Eating or drinking on purpose in Ramadan
What about the Muslim who deliberately leaves a day of fasting by eating or drinking deliberately? In Islam it is a great sin to neglect a day of Ramadan.
According to the correct opinion, it is not obligatory to pay any expiation for this. However, it is mandatory to make up this day on a later moment.
What scholars say about it
The Madhabs have spoken on this issue. The Hanbali and Shafi'i madhab hold the opinion that this requires act requires making it up on a later moment, without having to pay expiation for it.
The Maliki madhab however, holds that this requires both expiation and making it up. The correct view is that eating or drinking deliberately during Ramadan does not require expiation.
Imam Ahmad
قال ابن هانئ: وسئل عن: الرجل يفطر عامدًا؟
قال: عليه القضاء.
"مسائل ابن هانئ" (٦٢١).
Imam Ahmad said:
"Whoever breaks the fast by eating deliberately, he is required to make it up."
[Masail ibn Hani 621]
قيل لابي فَإِن اكل مُتَعَمدا يَعْنِي فِي رَمَضَان
قَالَ ان كفر فَهُوَ افضل قَالَ وَيَقْضِي يَوْمًا مَكَانَهُ
ص192 - كتاب مسائل الإمام أحمد رواية ابنه عبد الله
Imam Ahmad said:
"Whoever breaks the fast by eating deliberately, he is required to make it up. And paying expiation would be better (but not obligatory)."
[Masail Abdullah 192]
Imam Shafi'i
(قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ): فَإِنْ أَكَلَ فِيمَا بَيْنَ هَذَيْنِ الْوَقْتَيْنِ أَوْ شَرِبَ عَامِدًا لِلْأَكْلِ وَالشُّرْبِ ذَاكِرًا لِلصَّوْمِ فَعَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ
ص105 - كتاب الأم للشافعي
Imam Shafi'i said:
"Whoever breaks the fast by purposefully eating or drinking must make it up."
[Kitab Al-Umm 105 from Imam Shafi'i]
Imam Malik
قَالَ مَالِكٌ: أَنْ يَكُونَ أَكَلَ فِيهِ وَهُوَ يَعْلَمُ مَا عَلَى مَنْ أَفْطَرَ فِي رَمَضَانَ مُتَعَمِّدًا وَجُرْأَةً عَلَى ذَلِكَ، فَأَرَى عَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءَ مَعَ الْكَفَّارَةِ.
ص274 - كتاب المدونة - الذي يصوم متطوعا ويفطر من غير علة
Imam Malik said:
"I believe that whoever deliberately breaks the fast by eating on a day of Ramadan should make it up at a later time and pay expiation (Kaffaarah)."
[Al-Mudawannah 274 from Ibn Sahnun]