Evidences that Abu Hanifa was a murji

Abu Hanifa being the founder of the Hanafi madhab, followed the creed of the Murjiah. For this reason, he is known to be among those who some people call 'Murjiatul Fuqaha'.

Besides the fact that it is not widely known that Abu Hanifa was a murji, this obviously does not invalidate the evidences that are narrated from the Salaf Saliheen about his reality.

Salaf Saliheen on Abu Hanifa

٢٢٥٣ - نعمان بْن ثابت أَبُو حنيفة الكوفِي مولى لِبَنِي تيم اللَّه بْن ثعلبة روى عنه عباد بْن العوام وابْن المبارك وهشيم ووكيع ومُسْلِم بْن خَالِد وأَبُو مُعَاوِيَة والمقري كَانَ مرجئا سكتوا عن رأيه وعَنْ حديثه، قَالَ أَبُو نعيم مات أَبُو حنيفة سنة خمسين ومائة
[كتاب التاريخ الكبير للبخاري - ج ٨ - الصفحة ٨١]

Imam Bukhari said: "Nu'man Ibn Thabit Abu Hanifa Al-Kufi. Those who narrated from him are 'Abbad bin Al-'Awwam, Ibn Al-Mubarak, Hushaym, Waki', Muslim bin Khalid, Abu Mu'awiyah, and Al-Muqri. He was a Murji, and we remained silent about his opinion and his narrations. He died in the year 150AH." [Tarikh Al-Kabir 8/81 of Imam Bukhari]

نا عبد الرحمن نا محمد بن حمويه بن الحسن قال سمعت الحسين بن الحسن المروزى يقول ذكر أبو حنيفة عند احمد بن حنبل فقال: رأيه مذموم وبدنه لا يذكر.
[الجرح والتعديل لابن أبي حاتم صفحة ۳٦۹٧]

Imam Ahmad said: "The opinion of Abu Hanifa is reprehensible, and he does not deserve to be mentioned." [Jarh wal Ta'deel 3697 of Ibn Abi Hatim]

۲۰٦۱ النعمان بن ثابت أبو حنيفة مولى بني تيم الله [بن ثعلبة - 4] روى عن عطاء ونافع وأبي جعفر محمد بن علي وقتادة وسماك بن حرب وحماد بن أبي سليمان روى عنه هشيم وعباد بن العوام بنات المبارك ووكيع وعبد الرزاق وابو نعيم، ثم تركه ابن المبارك بآخرة سمعتها تقول ذلك.
[الجرح والتعديل لابن أبي حاتم صفحة ۳٦۹٦]

Ibn Abi Hatim said: "Al-Nu'man bin Thabit Abu Hanifa narrated from Ata', Nafi', Abu Ja'far Muhammad bin 'Ali, Qatada, Samak bin Harb, and Hammad bin Abi Sulaiman. Those who narrated from him are Hushaym, 'Abbad bin Al-Awwam, Ibn Al-Mubarak, Waki', Abd Al-Razzaq, and Abu Nu'aym. Then later Ibn Al-Mubarak left Abu Hanifa, I heard this from my father (Abu Hatim al-Razi). [Jarh wal Ta'deel 3696 of Ibn Abi Hatim]

حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ حدثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ ، قَالَ كَانَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ مُرْجِئًا وَكَانَ مِنَ الدُّعَاةِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ فِي الْحَدِيثِ بِشَيْءٍ وَصَاحِبُهُ أَبُو يُوسُفَ لَيْسَ بِهِ بَأْسٌ
[السنة لعبد الله بن أحمد ٣٤٦]

Yahya Ibn Ma'een said: "Abu Hanifa was a Murji and he called others towards that creed, and he was nothing in hadith. As for his companion Abu Yusuf, there is nothing wrong with him in hadith. [Al-Sunnah 346 of Abdullah Ibn Ahmad]

حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ ، نا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ وَكِيعٍ ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، قَالَ : لَمَّا تَكَلَّمَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ فِي الْإِرْجَاءِ وَخَاصَمَ فِيهِ قَالَ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ : يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُنْفَى مِنَ الْكُوفَةَ أَوْ يُخْرُجَ مِنْهَا
[السنة لعبد الله بن أحمد ٣٢٩]

Waki' said: "When Abu Hanifa started propagating Irja, Sufyan al-Thawri said he wanted him to be expelled from Kufa." [Al-Sunnah 329 of Abdullah Ibn Ahmad]

حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ ، نا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ شَمَّاسٍ ، نا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمُقْرِئُ ، قَالَ : كَانَ وَاللَّهِ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ مُرْجِئًا وَدَعَانِي إِلَى الْإِرْجَاءِ فَأَبَيْتُ عَلَيْهِ
[السنة لعبد الله بن أحمد ٣٢٩]

Al-Muqri said: "Wallah, Abu Hanifa was a murji and he called me towards it, but I refused." [Al-Sunnah 329 of Abdullah Ibn Ahmad]

حدثنا عبد الرحمن ثنا حجاج بن حمزة قال نا عبدان ابن عثمان قال سمعت ابن المبارك يقول: كان أبو حنيفة مسكينا في الحديث
[السنة لعبد الله بن أحمد ٣٢٩]

Ibn Al-Mubarak said: "Abu Hanifa was poor in hadith." [Jarh wal Ta'deel 3697 of Ibn Abi Hatim]

قال البخاري رحمه الله في «التاريخ الصغير» (ص156): سمعت الحميدي يقول: قال أبو حنيفة: قدمت مكة فأخذت من الحجام ثلاث سنن: لما قعدت بين يديه قال لي: استقبل القبلة، فبدأ بشق رأسي الأيمن وبلغ إلى العظمين قال الحميدي: فرجل ليس عنده سنن عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم ولا أصحابه في المناسك وغيرها كيف يقلد أحكام الله في المواريث والفرائض والزكاة والصلاة وأمور الإسلام.
[التاريخ الصغير - البخاري - ج ٢ - الصفحة ٤١]

Al-Humaydi said: "Abu Hanifa said he learned three Sunnah acts mentioning facing qiblah while shaving the head in Umrah beginning from the right side. This man (Abu Hanifa) has no Sunnah, nor rituals of the companions. So how can he be reliable to teach others in matters of Ahkam like inheritance, obligatory acts, zakat, prayer and other matters of Islam?" [Al-Tarikh al-Saghir Volume 2 Page 41, of Imam Bukhari]

From the Khalaf

(قال ابن عبد البر: ألا أن المرجئة) تقول (المؤمن) المقر مستكمل الايمان وقد ذكرنا اختلاف أئمة (أهل) السنة والجماعة في تارك الصلاة فأما أهل البدع فإن المرجئة قالت تارك الصلاة مؤمن مستكمل الإيمان إذا كان مقرا غير جاحد ومصدقا غير مستكبر وحكيت هذه المقالة عن أبي حنيفة وسائر المرجئة وهو قول جهم
[التمهيد - ابن عبد البر - ج ٤ - الصفحة ٢٤٢]

Ibn 'Abdul-Barr said: "As for the Murjiah, they say that a person who does not perform the prayer is a complete believer (because they do not believe that deeds are part of Iman). For them, merely acknowledging the prayer is sufficient, and abandoning it does not diminish Iman. This is the view of Abu Hanifa and the rest of the Murjiah, and it is also the view of Jahm ibn Safwan." [Al-Tamheed - Ibn 'Abdul-Barr - Volume 4 - Page 242]

قَالَ أَبُو عُمَرَ كَثِيرٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ اسْتَجَازُوا الطَّعْنَ عَلَى أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ لِرَدِّهِ كَثِيرًا مِنْ أَخْبَارِ الآحَادِ الْعُدُولِ لأَنَّهُ كَانَ يَذْهَبُ فِي ذَلِكَ إِلَى عَرْضِهَا عَلَى مَا اجْتَمَعَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الأَحَادِيثِ وَمَعَانِي الْقُرْآنِ فَمَا شَذَّ عَنْ ذَلِكَ رَدَّهُ وَسَمَّاهُ شَاذًّا وَكَانَ مَعَ ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا يَقُولُ الطَّاعَاتُ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ وَغَيْرِهَا لَا تُسَمَّى إِيمَانًا وَكُلُّ مَنْ قَالَ مِنْ أَهْلِ السُّنَّةِ الإِيمَانُ قَوْلٌ وَعَمَلٌ يُنْكِرُونَ قَوْلَهُ وَيُبَدِّعُونَهُ بِذَلِكَ وَكَانَ مَعَ ذَلِكَ مَحْسُودًا لِفَهْمِهِ وَفِطْنَتِهِ
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٤٩]

Ibn 'Abdul-Barr said: "Many of the people of hadith permitted criticizing Abu Hanifa for rejecting numerous reports from trustworthy single narrators (ahad) because he would compare them to what was agreed upon from hadiths and the meanings of the Quran. Whatever deviated from that, he would reject and call it 'unusual' (shadh). Moreover, he also used to say that acts of obedience, such as prayer and others, are not considered to be part of Iman. Everyone from Ahl al-Sunnah who said that 'faith consists of speech and action' rejected his statement and deemed him an innovator because of it. Besides this, he was also envied (by some) for his understanding and insight." [Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Thalatha al-Aimmah al-Fuqaha - Ibn 'Abdul-Barr - Page 149]

According to the Murjiah, abandoning prayer is not considered to diminish one's faith (Iman). However, Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah holds that abandoning prayer does diminish Iman.

The ruling on whether abandoning prayer constitutes major disbelief (kufr) or not has been a matter of dispute among the Salaf Saliheen.

Is Abu Hanifa a kafir for being Murji?

As shown in the narrations that came about him regarding his Irja, nobody made takfir of him because of it.

He was deemed an innovator by the Salaf Saliheen for having Irja. However, he was not deemed to be kafir for having Irja.

Abu Hanifa belonged to the 'Murjiah al-Fuqaha', who deemed Iman to be complete if one believes in his heart and tongue. They would deem the Iman to be the same for every Muslim, and they called the Muslims complete believers (Mu'minun).

٩٧٥ - أَخْبَرَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ دَاوُدَ، قَالَ: ثَنَا زِيَادُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ، يَقُولُ: " لَا يُعْجِبُنَا أَنْ نَقُولَ: مُؤْمِنٌ حَقًّا، وَلَا نُكَفِّرُ مَنْ قَالَهُ "
[ص569 - كتاب السنة لأبي بكر بن الخلال]

Imam Ahmad said: "We do not find it pleasing to say, 'A complete believer,' nor do we declare anyone who says ("you are a Mu'min") it to be a disbeliever." [Kitab al-Sunnah - Abu Bakr al-Khallal - Page 569]

As for this group among the Murjiah, who believe that deeds are not an integral part of Iman while maintaining that Iman consists of faith in the heart and verbal expression, they are not considered kuffar. Rather, they are regarded as innovators who have not departed from the fold of Islam. According to the Salaf Saliheen, their innovation does not reach that level.

٩٨٨ - وَأَخْبَرَنِي مُوسَى بْنُ سَهْلٍ، قَالَ: ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْأَسَدِيُّ، قَالَ: ثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَحْمَدَ: هَلْ تَخَافُ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ الْكُفْرُ عَلَى مَنْ قَالَ: الْإِيمَانُ قَوْلٌ بِلَا عَمَلٍ، فَقَالَ: «لَا يَكْفُرُونَ بِذَلِكَ»
[ص574 - كتاب السنة لأبي بكر بن الخلال]

Isma’il ibn Sa’id narrated: I asked Ahmad (ibn Hanbal), 'Do you fear that disbelief (kufr) might enter upon someone who says that faith (Iman) is only speech without action?' He said, 'They do not become disbelievers because of that. [Kitab al-Sunnah - Abu Bakr al-Khallal - Page 574]

Abu Athari writes about basic principles within Islam. He uses his critical and well-researched way to spread knowledge of the first three Muslim generations.

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