
The critique on Abu Hanifa
Much has been said about Abu Hanifa, including debates on whether he is a valid Imam in Fiqh and whether he was a Jahmi. These matters have been discussed by the Salaf Saliheen and those who came after them.
Numerous narrations exist regarding Abu Hanifa, primarily critiquing his method of deriving Fiqh rulings, his excessive use of Qiyas and Raiyy, and his stance on Irja. Many narrations even say that he repented from Kufr two or three times.
This analysis will review 577 narrations (from which duplicates), examining their authenticity and evaluating whether they are authentic or weak in relation to Abu Hanifa.
We view Abu Hanifa to be an estabilished Faqih, who is weak as a narrator, and he was from the 'Murjiatul Fuqaha'. He was highly praised by Imam Shafi'i, Yahya ibn Ma'een, and others. He was a noble scholar, pious, and very intelligent, rahimahullah.
We have compiled every narration regarding the critique of Abu Hanifa that are mentioned in the following books:
- Tarikh Baghdad (everything)
- Kitab al-Sunnah of Abdullah ibn Ahmad (everything)
- Al-Ma'rifah wal-Tarikh of al-Fassawi (everything)
- Al-Kaamil of Ibn 'Adiy (everything)
- Al-Du'afaa of al-'Uqayli (everything)
Besides those, we have also added narrations mentioned in the following books, which are basically duplicates of what is already mentioned in the previous books we mentioned. Here are the books:
- Tarikh al-Kabir, Tarikh al-Saghir, and al-Du'afaa al-Saghir of Imam Bukhari
- Adab al-Shafi'i wa Manaqibuh of Ibn Abi Haatim
- Kitab al-Majruhin of Ibn Hibban
- Sharh Usul I'tiqad of Imam Lalakaee
- Jaami' al-Bayaan wa Fadlihi of Ibn Abdul-Barr
- Akhbaar al-Qadaa of Khalaf ibn Hayyan
We have studied and examined the narrations in all of these books, and have come to the conclusion that most of what has been narrated regarding the critique of Abu Hanifa is in fact authentic.
There are a big sum of authentic narrations criticizing Abu Hanifa for his excessiveness in Qiyas and Raiyy, and also for his belief in Irja.
From the Salaf Saliheen who have criticized Abu Hanifa authentically:
- Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak
- Imam Malik
- Shu'bah
- Al-A'mash
- Sufyan al-Thawri
- Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah
- Sharik ibn Abdullah al-Nakha'ee
- Hammad ibn Salamah
- Imam Ahmad
We have found the harshest concerning Abu Hanifa to be Hammad ibn Salamah, and after him Sharik ibn Abdullah.
Many from Ahl al-Hadith have authentically been reported to have criticized Abu Hanifa for his excessive use of Raiyy and Qiyas, but also about his belief in Irja.
Narrations criticizing Abu Hanifa
There are both authentic and weak narrations about the critique on Abu Hanifa. Most of what is narrated about him is authentic and cannot be denied.
We found that there are more who have criticized Abu Hanifa than who have praised him. Sure, his Fiqh is undeniable and accepted among the Salaf Saliheen to be a valid stance. However, he was a Murji, and for that reason there was a consensus on his deviation.
Weak narrations regarding Abu Hanifa:
- That he died upon the belief of the Jahmiyyah
- That he believed the Quran is created
- That he viewed someone to be a believer if he worships a shoe and believes it will bring him closer to Allah
- That he viewed the Iman of Muslims to be the same as that of Angels
- That he was an arrogant and stubborn man who delibarely went against the Sunnah
- That he did not deserve to be called a Mujtahid, scholar, or Faqih
- That he was Thiqah as a narrator of Hadith (Abu Hanifa was Da'if)
Authentic narrations regarding the critique Abu Hanifa:
- The retraction of Ibn al-Mubarak regarding Abu Hanifa
- The narrations regarding him having been made to repent twice or thrice
- That he viewed a person to be a believer for doubting the location of the Ka'ba or doubting the location of the Prophet's grave
- Heavy critique of Imam Malik regarding Abu Hanifa
- Heavy critique of Sufyan al-Thawri regarding Abu Hanifa
- Heavy critique of Awza'ee regarding Abu Hanifa
- Heavy critique of Imam Ahmad regarding Abu Hanifa
- The weakness of Abu Hanifa as a Hadith narrator
- Critique on his madhab for excessiveness in using Raiyy and Qiyas
- Critique on him for believing in Irja
- Abu Hanifa rejecting specific narrations
Weak narrations about Abu Hanifa
We have collected 62 narrations, covering topics such as 'Khalq al-Quran,' the Irja of the Jahmiyyah, incorrect criticisms that were never made, and more. The majority of these narrations are duplicates.
There are some weak narrations saying that Abu Hanifa is Thiqah as a narrator. The reality however, is that Abu Hanifa is not Thiqah.
Those who are fanatic about Abu Hanifa would accept these weak narrations and ignore the bulk of narrations proving Abu Hanifa to be Da'if. But thankfully, the truth can never be buried, it will always find its way out.
أخبرنا ابن رزق، حدثنا أحمد بن علي بن عمرو بن حبيش الرازي قال:
سمعت محمد بن أحمد بن عصام يقول: سمعت محمد بن سعد العوفي يقول: سمعت يحيى بن معين يقول: كان أبو حنيفة ثقة لا يحدث بالحديث إلا ما يحفظ ولا يحدث بما لا يحفظ.
[تاريخ بغداد - المجلد ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٢١-٤٢٢]
Ibn Rizq narrated to us, from Ahmad bin Ali bin Amr bin Habish Al-Razi, who said: I heard Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Isaam (Majhul) say: I heard Muhammad bin Saad Al-Awfi say: I heard Yahya bin Ma'een say: "Abu Hanifa was trustworthy, he would not narrate a hadith except what he had memorized, and he would not narrate what he did not memorize."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 421-422]
What has been estabilished from Yahya ibn Ma'een is that he regarded Abu Hanifa to be truthful but weak in Hadith.
أخبرنا التنوخي، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا محمد بن حمدان بن الصباح، حدثنا أحمد بن الصلت الحماني قال: سمعت يحيى بن معين - وهو يسأل عن أبي حنيفة - أثقة هو في الحديث؟ قال: نعم! ثقة ثقة. كان والله أورع من أن يكذب، وهو أجل قدرا من ذلك.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٢٢]
Al-Tanukhi told us, my father told us, Muhammad bin Hamdan bin Al-Sabah told us, Ahmad ibn Salt ⓘ said: I heard Yahya bin Ma'een - when he was asked about Abu Hanifa - "Is he trustworthy in narration?" He said: "Yes! He is Thiqah, Thiqah. By Allah, he was too pious to lie, and he was of a higher stature than that."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 422]
Abu Hanifa was Da'if in Hadith, but he was honest, and did not lie. He was too noble to lie, as said by Yahya ibn Ma'een and Ibn Shaheen.
أخبرنا الصيمري، أخبرنا عمر بن إبراهيم المقرئ، حدثنا مكرم بن أحمد، حدثنا أحمد، ابن عطية قال: سئل يحيى بن معين: هل حدث سفيان عن أبي حنيفة؟
قال: نعم! كان أبو حنيفة ثقة صدوقا في الحديث والفقه. مأمونا على دين الله.
قلت: أحمد بن الصلت هو أحمد بن عطية وكان غير ثقة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٢٢]
Al-Saymari told us, Omar bin Ibrahim Al-Muqri told us, Mukram bin Ahmad told us, Ahmad ibn 'Atiyah ⓘ said: Yahya bin Ma'een was asked: "Did Sufyan narrate from Abu Hanifa?" He replied: "Yes! Abu Hanifa was trustworthy, truthful in hadith and jurisprudence, and trustworthy in the religion of God."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 422]
Sufyan did not narrate from Abu Hanifa, nor was Abu Hanifa trustworthy in the religion of God in the subject of Iman. Abu Hanifa was a Murji. So because of that, he could not have been trustworthy with regards to Aqeedah.
There are many narrations saying that Abu Hanifa held the view that the Quran is created, and that he was a Jahmi.
However, none of these narrations are true. It is estabilished among the students of Abu Hanifa that he never held such a view, nor was he a Jahmi, ever.
Many of these narrations originate from individuals who themselves followed the Jahmi ideology, such as Sa'eed ibn Salm and Isma'il ibn Hammad (the grandson of Abu Hanifa).
They were part of a campaign to spread their false beliefs by claiming that a prominent figure like Abu Hanifa also subscribed to their ideology.
However, there were scholars among the Salaf Saliheen who viewed Abu Hanifa to be a Jahmi, but they are a minority.
The majority believed Abu Hanifa to have died as a Murji, and that he believed the content of the Mushaf is in fact the Quran, and that the Quran is the speech of Allah, uncreated.
٢٣١ - حَدَّثَنِي مَحْمُودُ بْنُ غَيْلَانَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سَلْمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا يُوسُفَ وَهُوَ بِجُرْجَانَ عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، فَقَالَ: «وَمَا تَصْنَعُ بِهِ مَاتَ جَهْمِيًّا»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٨١]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Mahmoud ibn Ghailan narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Said ibn Salm narrated to us from his father (Sa'eed ibn Salm) ⓘ, who said: 'I asked Abu Yusuf while he was in Jurjan about Abu Hanifa, and he said: "What would you do with him, he died a Jahmi."'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 181]
٢٣٢ - حَدَّثَنِي إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْأَزْدِيُّ الْقَاضِي، حَدَّثَنِي نَصْرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، ثنا الْأَصْمَعِيُّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سَلْمٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي يُوسُفَ أَكَانَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ يَقُولُ بِقَوْلِ جَهْمٍ؟ فَقَالَ: «نَعَمْ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٨١]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ismail bin Ishaq al-Azdi al-Qadi narrated to me, Nasr bin Ali narrated to us, al-Asma'i narrated from Sa'eed ibn Salm ⓘ, who said: I asked Abu Yusuf: "Did Abu Hanifa say the same as Jahm?" He replied: "Yes."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 181]
٢٣٦ - حَدَّثَنِي إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ حَسَنِ بْنِ أَبِي مَالِكٍ، عَنْ أَبِي يُوسُفَ، قَالَ " أَوَّلُ مَنْ قَالَ: الْقُرْآنُ مَخْلُوقٌ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ "
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٨٣]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ishaq ibn Abd al-Rahman (Majhul) told me, from Hasan ibn Abi Malik, from Abu Yusuf, who said: "The first one to say that the Quran is created was Abu Hanifa."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 183]
٢٣٧ - حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ثنا خَالِدُ بْنُ خِدَاشٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ قَرِيبٍ الْأَصْمَعِيِّ، عَنْ حَازِمٍ الطُّفَاوِيِّ قَالَ وَكَانَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْحَدِيثِ: «أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ إِنَّمَا كَانَ يَعْمَلُ بِكُتُبِ جَهْمٍ تَأْتِيهِ مِنْ خُرَاسَانَ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٨٣]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ahmad ibn Ibrahim told me, Khalid ibn Khidash narrated to me, from Abdul Malik ibn Quraib al-Asma’i, from Hazim al-Tufawi (Majhul), who was among the companions of hadith, who said: 'Abu Hanifa used to follow the books of Jahm, which were sent to him from Khurasan.'
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 183]
٢٣٨ - حَدَّثَنِي سُفْيَانُ بْنُ وَكِيعٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ حَمَّادِ بْنِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي حَمَّادُ بْنُ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، قَالَ: أَرْسَلَ ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى إِلَى أَبِي فَقَالَ لَهُ: تُبْ مِمَّا تَقُولُ فِي الْقُرْآنِ أَنَّهُ مَخْلُوقٌ وَإِلَّا أَقْدَمْتُ عَلَيْكَ بِمَا تَكْرَهُ، قَالَ: فَتَابَعَهُ قُلْتُ: يَا أَبَهْ كَيْفَ فَعَلْتَ ذَا؟ قَالَ: «يَا بُنَيَّ خِفْتُ أَنْ يَقْدُمَ عَلَيَّ فَأَعْطَيْتُ تَقِيَّةً»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٨٣]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Sufyan ibn Waki' ⓘ told me, Umar ibn Hammad ibn Abi Hanifa (Majhul) said: My father, Hammad ibn Abi Hanifa, informed me that Ibn Abi Layla sent a message to my father, saying: 'Repent from what you say about the Quran being created, or I will bring to you what you dislike.' He continued, and I asked my father: 'How did you deal with that?' He said: 'My son, I feared he would come to me, so I gave him taqiyya.'
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 183]
«حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جُزْءٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ جَدِّي قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي يُوسُفَ: أَكَانَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ مُرْجِئًا؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قُلْتُ: أَكَانَ جَهْمِيًّا؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: قُلْتُ: فأين أنت منه؟ قال: انما كان ابو حَنِيفَةُ مُدَرِّسًا فَمَا كَانَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ حَسَنًا قَبِلْنَاهُ وَمَا كَانَ قَبِيحًا تَرَكْنَاهُ عَلَيْهِ».
[المعرفة والتاريخ - الفسوي - الجزء ٢ - الصفحة ٧٨٣]
Al-Fassawi mentioned:
Abu Juz ⓘ narrated to us, from 'Amr ibn Sa'eed ibn Muslim, who said: I heard my grandfather say:
I said to Abu Yusuf: "Was Abu Hanifa a Murji?" He said: "Yes." I said: "Was he a Jahmi?" He said: "Yes." I said: "So where do you stand in relation to him?" He replied: "Abu Hanifa was merely a teacher. Whatever was good from his words, we accepted, and whatever was bad, we left it."
[Al-Ma'rifah wal-Tarikh - Al-Fassawi - Volume 2 - Page 783]
The same narration is mentioned in "Tarikh Baghdad", which is also weak, because it contains an unknown person. It incorrectly attributes to al-Fassawi that he transmitted it from Abu Juzay 'Amr ibn Sa'eed ibn Saalim, whereas the correct chain is: "From Abu Juzay, from 'Amr ibn Sa'eed ibn Muslim," as is seen in the narration al-Fassawi mentioned in his book.
وقال يعقوب: حدثنا أبو جزي عمرو بن سعيد بن سالم قال: سمعت جدي قال: قلت لأبي يوسف؟ أكان أبو حنيفة مرجئا؟ قال: نعم! قلت: أكان جهميا؟ قال: نعم. قلت: فأين أنت منه؟ قال: إنما كان أبو حنيفة مدرسا. فما كان من قوله حسنا قبلناه، وما كان قبيحا تركناه عليه.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٢]
Ya'qoub said: Abu Juzay 'Amr ibn Sa'eed ibn Salm (Majhul) narrated to us, saying: I heard my grandfather say: I asked Abu Yusuf, "Was Abu Hanifa a Murji?" He said, "Yes!" I asked, "Was he a Jahmi?" He said, "Yes." I asked, "So where do you stand regarding him?" He said, "Abu Hanifa was merely a teacher. Whatever was good from his statements, we accepted it, and whatever was bad, we left it."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 12 - Page 372]
حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي يُوسُفَ: أَكَانَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ جَهْمِيًّا؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قُلْتُ:
أَكَانَ مُرْجِئًا؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. فَقُلْتُ لَهُ فَعَلَامَ كُنْتُمْ تُجَالِسُونَهُ؟ قَالَ: عَلَى مُدَارَسَةِ الْعِلْمِ
[المعرفة والتاريخ - الفسوي - الجزء ٢ - الصفحة ٧٨٢]
Al-Fassawi mentioned:
'Ubaydullah ibn Muadh narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Muadh said: I heard Sa'eed ibn Muslim (Sa'eed ibn Salm al-Bahili) ⓘ say: I asked Abu Yusuf: 'Was Abu Hanifa a Jahmi?' He said: 'Yes.' I asked: 'Was he a Murji?' He said: 'Yes.' I asked him: 'Then why did you sit with him?' He said: 'For the study of knowledge.'
[Al-Ma'rifah wal-Tarikh - Al-Fassawi - Volume 2 - Page 782]
٣١ - حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْبَغَوِيُّ، ثنا مَحْمُودُ بْنُ غَيْلَانَ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ⦗٣٣⦘ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ يَعْنِي ابْنَ قُتَيْبَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَبَا يُوسُفَ، وَهُوَ بِجُرْجَانَ مَعَ مُوسَى عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، فَقَالَ: مَا تَصْنَعُ بِهِ؟ قَدْ مَاتَ جَهْمِيًّا.
[ص32 - كتاب شرح مذاهب أهل السنة لابن شاهين]
Ibn Shaheen mentioned:
Abdullah bin Muhammad al-Baghawi narrated to us, Mahmud ibn Ghaylan narrated to us, Muhammad bin Sa'id bin (Salm bin) Muslim bin Qutaybah, from his father (Sa'eed ibn Salm ibn (Muslim ibn) Qutaybah) ⓘ, who said: "I asked Abu Yusuf, while he was in Jurjan with Musa, about Abu Hanifa. He said: 'What do you need from him? He died as a Jahmi.'"
[Kitaab Sharh Madhahib Ahl Sunnah - Ibn Shaheen - Page 32]
٣٢ - حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَخِي عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، عَنِ الْأَصْمَعِيِّ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سَالِمٍ، قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي يُوسُفَ: أَكَانَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ جَهْمِيًّا؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ
[ص32 - كتاب شرح مذاهب أهل السنة لابن شاهين]
Ibn Shaheen mentioned:
'Uthman bin Ja'far narrated to us, Ahmad bin Sa'd told us, saying: My brother, Ubaydullah bin Sa'd, narrated to me from Al-Asma'i, from Sa'eed ibn Salim ⓘ, who said: I asked Abu Yusuf: Was Abu Hanifa a Jahmi? He said: Yes.
[Kitaab Sharh Madhahib Ahl Sunnah - Ibn Shaheen - Page 32]
أخبرني إبراهيم بن أبي عثمان قال حدثني الفضل بن سعيد بن سلم عن أبيه قال: قلت لأبي يوسف أكان أبو حنيفة يرى رأي جهم؟ قال: نعم قلت فأين أنت منه قال: لا أين قلت: وكيف وأنت من أصحابه قال: كان أبو حنيفة رجلا قد أوتي فهما فكنا نأتيه وكان لنا مدرسا.
[أخبار القضاة - محمد بن خلف بن حيان - ج ٣ - الصفحة ٢٥٨]
Khalaf ibn Hayyan mentioned:
Ibrahim bin Abi Uthman told me, who narrated from Al-Fadl bin Sa'eed bin Salm, from his father (Sa'eed ibn Salm) ⓘ, who said: I asked Abu Yusuf: Did Abu Hanifa follow the opinion of Jahm? He said: Yes. I asked: So where do you stand in relation to him? He said: Nowhere. I asked: How so, when you are among his companions? He said: Abu Hanifa was a man who had been granted understanding, so we used to come to him, and we had our own school.
[Akhbaar al-Qadaa - Volume 3 - Page 258]
وحدثنا إسحاق بن إبراهيم بن عبد الرحمن أبو يعقوب لؤلؤ قال: أخبرني إسحاق بن عبد الرحمن عن الحسن بن أبي مالك عن أبي يوسف قال: أول من قال القرآن ليس بمخلوق: أبو حنيفة.
[أخبار القضاة - محمد بن خلف بن حيان - ج ٣ - الصفحة ٢٥٨]
Khalaf ibn Hayyan mentioned:
Ishaq bin Ibrahim bin Abdurrahman Abu Yaqub Lu’lu’ narrated to us, saying: Ishaq bin Abdurrahman (Majhul) told me, from Al-Hasan bin Abi Malik, from Abu Yusuf, who said: The first to say that the Quran is not created was Abu Hanifa.
[Akhbaar al-Qadaa - Volume 3 - Page 257-258]
It seems to us that there is an error in the printing of the text of that page of the book. It should say 'The first to say that the Quran is created was Abu Hanifa'. This is in accordance with the same narration mentioned by Abdullah ibn Ahmad.
أخبرنا أبو بكر محمد بن عمر بن بكير المقرئ، أخبرنا عثمان بن أحمد بن سمعان الرزاز، حدثنا هيثم بن خلف الدوري، حدثنا محمود بن غيلان، حدثنا محمد بن سعيد عن أبيه قال: كنت مع أمير المؤمنين - موسى - بجرجان ومعنا أبو يوسف، فسألته عن أبي حنيفة فقال: وما تصنع به وقد مات جهميا.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٢]
Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Umar ibn Bakir al-Muqri' narrated to us, and he said: "Uthman ibn Ahmad ibn Samaan al-Razzaaz narrated to us, and he said: 'Haytham ibn Khalaf al-Duri narrated to us, and he said: "Mahmoud ibn Ghilan narrated to us, and he said: 'Muhammad ibn Sa'id narrated to us from his father (Sa'eed ibn Salm) ⓘ, who said:
"I was with the Commander of the Faithful - Musa - in Jurjan, and with us was Abu Yusuf. I asked him about Abu Hanifa, and he said: 'What do you want from him, for he died a Jahmi.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 372]
أخبرنا محمد بن إسماعيل بن عمر البجلي، حدثنا محمد بن محمد بن عبد الله الطويل النيسابوري، حدثنا أبو حامد بن بلال، حدثنا ابن سختويه بن مازيار، حدثنا علي بن عثمان قال: سمعت زنبورا يقول: سمعت أبا حنيفة يقول:
قدمت علينا امرأة جهم بن صفوان فأدبت نساءنا.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٢]
Muhammad ibn Ismail ibn Umar al-Bajali narrated to us, he said: "Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Abdullah al-Tawil al-Naysaburi narrated to us, he said: 'Abu Hamid ibn Bilal narrated to us, he said: 'Ibn Sakhtwayh ibn Maziyar narrated to us, he said: 'Ali ibn Uthman said: 'I heard Zanburah say: 'I heard Abu Hanifa say: "A woman from Jahm ibn Safwan came to us and educated our women.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 372]
Zanburah was a Jahmi.
أخبرنا أحمد بن جعفر بن سلم الختلي، حدثنا أحمد بن علي الأبار، حدثنا منصور بن أبي مزاحم، حدثني أبو الأخنس الكناني قال: رأيت أبا حنيفة - أو حدثني الثقة أنه رأى أبا حنيفة - آخذا بزمام بعير مولاة للجهم، قدمت خراسان، يقود جملها بظهر الكوفة يمشي.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٢]
Ahmad ibn Ja'far ibn Salim al-Khatli narrated to us, from Ahmad ibn Ali al-Abar narrated, from Mansur ibn Abi Muzahim narrated to me, he said: Abu al-Akhnas al-Kanani (Majhul) said: 'I saw Abu Hanifa—or a trustworthy person told me that he saw Abu Hanifa—holding the reins of a she-camel belonging to a freed woman of Jahm, who had come to Khurasan, leading her camel in the back of Kufa while walking.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 372]
Abu al-Akhnas Bakir al-Kanani is Majhūl (unknown). Due to this, the narration cannot be relied upon. Furthermore, the report contains significant uncertainty regarding whether the narrator witnessed the event himself or merely heard it from someone else who claimed to have seen it. Additionally, this unnamed intermediary is not identified, further weakening the reliability of the narration.
أخبرنا البرقاني، حدثني محمد بن العباس الخزاز، حدثنا جعفر بن
محمد الصندلي، حدثنا إسحاق بن إبراهيم بن عم ابن منيع، حدثنا إسحاق بن عبد الرحمن، حدثنا حسن بن أبي مالك عن أبي يوسف قال: أول من قال القرآن مخلوق أبو حنيفة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الجزء ١٣ - الصفحتان ٣٧٤-٣٧٥]
Al-Barqani narrated to us, Muhammad ibn al-Abbas al-Khazzaz narrated to us, Ja'far ibn Muhammad al-Sandali narrated to us, Ishaq ibn Ibrahim ibn Amr ibn Mani' narrated to us, Ishaq ibn Abd al-Rahman (Majhul) narrated to us, Hasan ibn Abi Malik narrated from Abu Yusuf who said: "The first one to say that the Quran is created was Abu Hanifa."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 374-375]
أخبرنا أحمد بن يحيى بن زهير بتستر قال: حدثنا إسحاق بن إبراهيم البغوي قال حدثنا الحسن بن أبي مالك عن أبي يوسف قال: أول من قال القرآن مخلوق أبو حنيفة - يريد بالكوفة.
[كتاب المجروحين - ابن حبان - ج ٣ - الصفحة ٦٥]
Ibn Hibban mentioned:
Ahmad ibn Yahya ibn Zuhayr narrated to us in Tustar, he said: Ishaq ibn Ibrahim al-Baghawi ⓘ narrated to us, he said: Hassan ibn Abi Malik narrated to us from Abu Yusuf, who said: "The first person to say that the Qur'an is created was Abu Hanifa," meaning in Kufa.
[Kitab al-Majruhin - Volume 3 - Page 65]
Ibn Hibban added 'meaning in Kufa'.
Ishaq ibn Ibrahim al-Baghawi is weak, and he also did not hear from Hassan ibn Abi Malik. This chain is broken.
أخبرنا العتيقي، أخبرنا جعفر بن محمد بن علي الطاهري، حدثنا أبو القاسم البغوي، حدثنا زياد بن أيوب، حدثني حسن بن أبي مالك - وكان من خيار عباد الله - قال: قلت لأبي يوسف القاضي: ما كان أبو حنيفة يقول في القرآن؟ قال: فقال: كان يقول القرآن مخلوق. قال: قلت. فأنت يا أبا يوسف؟ فقال لا. قال أبو القاسم: فحدثت بهذا الحديث القاضي البرتي فقال لي: وأي حسن كان وأي حسن كان؟! يعني الحسن بن أبي مالك. قال أبو القاسم: فقلت للبرتي هذا قول أبي حنيفة؟ قال: نعم المشئوم. قال: جعل يقول أحدث بخلقي.
[تاريخ بغداد - الجزء ١٣ - الصفحتان ٣٧٥]
Al-Atiqi narrated to us, reporting from Ja‘far bin Muhammad bin Ali Al-Tahiri, who narrated from Abu Al-Qasim Al-Baghawi ⓘ, who narrated from Ziyad bin Ayoub, who said: Hassan bin Abi Malik – who was among the pious worshippers of Allah – narrated to me, and said:
I asked Abu Yusuf Al-Qadi, “What did Abu Hanifa say about the Quran?” He replied, “That the Quran is created.”
I then asked, “And you as well, Abu Yusuf?” He replied, “No.”
Abu Al-Qasim said: “I narrated this statement to Qadi Al-Barti, and he said to me, ‘What kind of Hassan was he? What kind of Hassan was he?!’—referring to Hassan bin Abi Malik.”
Abu Al-Qasim continued: “I said to Al-Barti, ‘Is this the opinion of Abu Hanifa?’ He responded, ‘Yes, the evil one.’” He then began saying, “He propogated this innovation in saying it is created.”
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 375]
This narration cannot be authentic, due to Abu al-Qasim al-Baghawi who was mentioned to be regarded as weak by many of his contemporaries during his old age. He was even accused of lying, and this narration shows that.
It also goes against the fact that Al-Barti is a major Hanafi, who defended the Fiqh of Abu Hanifa, so how could he say 'evil one' and still follow his madhab.
It also goes against the narrations presented by Imam Lalakaee and others where it is mentioned that Abu Yusuf said Abu Hanifa did not believe in Khalq al-Quran.
أخبرني الحسن بن محمد الخلال قال: حدثنا أحمد بن إبراهيم بن الحسن، حدثنا عمر بن الحسن القاضي قال: حدثنا إسماعيل بن إسحاق، حدثنا نصر بن علي، حدثنا الأصمعي، حدثنا سعيد بن سلم الباهلي قال: قلنا لأبي يوسف: لم لم تحدثنا عن أبي حنيفة؟ قال: ما تصنعون به؟ مات يوم مات يقول القرآن مخلوق.
[تاريخ بغداد - الجزء ١٣ - الصفحتان ٣٧٥]
Al-Hasan ibn Muhammad al-Khallal narrated to me, saying: Ahmad ibn Ibrahim ibn al-Hasan narrated to us, saying: Umar ibn al-Hasan al-Qadi narrated to us, saying: Ismail ibn Ishaq narrated to us, saying: Nasr ibn Ali narrated to us, saying: Al-Asma'i narrated to us, saying: Sa'eed ibn Salm al-Bahili ⓘ said:
We said to Abu Yusuf: "Why do you not narrate to us about Abu Hanifa?" He replied: "What do you want from him? He died saying that the Quran is created."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 375]
أخبرني محمد بن علي المقرئ، أخبرنا محمد بن عبد الله النيسابوري الحافظ قال: سمعت محمد بن صالح بن هانئ يقول: سمعت مسدد بن قطن يقول:
سمعت أبي يقول: سمعت يحيى بن عبد الحميد يقول: سمعت عشرة كلهم ثقات يقولون: سمعنا أبا حنيفة يقول: القرآن مخلوق.
[تاريخ بغداد - الجزء ١٣ - الصفحتان ٣٧٥]
Muhammad ibn Ali al-Muqri narrated to me, saying: Muhammad ibn Abdullah al-Nisaburi Al-Hafidh, narrated to us, saying: I heard Muhammad ibn Salih ibn Hani' say: I heard Musaddad ibn Qatn say: I heard my father (Qatan ibn Ibrahim) say: I heard Yahya ibn 'Abd al-Hamid say: I heard ten trustworthy individuals all say, "We heard Abu Hanifa say: 'The Quran is created.'”
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 375]
If those were trustworthy individuals, then there would have been seperate testimonials of Abu Hanifa being heard to say that the Quran is created. But this is not the case.
Besides that, the narration contains weakness due to Qatan ibn Ibrahim, who is not to be relied upon except if he relates from his book.
النسائي خرج عنه، ويقول: فيه نظر
[ميزان الاعتدال - الذهبي - ج ٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٠]
Al-Nasaee said: "Fihi Nadhar."
[Mizaan al-I'tidaal - Volume 2 - Page 390]
قطن بن إبراهيم من أهل نيسابور يروى عن عبيد الله بن موسى وجعفر بن عبد الرحمن حدثنا عنه أهل نيسابور يخطئ أحيانا يعتبر حديثه إذا حدث من كتابه
[الثقات - ابن حبان - ج ٩ - الصفحة ٢٢]
Ibn Hibban said: "Qatan bin Ibrahim was from the people of Naysabur. He narrates from Ubaidullah bin Musa and Ja'far bin Abdul Rahman. The people of Naysabur narrated from him. He makes mistakes at times, but his narrations are accepted when he narrates from his book."
[Al-Thiqaat - Volume 9 - Page 22]
أخبرني الخلال، حدثنا أحمد بن إبراهيم، حدثنا عمر بن الحسين القاضي، حدثنا عباس بن عبد العظيم، حدثنا أحمد بن يونس قال: كان أبو حنيفة، في مجلس عيسى بن عيسى. فقال: القرآن مخلوق. قال فقال: أخرجوه، فإن تاب وإلا فاضربوا عنقه.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٦]
Al-Khallal narrated to me, saying: Ahmad ibn Ibrahim narrated to us, saying: 'Umar ibn al-Husayn al-Qadi ⓘ narrated to us, saying: 'Abbas ibn Abd al-'Adhim narrated to us, saying: Ahmad ibn Yunus said:
"Abu Hanifa was in the assembly of Isa ibn Isa, and he said: 'The Quran is created.' Isa then said: 'Remove him, and if he repents, let him go; otherwise, strike his neck.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 376]
أخبرنا ابن رزق، أخبرنا أحمد بن إسحاق بن وهب البندار، حدثنا محمد ابن العباس - يعني المؤدب - حدثنا أبو محمد - شيخ - له أخبرني أحمد بن يونس قال: اجتمع ابن أبي ليلى وأبو حنيفة عند عيسى بن موسى العباسي والي الكوفة قال: فتكلما عنده، قال: فقال أبو حنيفة: القرآن مخلوق. قال: فقال عيسى لابن أبي ليلى: اخرج فاستتبه، فإن تاب وإلا فاضرب عنقه.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٦]
Ibn Rizq told us, Ahmad ibn Ishaq ibn Wahb al-Bundar informed us, Muhammad ibn al-Abbas the tutor told us, Abu Muhammad (Majhul) informed us, Ahmad ibn Yunus told me: Ibn Abi Layla and Abu Hanifa met at the presence of Isa ibn Musa al-Abbasi, the governor of Kufa. They spoke in his presence, and Abu Hanifa said: "The Quran is created." Isa said to Ibn Abi Layla: "Go out and make him repent. If he repents, fine, but if not, strike his neck."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 376]
أخبرنا ابن الفضل، أخبرنا دعلج بن أحمد، أخبرنا أحمد بن علي الأبار، حدثنا سفيان بن وكيع قال: جاء عمر بن حماد بن أبي حنيفة، فجلس إلينا، فقال: سمعت أبي حمادا يقول: بعث ابن أبي ليلى إلى أبي حنيفة فسأله عن القرآن.
فقال: مخلوق، فقال: تتوب وإلا أقدمت عليك؟ قال فتابعه، فقال القرآن كلام الله، قال فدار به في الخلق يخبرهم أنه قد تاب من قوله القرآن مخلوق. فقال أبي: فقلت لأبي حنيفة كيف صرت إلى هذا وتابعته؟ قال: يا بني خفت أن يقدم علي فأعطيته التقية.
[تاريخ بغداد - المجلد ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٦-٣٧٧]
Ibn al-Fadl narrated to us, saying: Da'lj ibn Ahmad narrated to us, saying: Ahmad ibn Ali al-Abbar narrated to us, saying: Sufyan ibn Waki' ⓘ said: 'Umar ibn Hammad ibn Abi Hanifa came and sat with us. He said: I heard my father, Hammad, say: 'Ibn Abi Layla sent for Abu Hanifa and questioned him about the Quran. He (Abu Hanifa) said: "It is created." Ibn Abi Layla said: "Repent, or I will carry out the punishment against you." Abu Hanifa then complied and said: "The Quran is the speech of Allah." He (Ibn Abi Layla) paraded him among the people, informing them that he had repented from saying the Quran is created.'
My father (Hammad) said: 'I asked Abu Hanifa: "How did you come to this and follow him?" He replied: "My son, I feared he would carry out the punishment against me, so I resorted to taqiyyah.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 376-377]
أخبرنا ابن الفضل، أخبرنا محمد بن الحسن بن زياد النقاش أن محمد بن علي أخبره عن سعيد بن سالم قال: قلت لقاضي القضاة أبي يوسف: سمعت أهل خراسان يقولون: إن أبا حنيفة جهمي مرجىء؟ قال لي: صدقوا، ويرى السيف أيضا.
قلت له: فأين أنت منه؟ فقال: إنما كنا نأتيه يدرسنا الفقه، ولم نكن نقلده ديننا.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٨٥]
Ibn al-Fadl told us, Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Ziyad al-Naqqash told us that Muhammad ibn Ali told him from Sa'eed ibn Salm ⓘ, who said:
I said to the Chief Judge Abu Yusuf: I heard the people of Khurasan say that Abu Hanifa was a Jahmi and a Murji? He replied: "They spoke the truth, and he also believes in the sword."
I asked him: "So where do you stand on this?" He said: "We used to come to him for him to teach us jurisprudence, and we did not blindly follow him in our faith."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 385]
أخبرنا زكريا الساجي حدثنا أبو حاتم الرازي حدثنا إسحاق بن موسى الأنصاري حدثنا سعيد بن سلم الباهلي قال سمعت إسماعيل بن حماد بن أبي حنيفة في دار المأمون يقول القرآن مخلوق هذا ديني ودين أبي ودين جدي
[الكامل - ابن عدي - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٣١٣-٣١٤]
Ibn 'Adiy mentioned:
Zakariya Al-Saji narrated to us, Abu Hatim Al-Razi narrated to us, Ishaq bin Musa Al-Ansari narrated to us, Sa'eed ibn Salm al-Bahili ⓘ narrated to us, saying: I heard Isma'il bin Hammad bin Abi Hanifa in the house of Al-Ma'mun saying, "The Qur'an is created. This is my religion, the religion of my father, and the religion of my grandfather."
[Al-Kaamil - Ibn 'Adiy - Volume 1 - Page 313-314]
This narration is accepted, due to other authentic narrations regarding what Isma'il ibn Hammad claimed about his father and grandfather following the same belief as him.
It is however untrue that his father (Hammad) and his grandfather (Abu Hanifa) had the same belief as him. Isma'il cannot be relied upon in what he narrates regarding belief, as he is a Jahmi. Same goes with Sa'eed ibn Salm al-Bahili, as he is also a Jahmi.
٣٣٠ - أُخْبِرْتُ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ الْهَاشِمِيِّ، وَهُوَ عَمُّ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، قَالَ: «كَانَ وَاللَّهِ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ كَافِرًا جَهْمِيًّا يَرَى رَأْيَ بِشْرِ بْنِ مُوسَى وَكَانَ بِشْرُ بْنُ مُوسَى يَرَى رَأْيَ الْخَوَارِجِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٠٩]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
I was informed from Al-Fadl bin Ja'far bin Sulaiman Al-Hashimi (Majhul), who is the uncle of Ja'far bin Abd al-Wahid, from Abu Ja'far bin Sulaiman (Majhul), saying: "By Allah, Abu Hanifa was a disbeliever and a Jahmi. He followed the opinion of Bishr bin Musa, and Bishr bin Musa followed the opinion of the Khawarij."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 209]
أخبرنا العتيقي، حدثنا تمام بن محمد بن عبد الله الأذني - بدمشق - أخبرنا أبو الميمون عبد الرحمن بن عبد الله البجلي قال: سمعت نصر بن محمد البغدادي يقول: سمعت يحيى بن معين يقول: كان محمد بن الحسن كذابا وكان جهميا، وكان أبو حنيفة جهميا ولم يكن كذابا.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٢١]
Al-‘Atiqi narrated to us, from Tamam bin Muhammad bin Abdullah Al-Athni in Damascus, who narrated from Abu Al-Maimun Abdul-Rahman bin Abdullah Al-Bajali, who said: I heard Nasr bin Muhammad Al-Baghdadi (Majhul) say: I heard Yahya bin Ma'een say: "Muhammad bin Al-Hasan was a liar and a Jahmi, and Abu Hanifa was a Jahmi but not a liar."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 421]
Nasr ibn Muhammad al-Baghdadi is unknown. Some say 'Nasr' was an error, it should have been 'Mudar'. This is incorrect, as Abu Al-Maimun Abdul-Rahman bin Abdullah Al-Bajali did not narrate from Mudar ibn Muhammad al-Asadi al-Baghdadi.
As for what Yahya ibn Ma'een narrated about Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Shaybani, this is correct, he indeed say that he is a Jahmi and a liar. This was when Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Shaybani followed the Jahmiyyah, but later repented from it.
محمد بن الحسن صاحب أبي حنيفة كوفي حدثنا أحمد بن محمد بن صدقة قال سمعت العباس بن محمد البصري يقول سمعت يحيى بن معين يقول محمد جهمي كذاب
[ضعفاء العقيلي - العقيلي - ج ٤ - الصفحة ٥٢]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
Muhammad ibn al-Hasan, the companion of Abu Hanifah, was from Kufa.
Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Sadaqah narrated to us, he said: I heard al-‘Abbas ibn Muhammad al-Basri (al-Duri) say: I heard Yahya ibn Ma‘in say: Muhammad is a Jahmi and a liar."
[Al-Du'afaa - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 52]
This is indeed an authentic narration, and Yahya ibn Ma'een said it. Yahya regarded Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Shaybani to be a liar and a Jahmi. He then later retracted his view on him being a liar and a Jahmi.
There are some narrations attributed to Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak that he criticized Abu Hanifa's status as a Faqih and Mujtahid.
These narrations are all inauthentic, and it is well-established that Ibn al-Mubarak actually praised Abu Hanifa highly for his Fiqh, offering significant praise.
Ibn al-Mubarak was a strong proponent of Abu Hanifa's Fiqh and studied under him for much of his life.
However, in his later years, he ceased praising Abu Hanifa due to Abu Hanifa's belief in certain destructive innovations. As a result, Ibn al-Mubarak felt he had no choice but to refrain from offering further praise.
أخبرنا البرقاني، أخبرنا أبو يحيى زنجويه بن حامد بن حمدان النصري الإسفراييني - إملاء - حدثنا أبو العباس السراج قال: سمعت أبا قدامة يقول: سمعت سلمة بن سليمان قال: قال رجل لابن المبارك: كان أبو حنيفة مجتهدا، قال: ما كان بخليق لذاك، كان يصبح نشيطا في الخوض إلى الظهر، ومن الظهر إلى العصر، ومن العصر إلى المغرب، ومن المغرب إلى العشاء، فمتى كان مجتهدا؟.
وسمعت أبا قدامة يقول: سمعت سلمة بن سليمان يقول: قال رجل لابن المبارك: أكان أبو حنيفة عالما؟ قال: لا، ما كان بخليق لذاك، ترك عطاء وأقبل على أبي العطوف.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٧]
Al-Barqani informed us, Abu Yahya Zanjwayh ibn Hamad ibn Hamdan al-Nasari al-Isfarayini (Majhul) dictated to us, Abu al-Abbas al-Siraj said: I heard Abu Qudama say: I heard Salama ibn Sulayman say: A man said to Ibn al-Mubarak: "Abu Hanifa was a mujtahid." He replied: "He was not worthy of that. He would be energetic in discussion from morning until midday, from midday until the afternoon, from the afternoon until sunset, and from sunset until the night prayer. So when was he a mujtahid?"
And I (Abu al-Abbas al-Siraj) heard Abu Qudama say: I heard Salama ibn Sulayman say: A man said to Ibn al-Mubarak: "Was Abu Hanifa a scholar?" He replied: "No, he was not deserving of that. He abandoned 'Ata and turned to Abu al-'Atuf."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 407]
If Ibn al-Mubarak meant to say that Abu Hanifa was not a scholar of Hadith, then he was right. As for scholar generally, Ibn al-Mubarak would never say that Abu Hanifa wasn't as such.
٣٩٢ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ، ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ السُّكَّرِيُّ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، أَنَّهُ سَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ عَنْ مَسْأَلَةٍ، فَحَدَّثَهُ فِيهَا، بِحَدِيثٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ: قَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ بِخِلَافِ هَذَا فَغَضِبَ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ غَضَبًا شَدِيدًا وَقَالَ: «أَرْوِي لَكَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَتَأْتِينِي بِرَأْي رَجُلٍ يَرُدُّ الْحَدِيثَ لَا حَدَّثْتُكُمُ الْيَوْمَ بِحَدِيثٍ، وَقَامَ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٤]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu al-Fadl al-Khurasani narrated to us, Hammad ibn Abi Hamza al-Sukkari (Majhul) narrated to us, from Salama ibn Sulayman, from Ibn al-Mubarak, that a man asked him about a matter, and he narrated to him a hadith from the Prophet (ﷺ).
The man then said: "Abu Hanifa says something contrary to this."
Ibn al-Mubarak became very angry and said: "I narrate to you from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and you come to me with the opinion of a man who rejects the hadith? I will not narrate a hadith to you today," and he stood up.
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 224]
There are also some narrations that contain oddities, that are narrated by either weak narrators or unknown ones.
Below you will find such narrations.
٣٦٥ - حَدَّثَنَا شَيْخٌ لَنَا بَصْرِيُّ، ثنا مُؤَمَّلُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ بْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَقَالَ، لَهُ رَجُلٌ: يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ تَحْفَظُ عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، شَيْئًا؟ قَالَ: «لَا وَلَا نَعِمَتْ عَيْنِي»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١٧]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
A Basri Sheikh (Majhul) from us narrated to us, Mu'ammal ibn Ismail said: "I heard Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah, and a man asked him: 'O Abu Muhammad, do you memorize anything from Abu Hanifa?' He replied: 'No, and may my eyes never be blessed.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 217]
This Basri Sheikh is Majhul, nor has this been narrated by other than him. So this narration cannot be taken.
أخبرنا عبد الله بن يحيى السكري والحسن بن أبي بكر ومحمد بن عمر النرسي. قالوا: أخبرنا محمد بن عبد الله بن إبراهيم الشافعي، حدثنا محمد بن يونس، حدثنا مؤمل بن إسماعيل - أبو عبد الرحمن - قال: سألت سفيان ابن عيينة، قلت: يا أبا محمد تحفظ عن أبي حنيفة شيئا؟ قال: لا، ولا نعمة عين.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٧]
Abdullah bin Yahya Al-Sukari, Al-Hasan bin Abi Bakr, and Muhammad bin Umar Al-Narsi informed us, saying: Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Ibrahim Al-Shafi'i narrated to us, who mentioned: Muhammad bin Yunus ⓘ told us, who said: Muammal bin Ismail - Abu Abd al-Rahman - said: I asked Sufyan bin Uyaynah, "O Abu Muhammad, do you remember anything from Abu Hanifa?" He replied: "No, not even a single good thing."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 417]
This narration is not true. Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah did benefit from Abu Hanifa in his early stage, but later he left Abu Hanifa and started criticizing him for various things.
أخبرني الحسن بن أبي طالب، حدثنا عبد الله بن عثمان بن محمد بن بيان الصفار، حدثنا علي بن محمد الفقيه المصري، حدثنا عصام بن الفضل الرازي قال:
سمعت المزني يقول: سمعت الشافعي يقول: ناظر أبو حنيفة رجلا فكان يرفع صوته في مناظرته إياه. فوقف عليه رجل فقال الرجل لأبي حنيفة: أخطأت، فقال أبو حنيفة للرجل: تعرف المسألة ما هي؟ قال: لا قال فكيف تعرف أني أخطأت؟ قال: أعرفك إذا كان لك الحجة ترفق بصاحبك، وإذا كانت عليك تشغب وتجلب.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٧]
Hassan ibn Abi Talib informed me, Abdullah ibn Osman ibn Muhammad ibn Bayan al-Saffar informed us, 'Ali ibn Muhammad al-Faqih al-Misri (Majhul) informed us, 'Issam ibn al-Fadl al-Razi (Majhul) said: I heard al-Muzani say: I heard al-Shafi'i say:
"Abu Hanifa debated a man, and he was raising his voice during the debate. A man stopped by and said to Abu Hanifa: 'You are mistaken.' Abu Hanifa replied to the man: 'Do you know what the issue is?' The man said: 'No.' Abu Hanifa then said: 'How can you say I am mistaken?' The man replied: 'I recognize you. When you have the argument, you are gentle with your opponent, but when the argument is against you, you become argumentative and noisy.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 407]
أخبرنا القاضي أبو العلاء محمد بن علي الواسطي، حدثنا عبد الله ابن محمد بن عثمان المزني - بواسط - حدثنا طريف بن عبد الله قال: سمعت ابن أبي شيبة - وذكر أبا حنيفة - فقال: أراه كان يهوديا.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٥]
Al-Qadi Abu al-‘Alaa Muhammad bin Ali al-Wasiti told us, Abdullah bin Muhammad bin 'Uthman al-Muzani from Wasit, Tarif bin Abdullah ⓘ said: 'I heard Ibn Abi Shaybah mention Abu Hanifa and he said: I think he was a Jew.'
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 415]
أخبرنا ابن رزق، أخبرنا ابن سلم، حدثنا الأبار، حدثنا أبو الأزهري النيسابوري، حدثنا حبيب كاتب مالك بن أنس عن مالك بن أنس قال: كانت فتنة أبي حنيفة أضر على هذه الأمة من فتنة إبليس في الوجهين جميعا، في الإرجاء، وما وضع من نقص السنن.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٦]
Ibn Rizq informed us, Ibn Salim informed us, Al-Abar informed us, Abu Al-Azhari Al-Naysaburi informed us, Habib the scribe of Malik bin Anas ⓘ informed us:
Malik bin Anas said: "The fitnah (trial) of Abu Hanifa was more harmful to this Ummah than the fitnah of Iblis in two aspects, in the matter of irja and in the matter of what he reduced of the Sunnah."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 396]
Imam Malik may have not used this exact wording that Habib narrated. But Malik did criticize Abu Hanifa, so the overall negativity is correct, but the exact wordings cannot be taken due to the weakness of Habib.
أخبرنا الخلال، أخبرنا الحريري أن النخعي حدثهم قال: حدثنا عبد الله بن غنام، حدثنا محمد بن الشعر بن مالك بن مغول قال: سمعت إسماعيل بن حماد بن أبي حنيفة يقول: قال أبو حنيفة: إن ابن أبي ليلى ليستحل مني مالا استحل من بهيمة.
[تاريخ بغداد - المجلد ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٧]
Al-Khallal told us, Al-Hariri informed us, and Al-Nakha'i told them, saying: 'Abdullah ibn Ghanam informed us, Muhammad ibn Sha'ar ibn Malik ibn Maghul told us, and I heard Ismail ibn Hamad ibn Abi Hanifa say: Abu Hanifa said: "Indeed, Ibn Abi Layla seeks from me to make permitted which I would not even permit from an animal."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 377]
Isma'il ibn Hammad ibn Abi Hanifa is the grandson of Abu Hanifa, and he did not hear from Abu Hanifa, thus a disconnected chain. Besides that, Isma'il ibn Hammad ibn Abi Hanifa was a Jahmi.
أخبرنا محمد بن عبيد الله الحنائي، أخبرنا محمد بن عبد الله بن إبراهيم الشافعي، حدثني عمر بن الهيصم البزاز، أخبرنا عبد الله بن سعيد - بقصر ابن هبيرة - حدثني أبي أن أباه أخبره. أن ابن أبي ليلى كان يتمثل بهذه الأبيات:
إلى شنآن المرجئين ورأيهم * عمر بن ذر، وابن قيس الماصر وعتيبة الدباب لا نرضى به * وأبو حنيفة شيخ سوء كافر.
في أبيات ذكرها.
[تاريخ بغداد - المجلد ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٧]
Muhammad ibn Ubayd Allah al-Hana'i informed us, Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Ibrahim al-Shafi'i told us, Umar ibn al-Haysam al-Bazzaz informed us, Abdullah ibn Sa'id—at the residence of Ibn Hubayra—told me that his father informed him from his father (Majhūlūn) that Ibn Abi Layla used to recite these verses:
"To the hatred of the Murji'ah and their view,
‘Umar ibn Dharr, and Ibn Qays al-Masir,
and ‘Utaybah al-Dabbab, we do not accept him,
and Abu Hanifa, an evil kafir."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 377]
This narration is not authentic due to the unknown narrators mentioned. Besides that, Ibn Abi Layla is not known of making takfir of Abu Hanifa.
أخبرني عبد الباقي بن عبد الكريم قال: أخبرنا عبد الرحمن بن عمر الخلال، حدثنا محمد بن أحمد بن يعقوب، حدثني جدي قال: حدثني علي بن ياسر، حدثني عبد الرحمن بن الحكم بن شتر بن سلمان عن أبيه - أو غيره وأكبر ظني أنه عن غير أبيه - قال: كنت عند حماد بن أبي سليمان إذ أقبل أبو حنيفة، فلما رآه حماد، قال: لا مرحبا ولا أهلا، إن سلم فلا تردوا عليه، وإن جلس فلا توسعوا له. قال: فجاء أبو حنيفة فجلس، فتكلم حماد بشئ، فرده عليه أبو حنيفة، فأخذ حماد كفا من حصى فرمى به.
[تاريخ بغداد - الجزء ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٨]
Abd al-Baqi ibn Abdul Karim told me, he said: Abdul Rahman ibn Omar al-Khallal informed us, Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Ya'qub told us, my grandfather told me, Ali ibn Yasir told me, Abdul Rahman ibn al-Hakam ibn Shatr ibn Salman narrated from his father — or from someone else, and I am more inclined to believe it was from someone else — he said:
I was with Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman when Abu Hanifa came. When Hamad saw him, he said: "No welcome, no greeting. If he greets, do not respond to him, and if he sits, do not make room for him." Abu Hanifa came and sat down. Hamad spoke something, and Abu Hanifa responded to him. Then Hamad took a handful of pebbles and threw them at him.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 378]
There is a major uncertainty in the chain of narrators, thus this narration cannot be viewed as authentic.
Some believe that Abu Hanifa viewed the Iman of the Angels to be the same as that of the Muslims. This is not correct, he never believed that, nor did he ever propogate that.
Such view is from the extreme Murjiah, those who were critiqued by Abu Hanifa himself.
As for Abu Hanifa, he views it to be an innovation to say that our Iman is the same as of the Angels.
حدثنا أبو طالب يحيى بن علي بن الطيب الدسكري - لفظا بحلوان - أخبرنا أبو يعقوب يوسف بن إبراهيم بن موسى بن إبراهيم السهمي - بجرجان - حدثنا أبو شافع معبد بن جمعة الروياني، حدثنا أحمد بن هشام بن طويل قال: سمعت القاسم بن عثمان يقول: مر أبو حنيفة بسكران يبول قائما، فقال أبو حنيفة: لو بلت جالسا؟ قال: فنظر في وجهه، وقال: ألا تمر يا مرجىء؟ قال له أبو حنيفة: هذا جزائي منك؟ صيرت إيمانك كإيمان جبريل!
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٠]
Abu Talib Yahya ibn Ali ibn al-Tayyib al-Daskari narrated to us – verbally in Helwan – Abu Ya'qub Yusuf ibn Ibrahim ibn Musa ibn Ibrahim al-Sahmi narrated to us – in Jurjan – Abu Shaafi' Ma'bad ibn Jam'ah al-Ruwayani ⓘ narrated to us, Ahmad ibn Hisham ibn Tawil narrated to us, who said: I heard al-Qasim ibn 'Uthman say:
Abu Hanifa passed by a drunk man urinating while standing, so Abu Hanifa said: "Would you not urinate sitting?" The man looked at him and said: "Would you pass by, O Murji?" Abu Hanifa replied: "Is this my reward from you after you have made your faith equal to that of Jibril?!"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 370]
This specific narration cannot be authentic, due to the narrator (though thiqah) being known to narrate many Manakir, and this one seems to be one of them.
The evidence for this narration to be munkar is because Abu Hanifa believes it to be an innovation to compare one's Iman to the Angels, so he could have not said it himself.
حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَفْصٍ، حَدَّثَنا حفص بن طرخان، حَدَّثَنا غسان بن الفضل، حَدَّثَنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، قالَ: قُلتُ لأبي حنيفة أن جابرا روى عنك وإنك تقول إيماني كإيمان جبريل وميكائيل قَال: مَا قلت هذا، ومَنْ قَالَ هذا فهو مبتدع قَالَ فذكرت ذلك لمحمد بْن الحسن صاحب الرأي قول حَمَّاد بْن زيد فَقَالَ صدق حَمَّاد إن أَبَا حنيفة كَانَ يكره أن يَقُول ذلك.
[الكامل في ضعفاء الرجال نویسنده : ابن عدي جلد : 8 صفحه : 240]
Ibn 'Adiy mentioned:
Ahmad ibn Hafs narrated to us, Hafs ibn Tarikhan narrated to us, Ghassan ibn al-Fadl narrated to us, Hamad ibn Zayd narrated to us, saying: I said to Abu Hanifa, 'Jabir has narrated from you, and you say that my Eman is like the Eman of Jibril and Mikail.'
He (Abu Hanifa) replied, 'I did not say this. Whoever says this is an innovator.'
I (Ghassan ibn al-Fadl) mentioned this to Muhammad ibn al-Hasan, Saahib al-Raiyy, and he said, 'Hamad is correct (Jabir did narrate from him). And indeed, Abu Hanifa disliked saying this (regarding the saying 'my Iman is like the Iman of Jibril and Mikail').'"
[Al-Kaamil - Ibn 'Adiy - Volume 8 - Page 240]
Some have said that Abu Hanifa viewed it to be okay to worship a shoe if he believes it will bring him closer to Allah. This is outright disbelief, and Abu Hanifa never said this.
There are some narrations about it, but they are weak and cannot be taken due to a lack of supportive evidence of Abu Hanifa having said so.
أخبرنا محمد بن الحسين بن الفضل القطان، أخبرنا عبد الله بن جعفر بن درستويه، حدثنا يعقوب بن سفيان، حدثني علي بن عثمان بن نفيل، حدثنا أبو مسهر، حدثنا يحيى بن حمزة - وسعيد يسمع - أن أبا حنيفة قال: لو أن رجلا عبد هذه النعل يتقرب بها إلى الله، لم أر بذلك بأسا. فقال سعيد: هذا الكفر صراحا.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٦٩]
Muhammad ibn al-Husayn ibn al-Fadl al-Qattan narrated to us, from Abdullah ibn Ja'far ibn Durasawayh, from Ya'qub ibn Sufyan, from Ali ibn Uthman ibn Nufayl, from Abu Mushir, who narrated from Yahya ibn Hamzah – while Said was listening – that Abu Hanifa said: "If a man worships this sandal to seek closeness to Allah, I would not see anything wrong with that." Said then said: "This is clear kufr (disbelief)."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 369]
«حَدَّثَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ نفيل حدثنا ابو مسهر حدثنا يحي بْنُ حَمْزَةَ- وَسَعِيدٌ يسمع-: أَنَّ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ قَالَ: لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا عَبَدَ هَذِهِ النَّعْلَ يَتَقَرَّبُ بِهَا إِلَى اللَّهِ لَمْ أَرَ بِذَلِكَ بَأْسًا. فَقَالَ سَعِيدٌ: هَذَا الْكُفْرُ صَرَاحًا».
[المعرفة والتاريخ - الفسوي - الجزء ٢ - الصفحة ٧٨٤]
Al-Fassawi mentioned:
'Ali ibn Uthman ibn Nufayl narrated to us, Abu Mushir narrated to us, Yahya ibn Hamza narrated to us – and Sa'id was listening: 'Abu Hanifa said that if a man worshiped this shoe, drawing closer to Allah with it, I would not see anything wrong with that.' Sa'eed said: 'This is outright disbelief.'
[Al-Ma'rifah wal-Tarikh - Al-Fassawi - Volume 2 - Page 784]
Though the Isnad is Sahih, the content contradicts the teachings of Abu Hanifa, nor did any of his students narrate this from him. Thus this narration cannot be taken.
It is highly likely that Yahya ibn Hamzah got informed about this through the narration of al-Qasim ibn Habib, who said that he placed a sandal on gravel and asked Abu Hanifa whether it would be okay to worship it.
And that narration of al-Qasim ibn Habib cannot be taken, due to his weakness as a narrator.
أخبرنا ابن رزق، أخبرنا أحمد بن جعفر بن سلم، حدثنا أحمد بن علي الأبار، حدثنا عبد الأعلى بن واصل، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا ابن فضيل عن القاسم بن حبيب قال: وضعت نعلي في الحصى ثم قلت لأبي حنيفة: أرأيت رجلا صلى لهذه النعل حتى مات، إلا أنه يعرف الله بقلبه؟ فقال: مؤمن. فقلت: لا أكلمك أبدا.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٠]
Ibn Rizq narrated to us, Ahmad ibn Ja'far ibn Salam narrated to us, Ahmad ibn Ali al-Abar narrated to us, Abdul-A'la ibn Wasil narrated to us, my father narrated to us, Ibn Fadhil narrated to us from al-Qasim ibn Habib ⓘ who said: I placed my sandal on the gravel and then said to Abu Hanifa: "What would you say about a man who prayed to this sandal until he died, but he knew God with his heart?" He said: "He is a believer." I replied: "I will never speak to you again."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 370]
This exact narration cannot be relied upon, due to the weakness of Al-Qasim ibn Habib, and him narrating this oddity, which none of the students of Abu Hanifa ever propogated or narrated from Abu Hanifa.
There are some narrations which say that Abu Hanifa said that the Iman of Adam and Iblis are the same, also the Iman of Abu Bakr and Iblis are the same.
These narrations have been reported, and their Isnad is authentic. However, it does not mean that the content is also authentic.
Abu Hanifa did not view Iblis to have the same Iman as Abu Bakr, let alone Prophet Adam.
What he meant to say was-if the narration is authentic-that both Iblis and Abu Bakr believe Allah exists. But as for their ruling, Iblis is a kafir for having commited Kufr, and Abu Bakr is a Muslim.
This is how the narration should be understood, and no other interpretation can be correct, as Abu Hanifa viewed Iblis to be a kafir. And he viewed Abu Bakr to be the best companion of the Prophet.
Only a liar would fabricate that Abu Hanifa viewed Iblis to be a Muslim.
حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ الْفَرَّاءِ عَنِ الْفَزَارِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ: إِيمَانُ آدَمَ وَإِيمَانُ إِبْلِيسَ وَاحِدٌ، قَالَ إِبْلِيسُ رَبِّ بما أغويتني، وَقَالَ رَبِّ فَأَنْظِرْنِي إِلَى يَوْمِ يُبْعَثُونَ، وَقَالَ آدم ربنا ظلمنا أنفسنا.
[المعرفة والتاريخ - الفسوي - المجلد ٢ - الصفحة ٧٨٨-٧٨٩]
Al-Fassawi mentioned:
Abu Bakr told us from Abu Salih al-Farra from al-Fazari, who said: Abu Hanifa said: "The faith of Adam and the faith of Iblis is one. Iblis said: 'My Lord, because You have led me astray,' and he said, 'My Lord, then grant me respite until the Day they are resurrected.' And Adam said: 'Our Lord, we have wronged ourselves.'"
[Al-Ma'rifah wal-Tarikh - Al-Fassawi - Volume 2 - Page 788-789]
أخبرنا أبو القاسم عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن عبد الله السراج - بنيسابور - أخبرنا أبو الحسن أحمد بن محمد بن عبدوس الطرائفي، حدثنا عثمان بن سعيد الدارمي، حدثنا محبوب بن موسى الأنطاكي قال: سمعت أبا إسحاق الفزاري يقول: سمعت أبا حنيفة يقول: إيمان أبي بكر الصديق، وإيمان إبليس واحد، قال إبليس يا رب، وقال أبو بكر الصديق يا رب. قال أبو إسحاق: ومن كان من المرجئة ثم لم يقل هذا. انكسر عليه قوله.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٦٩]
Abu al-Qasim Abdul-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn Abdullah al-Saraj – from Naysabur – narrated to us, Abu al-Hasan Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abdus al-Turayfi narrated to us, Uthman ibn Said al-Darimi narrated to us, Mahbub ibn Musa al-Antaki (Abu Salih al-Farra) said: I heard Abu Ishaq al-Fazari say: I heard Abu Hanifa say: "The faith of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq and the faith of Iblis are the same. Iblis said: 'O my Lord,' and Abu Bakr al-Siddiq said: 'O my Lord.'"
Abu Ishaq said: "And whoever was from the Murjiah and did not say this, his statement is broken."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 369]
Al-Fazari says that whoever believes from the Murjiah that the Iman of Abu Bakr and Iblis is not the same, is contradicting his own belief.
This is the understanding of al-Fazari, and he is talking about the Murjiah of the Jahmiyyah, as they believe one must only acknowledge Allah in order to be a believer.
This is not the belief of Abu Hanifa and his students, as they made clear that Iman is both belief and statement, contradicting the Jahmiyyah.
It could be the case that Abu Hanifa was talking about that both Iblis and Abu Bakr believe Allah exists. And this is correct, but he did not intend to say that Iblis is a believer.
And it could be that this is the assumption of al-Fazari, that he says that what Abu Hanifa says leads to saying that Iblis and Abu Bakr have the same Iman. But this is wrong, and Abu Hanifa does not believe they have the same Iman, as he believes Iblis is a disbeliever.
أخبرنا ابن الفضل، أخبرنا عبد الله بن جعفر، حدثنا يعقوب بن سفيان، حدثنا أبو بكر الحميدي عن أبي صالح الفراء عن الفزاري قال: قال أبو حنيفة: إيمان آدم، وإيمان إبليس واحد. قال إبليس: * (رب بما أغويتني) * [الحجر 39]، وقال: * (رب فأنظرني إلى يوم يبعثون) * [الحجر 36] وقال آدم: * (ربنا ظلمنا أنفسنا) * [الأعراف 23].
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٠]
Ibn al-Fadl narrated to us, Abdullah ibn Ja'far narrated to us, Ya'qub ibn Sufyan narrated to us, Abu Bakr al-Humaydi narrated from Abu Salih al-Farra from al-Fazari, who said: Abu Hanifa said: "The faith of Adam and the faith of Iblis are one. Iblis said: 'My Lord, because You have led me astray' [al-Hijr 39], and said: 'My Lord, then delay me until the Day they are resurrected' [al-Hijr 36], and Adam said: 'Our Lord, we have wronged ourselves' [al-A'raf 23]."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 370]
Besides the fact that this is not narrated by any of Abu Hanifa's students, it can be understood in different ways.
Abu Hanifa would have meant to say that both Adam and Iblis believe in the existence of Allah.
This does not mean that Iblis is a believer, as Iblis has commited kufr, and Abu Hanifa acknowledges that.
٣٧٠ - حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، نا أَبُو صَالِحٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْفَزَارِيَّ
٣٧١ - وَحَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، نا أَبُو تَوْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْفَزَارِيِّ، قَالَ: " كَانَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ يَقُولُ إِيمَانُ إِبْلِيسَ وَإِيمَانُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ وَاحِدٌ، قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: يَا رَبِّ , وَقَالَ إِبْلِيسُ: يَا رَبِّ "
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١٩]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Harun narrated to us, Abu Salih narrated to us, who said: "I heard al-Fazari say."
Ibrahim ibn Sa'id narrated to us, Abu Tawbah narrated to us, from Abu Ishaq al-Fazari, who said: "Abu Hanifa used to say: 'The faith of Iblis and the faith of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) are one. Abu Bakr said: "O my Lord," and Iblis said: "O my Lord."'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 219]
It could mean that Abu Hanifa said that both Iblis and Abu Bakr believe in Allah, and this is true.
But it does not mean that both Iblis and Abu Bakr have the same Eman due to their belief in Allah.
This is also not what Abu Hanifa intended to say, as he acknowledges Iblis to be a kafir, and Abu Bakr to be a Muslim, radiyAllahu 'anhu. Their Eman is not the same, only the Jahmiyyah would believe so.
And it has been made clear that Abu Hanifa holds the Irja of the 'Murjiatul Fuqaha', and they do not believe one to be a believer based on acknowledging Allah's existence (like the Jahmiyyah believe).
There are some narrations about dreams that contain critique of Abu Hanifa. These are not authentic, as they contain unknown people in the chain.
أخبرني الخلال، حدثنا أبو الفضل عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن بن محمد الزهري، حدثنا عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن أبو محمد السكري، حدثنا العباس بن عبيد الله الترقفي قال: سمعت الفريابي يقول: كنا في مجلس سعيد بن عبد العزيز بدمشق فقال رجل: رأيت فيما يرى النائم كأن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قد دخل من باب الشرقي - يعني باب المسجد - ومعه أبو بكر وعمر، وذكر غير واحد من الصحابة، وفي القوم رجل وسخ الثياب رث الهيئة، فقال: تدري من ذا؟ قلت: لا، قال: هذا أبو حنيفة، هذا ممن أعين بعقله على الفجور. فقال له سعيد بن عبد العزيز: أنا أشهد أنك صادق، لولا أنك رأيت هذا. لم يكن الحسن يقول هذا.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٤]
I was informed by Al-Khallal, who said: Abu al-Fadl Abdullah bin Abdul Rahman bin Muhammad al-Zuhri informed us, from Abdullah bin Abdul-Rahman Abu Muhammad al-Sukari, from Al-Abbas bin Ubaidullah Al-Tarqafi, who said: I heard Al-Firyabi say: We were in a gathering with Sa'id bin Abdul-Aziz in Damascus when a man said:
"I saw in a dream as if the Prophet (ﷺ) entered through the eastern gate – meaning the gate of the mosque – accompanied by Abu Bakr and Umar, along with other companions.
Among the people was a man dressed in dirty clothes with a shabby appearance." He asked: "Do you know who this is?" I replied: "No." He said: "This is Abu Hanifa, one who is helped by his intellect towards wickedness."
Sa'id bin Abdul-Aziz then said: "I testify that you are truthful, for had you not seen this, al-Hasan would not have said this."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 414]
It does not say which al-Hasan is meant here. We believe it is either al-Hasan ibn Ali (grandson of the Prophet), or al-Hasan al-Basri.
The man who related this dream is not mentioned, he is unknown, and whether he is honest is also unknown. Sa'id ibn Abdul-Aziz accepted it from him, due to the saying of al-Hasan, and this was his understanding.
٣٦٦ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي عَوْنٍ الْمَدِينِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الرَّدَّادِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِي حَمَّادٍ السَّقْلَبِيِّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سَعِيدًا الْأَزْرَقَ، يَقُولُ: رَأَيْتُ كَأَنِّيَ عَلَى قَبْرِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَنَا أُسَوِّي التُّرَابَ عَلَيْهِ إِذِ انْشَقَّ الْقَبْرُ فَخَرَجَ بِأَبِي وَأُمِّي صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَجَلَسَ عَلَى شَفِيرِ الْقَبْرِ فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَأُمِّي: ادْعُ اللَّهَ لِي بِالشَّهَادَةِ، فَقَالَ اللَّهُمَّ ارْزُقْ أَبَا عُثْمَانَ الشَّهَادَةَ، ثُمَّ سَكَتَ هُنَيَّةً ثُمَّ قُلْتُ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَأُمِّي يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ ادْعُ لِي بِالشَّهَادَةِ، قَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ ارْزُقْ أَبَا عُثْمَانَ الشَّهَادَةَ، ثُمَّ سَكَتَ هُنَيَّةً ثُمَّ قُلْتُ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَأُمِّي يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ ادْعُ لِي بِالشَّهَادَةِ، قَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ ارْزُقْ أَبَا عُثْمَانَ الشَّهَادَةَ، يَا سَعِيدُ إِنْ تَرَ أَنْ تَرِدَ عَلَى الْحَوْضِ فَلَا تَعْمَلَنَّ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ قَوْلِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١٨]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu Bakr ibn Abi Awn al-Madani narrated to us, Abu Bakr al-Raddadi (Majhul) narrated to us from Abu Hamad al-Saqalbi (Majhul), who said: "I saw in a dream as though I was at the grave of the Prophet, peace be upon him, ... and he said: O Sa'eed, if you want to drink from the pond (Hawd), do not follow anything from the words of Abu Hanifa.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 218]
أخبرني أبو الفتح محمد بن المظفر بن إبراهيم الخياط، حدثنا محمد بن علي بن عطية المكي، حدثنا محمد بن خالد الأموي، حدثنا علي بن الحسن القرشي، حدثنا علي بن حرب قال: سمعت محمد بن عامر الطائي - وكان خيرا - يقول: ما رأيت في النوم كأن الناس مجتمعون على درج دمشق، إذ خرج شيخ ملبب بشيخ، فقال: أيها الناس إن هذا بدل دين محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم فقلت لرجل إلى جنبي: من ذان الشيخان، فقال: هذا أبو بكر الصديق ملبب بأبي حنيفة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٤]
Abu al-Fath Muhammad bin al-Muthaffar bin Ibrahim al-Khayyat narrated to me, saying: Muhammad bin 'Ali bin 'Atiyyah al-Makki told us, who in turn heard from Muhammad bin Khalid al-Amawi (Majhul), who was informed by Ali bin al-Hassan al-Qurashi (Majhul), who relayed that Ali bin Harb said: "I heard Muhammad bin Amer al-Tai, a virtuous man, say:
"I saw in a dream as if the people were gathered on the steps of Damascus. Then an old man appeared, dragging another old man by his collar. He said, 'O people, this man has changed the religion of Muhammad (ﷺ).' So I said to a man next to me, 'Who are these two old men?' He replied, 'This is Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, dragging Abu Hanifa.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 414]
أخبرنا عبد الكبير بن عمر الخطابي بالبصرة قال: حدثنا على بن جندب قال:
حدثنا محمد بن عامر الطائي قال: رأيت كأني واقف على درج مسجد دمشق في جماعة من الناس فخرج شيخ ملبب شيخا وهو يقول: أيها الناس إن هذا غير دين محمد.
قال: فقلت لرجل إلى جنبي: من هذين لشيخين؟ قال: هذا أبو بكر الصديق ملبب أبا حنيفة.
[كتاب المجروحين - ابن حبان - ج ٣ - الصفحة ٦٦]
Ibn Hibban mentioned:
‘Abd al-Kabir ibn ‘Umar al-Khattabi in Basra informed us, who said: ‘Ali ibn Jundub (Majhul) narrated to us, who said: Muhammad ibn ‘Amir al-Ta’i narrated to us, who said:
"I saw in a dream that I was standing on the steps of the mosque of Damascus among a group of people. Then an old man appeared, dragging another old man by his collar, saying: 'O people, this man has altered the religion of Muhammad.'
I said to a man next to me: 'Who are these two elders?' He said: 'This is Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, dragging Abu Hanifa.'"
[Kitab al-Majruhin - Volume 3 - Page 66]
أخبرنا البرقاني، أخبرنا أبو بكر الحبابي الخوارزمي - بها - قال: سمعت أبا محمد عبد الله بن أبي القاضي يقول: سمعت محمد بن حماد يقول: رأيت النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في المنام، فقلت: يا رسول الله، ما تقول في النظر في كلام أبي حنيفة وأصحابه، وأنظر فيها وأعمل عليها؟ قال، لا، لا، لا، ثلاث مرات. قلت: فما تقول في النظر في حديثك وحديث أصحابك، أنظر فيها وأعمل عليها؟ قال: نعم، نعم، نعم ثلاث مرات. ثم قلت: يا رسول الله، علمني دعاء أدعو به، فعلمني دعاء وقاله لي ثلاث مرات، فلما استيقظت نسيته.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٣]
Al-Barqani informed us, Abu Bakr al-Habbabi al-Khwarizmi narrated to us, I heard Abu Muhammad Abdullah bin Abi al-Qadi (Majhul) say: I heard Muhammad bin Hamad say: "I saw the Prophet, peace be upon him, in a dream, and I said: 'O Messenger of Allah, what do you say about looking into the words of Abu Hanifa and his companions, studying them and acting upon them?' He replied: 'No, no, no,' three times.
I then asked: 'What do you say about looking into your Hadith and the Hadith of your companions, studying them and acting upon them?' He replied: 'Yes, yes, yes,' three times.
I then said: 'O Messenger of Allah, teach me a supplication that I may pray.' He taught me a supplication and said it to me three times. When I woke up, I forgot it."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 403]
٣١٨ - حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ، ثنا أَبُو صَالِحٍ مَحْبُوبُ بْنُ مُوسَى الْفَرَّاءُ، عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ، قَالَ: " قَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ: لَوْ أَدْرَكَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَأَخَذَ بِكَثِيرٍ مِنْ قَوْلِي "
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٠٦]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ibrahim said: Abu Salih Mahbub ibn Musa al-Farra' narrated to us from Yusuf ibn Asbat ⓘ, who said: "Abu Hanifa said: 'If the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, had reached me, he would have accepted many of my views.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 206]
٣٩٩ - حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، نا أَبُو صَالِحٍ، سَمِعْتُ يُوسُفَ، يَقُولُ: كَانَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ يَقُولُ «لَوْ أَدْرَكَنِي النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَوْ أَدْرَكْتُهُ لَأَخَذَ بِكَثِيرٍ مِنِّي وَمِنْ قُولِي وَهَلِ الدِّينُ إِلَّا الرَّأْي»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٦]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Harun narrated to me, saying: "Abu Salih ⓘ told us, I heard Yusuf (ibn Asbat) ⓘ say: 'Abu Hanifa used to say: "If the Prophet, peace be upon him, had met me or if I had met him, he would have adopted many of my views and sayings. And is there anything in religion except opinion?""'
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 226]
This narration cannot be relied on, as Yusuf ibn Asbat makes many mistakes. And even if it was authentic, its interpretation could be the following:
Abu Hanifa would have meant to say that if the Prophet were alive at his time, he would have verified that Abu Hanifa is right in many of his Fiqh rulings.
Some take this narration of Yusuf ibn Asbat and say that Abu Hanifa meant to say that the Prophet would follow Abu Hanifa, in the sense of making him a figure of authority. This is never what Abu Hanifa meant to say, if this narration of Yusuf ibn Asbat would be authentic.
And as for Yusuf's saying that Abu Hanifa said that religion is none but Raiyy, this is false, Abu Hanifa himself does not view religion that way. He views it be from the Quran, then the Sunnah, upon the understanding of the Sahaba. And if he does not find a certain issue mentioned by those sources, then he goes forth and expresses Ijtihad with Qiyas and Raiyy. This is what Islam is.
أخبرنا ابن رزق، أخبرنا أحمد بن جعفر بن سلم، حدثنا أحمد بن علي الأبار، حدثنا إبراهيم بن سعيد، حدثنا محبوب بن موسى قال: سمعت يوسف ابن أسباط يقول: قال أبو حنيفة: لو أدركني رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وأدركته لأخذ بكثير من قولي.
قال: وسمعت أبا إسحاق يقول: كان أبو حنيفة يجيئه الشئ عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فيخالفه إلى غيره.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٨٦]
Ibn Rizq told us, Ahmad ibn Ja'far ibn Sallam told us, Ahmad ibn Ali al-Abar told us, Ibrahim ibn Sa'id told us, Mahboub ibn Musa ⓘ said: I heard Yusuf ibn Asbat ⓘ say:
Abu Hanifa said: "If the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, had reached me and I had reached him, he would have accepted many of my views."
He (Mahboub ibn Musa) said: "And I heard Abu Ishaq (al-Fazari) say: Abu Hanifa would be presented with something from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and he would oppose it with something else."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 386]
What al-Fazari said is also what al-Awza'ee related. This was one of the great issues the Salaf Saliheen criticized him for.
Abu Hanifa would be presented by an authentic narration, but he would follow the customs of Kufah, as he viewed that the narration must have been either abbrogated or contained some weakness. He viewed the customs of Kufah to be a Hujjah, just like Imam Malik viewed it as such with Madinah.
This is what is meant with "Abu Hanifa would be presented with something from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and he would oppose it with something else."
Anyone who claims that Abu Hanifa deliberately rejected an authentic narration without any valid reason is considered a liar. As this was not how the Salaf Saliheen viewed Abu Hanifa.
Rather, their criticism was directed at his practice of prioritizing the customs of Kufah over certain authentic narrations.
And if anyone finds fault in that, he should find fault with Imam Malik as well, as he did the exact same.
أخبرنا القاضي أبو القاسم عبد الواحد بن محمد بن عثمان البجلي، حدثنا عمر بن محمد بن عمر بن الفياض، حدثنا أبو طلحة أحمد بن محمد بن عبد الكريم الوساوسي، حدثنا عبد الله بن خبيق، حدثنا أبو صالح الفراء قال: سمعت يوسف بن أسباط يقول: رد أبو حنيفة على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أربعمائة حديث - أو أكثر - قلت له: يا أبا محمد تعرفها؟ قال نعم. قلت: أخبرني بشئ منها: فقال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: " للفرس سهمان، وللرجل سهم " قال أبو حنيفة: أنا لا أجعل سهم بهيمة أكثر من سهم المؤمن وأشعر رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وأصحابه البدن وقال أبو حنيفة: الإشعار مثلة. وقال صلى الله عليه وسلم: " البيعان بالخيار ما لم يتفرقا " وقال أبو حنيفة: إذا وجب البيع فلا خيار. وكان النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يقرع بين نسائه إذا أراد أن يخرج في سفر، وأقرع أصحابه. وقال أبو حنيفة القرعة قمار. وقال أبو حنيفة: لو أدركني النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وأدركته لأخذ بكثير من قولي، وهل الدين إلا الرأي الحسن؟.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٠]
Qadi Abu al-Qasim Abd al-Wahid ibn Muhammad ibn Osman al-Bajali told us, Omar ibn Muhammad ibn Omar ibn al-Fayyad told us, Abu Talhah Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abd al-Karim al-Wasawasi told us, Abdullah ibn Khabik told us:
Abu Salih al-Farra said: "I heard Yusuf ibn Asbat ⓘ say: 'Abu Hanifa rejected 400 hadiths — or more — from the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him.
I (Abu Salih al-Farra) asked him: 'O Abu Muhammad, do you know them?' He said: 'Yes.' I then asked him: 'Tell me something from them.'
He said: 'The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "The horse has two shares, and the man has one share." Abu Hanifa replied: "I do not consider the share of an animal to be greater than the share of a believer."
He also contradicted the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and his companions regarding the matter of haircuts, saying: 'Shaving the head is mutilation.'
The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "The two parties have the option as long as they have not parted." Abu Hanifa replied: "Once the sale is due, there is no option."
The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, used to cast lots between his wives when he intended to travel, and he used to cast lots for his companions as well. Abu Hanifa said: 'Casting lots is gambling.'
Abu Hanifa also said: 'If the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, had met me and I had met him, he would have taken many of my opinions.' And he asked: 'Isn't religion nothing but sound reasoning?'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 390]
Here we can see Yusuf ibn Asbat, mentioning that Abu Hanifa had incorrect views, and then at the end, he said: "Abu Hanifa also said: 'If the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, had met me and I had met him, he would have taken many of my opinions.'"
To one who understands, he would see that Yusuf ibn Asbat understood Abu Hanifa's saying to mean: 'If the Prophet met me, he would have accepted many of my views in Fiqh'.
So it does not mean that Abu Hanifa meant to say that the Prophet would have made him an authority figure to be followed, and that the Prophet would become a follower of Abu Hanifa, as if Abu Hanifa was a Prophet. Only one who does not understand would interpret it this way.
One should take the correct interpretation, just like Yusuf ibn Asbat understood it.
Yusuf ibn Asbat mentioned in the narration multiple points which he views to contradict the teachings of the Prophet, in order to invalidate Abu Hanifa's saying that the Prophet would have accepted many of his views.
Abu Hanifa was narrated to say that Paradise and Hell will eventually perish. He never said it, nor believed in it.
And this shows that people narrated things about Abu Hanifa that he never believed, nor said.
أخبرنا الحسن بن علي الجوهري، حدثنا محمد بن العباس الخزاز، حدثنا محمد بن القاسم البزاز، حدثنا عبد الله بن أبي سعد قال: حدثني أبو عبد الرحمن عبد الخالق بن منصور النيسابوري قال: سمعت أبا داود المصاحفي قال: سمعت أبا مطيع يقول: قال أبو حنيفة: إن كانت الجنة والنار مخلوقتين فإنهما تفنيان.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٨٦]
Al-Hasan ibn Ali al-Jawhari told us, Muhammad ibn al-Abbas al-Khazzaz told us, Muhammad ibn al-Qasim al-Bazzaz told us, Abdullah ibn Abi Saad told us, Abu Abdul-Rahman Abdul Khaliq ibn Mansour al-Naysaburi told me, and I heard Abu Dawood al-Musahafi say: I heard Abu Muti' ⓘ say: Abu Hanifa said: "If Paradise and Hell are created, they will eventually perish."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 386]
أخبرنا محمد بن الحسين بن الفضل، حدثنا علي بن إبراهيم النجاد، حدثنا محمد بن إسحاق السراج قال: سمعت إبراهيم بن أبي طالب يقول: سمعت عبد الله ابن عثمان بن الرماح يقول: سمعت أبا مطيع البلخي يقول: سمعت أبا حنيفة يقول:
إن كانت الجنة والنار خلقتا فإنهما تفنيان. قال أبو مطيع: وكذب والله، قال السراج:
وكذب والله، قال النجاد: وكذب والله، قال تعالى: * (أكلها دائم) * [الرعد 35] قال ابن الفضل: وكذب والله.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٨٦]
Muhammad ibn al-Husayn ibn al-Fadl told us, Ali ibn Ibrahim al-Najad told us, Muhammad ibn Ishaq al-Siraj told us, I heard Ibrahim ibn Abi Talib say: I heard Abdullah ibn Uthman ibn al-Ramah say: I heard Abu Muti' al-Balkhi ⓘ say: I heard Abu Hanifa say: "If Paradise and Hell were created, they would eventually perish."
Abu Mut’i said: "And by Allah, this is a lie." Al-Siraj said: "And by Allah, this is a lie." Al-Najad said: "And by Allah, this is a lie." Ibn al-Fadl said: "And by Allah, this is a lie."
Allah, the Exalted, said: "Its fruit is eternal" [Ar-Ra’d 35].
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 386]
Abu Muti' al-Balkhi al-Khurasani is a Jahmi, and Da'if as a narrator.
Besides that, Abu Hanifa believes Paradise and Hellfire are eternal after they were created, as mentioned by al-Tahawi in his book 'Aqeedah al-Tahawiyyah'.
Below are some odd sayings narrated about Abu Hanifa. These are all weak.
٣٢٠ - حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ، ثنا أَبُو سَلَمَةَ التَّبُوذَكِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي مَنْ، سَمِعَ هَمَّامًا، قَالَ: " سُئِلَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ عَنْ خِنْزِيرٍ بَرِّيٍّ قَالَ: لَا بَأْسَ بِأَكْلِهِ "
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٠٦]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ibrahim narrated to me, Abu Salamah al-Tabudhaki narrated to me, from someone who heard Hammam say: "Abu Hanifa was asked about wild swine, and he said: There is no harm in eating it."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 206]
أخبرني حمزة بن محمد بن طاهر الدقاق، أخبرنا علي بن عمر الحافظ، حدثنا محمد بن مخلد بن حفص، حدثنا أبو زكريا يحيى بن عاصم الكوفي، حدثنا أبو بلال الأشعري قال: سمعت أبا يوسف القاضي يقول: كنا عند هارون، أنا وشريك، وإبراهيم بن أبي يحيى، وحفص بن غياث قال: فسأل هارون عن مسألة، فقال إبراهيم بن أبي يحيى: حدثنا صالح مولى التوأمة عن أبي هريرة قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم. قال: وقال شريك: حدثنا أبو إسحاق عن عمرو بن ميمون قال: قال عمر ابن الخطاب. وقال حفص: حدثنا الأعمش عن إبراهيم عن علقمة قال: قال عبد الله. قال: قال لي أنا: ما تقول أنت؟ قال: قلت قال أبو حنيفة. قال فقال: خاك بسر.
قلت: تفسيره تراب على رأسك.
[تاريخ بغداد - المجلد ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠١-٤٠٢]
Hamza bin Muhammad bin Tahir al-Daqqaq informed me, Ali bin Omar al-Hafidh narrated to us, Muhammad bin Mukhallad bin Hafs narrated to us, Abu Zakariya Yahya bin Asim al-Kufi narrated to us: Abu Bilal al-Ash'ari ⓘ said: I heard Abu Yusuf al-Qadi say: "We were with Harun, myself, Sharik, Ibrahim bin Abi Yahya, and Hafs bin Ghiyath.
Harun asked about a matter, and Ibrahim bin Abi Yahya said: 'Saalih Mawla al-Tawama narrated to us from Abu Huraira who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said.'
Sharik said: 'Abu Ishaq narrated to us from 'Amr bin Maimun who said: 'Umar bin al-Khattab said.'
Hafs said: 'Al-A’mash narrated to us from Ibrahim from 'Alqama who said: Abdullah said.'
He (Harun) then said to me: 'What do you say?' I (Abu Yusuf) replied: 'Abu Hanifa said.'
He (Harun) then said (to Abu Yusuf): 'Dirt on your head.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 401-402]
This narration is weak due to Abu Bilal al-Ash'ari, who is weakened by al-Daraqutni.
This does not look like the style of Abu Yusuf al-Qadi, as he is known to be closest to the narrations from the Hanafi madhab. He would have also responded with a narration, and not 'Abu Hanifa said'.
أخبرنا محمد بن محمد بن حسنويه النرسي، أخبرنا موسى بن عيسى السراج، حدثنا محمد بن محمد بن سليمان الباغندي، حدثني إسحاق بن يعقوب المروزي، حدثنا إسحاق بن راهويه، حدثني أحمد بن النضر قال: سمعت أبا حمزة السكري يقول: سمعت أبا حنيفة يقول: لو أن ميتا مات فدفن، ثم احتاج أهله إلى الكفن، فلهم أن ينبشوه فيبيعوه.
[تاريخ بغداد - الجزء ١٣ - الصفحات ٣٩٣-٣٩٤]
Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Hassanwayh al-Nurasi narrated to us, Musa bin Isa al-Sarraj narrated to us, Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Suleiman al-Baghandi narrated to me, Ishaq bin Ya'qub al-Marwazi narrated to us, Ishaq bin Rahwayh narrated to me, Ahmad bin al-Nadr said: I heard Abu Hamza al-Sukkari say: I heard Abu Hanifa say: "If a person dies and is buried, and then his family needs the shroud, they are allowed to exhume him and sell the body."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 393-394]
This narration seems very odd, and Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Suleiman al-Baghandi is involved in heavy tadlis. He was not regarded to be very strong.
قال حمزة: وسألت أبا بكر بن عبدان عن محمد بن محمد بن سليمان الباغندي هل يدخل في الصحيح. فقال: لو خرجت الصحيح لم أدخله فيه، قيل له: لم؟ قال: لأنه كان يخلط ويدلس. قال:
وليس ممن كتبت عنه أثر عندي ولا أكثر حديثا منه إلا أنه شره. قال: والباغندي أحفظ من ابن أبي داود.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ٣ - الصفحة ٤٣٠]
Hamzah said: I asked Abu Bakr ibn ‘Abdān about Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Sulaymān al-Bāghandī — “Would you include him in the Ṣaḥīḥ? He replied: “If I were to compile a Ṣaḥīḥ, I would not include him.”
He was asked: “Why?” He said: “Because he used to mix things up and commit tadlīs.”
He also said: There is no one I’ve written more narrations from, nor anyone from whom I have more ḥadīth, yet I do not consider what I wrote from him to carry weight — except that he was greedy (for ḥadīth). And: Al-Bāghandī had a better memory than Ibn Abī Dāwūd.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 3 - Page 430]
قال حمزة: وسألت الدارقطني عن محمد بن محمد بن سليمان الباغندي. قال:
كان كثير التدليس يحدث بما لم يسمع وربما سرق. وقال: أشد ما سمعت فيه، من الوزير ابن حنزابة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ٣ - الصفحة ٤٣٠]
Hamzah said: I asked al-Daraqutni about Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Sulaymān al-Bāghandī. He said: He engaged heavily in tadlīs (concealing the source of his narrations), narrated what he had not heard, and at times even stole (narrations). And he (al-Daraqutni) said: The harshest thing I ever heard about him was from the vizier Ibn Hanzabah.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 3 - Page 430]
أخبرنا الحسن بن أبي بكر، أخبرنا إبراهيم بن محمد بن يحيى المزكي النيسابوري، حدثنا محمد بن المسيب قال: سمعت عبد الله بن خبيق قال:
سمعت الهيثم بن جميل يقول: سمعت أبا عوانة يقول: كان أبو حنيفة مرجئا يرى السيف. فقيل له: فحماد بن أبي سليمان؟ قال: كان أستاذه في ذلك.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٨٥]
Al-Hasan bin Abi Bakr informed us, Ibrahim bin Muhammad bin Yahya Al-Muzakki Al-Naysaburi told us, Muhammad bin Al-Musayyib said: I heard Abdullah bin Khaqiq say: I heard Al-Haytham bin Jamil say: I heard Abu 'Awanah say: "Abu Hanifa was a Murji who saw the sword."
It was said to him: "What about Hamad bin Abi Sulayman?" He replied: "He was his teacher in that."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 385]
Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman is not known to hold the same view as Abu Hanifa regarding rebellion against the unjust Muslim ruler.
So this seems to be a mistake from Al-Haytham ibn Jamil, though he is thiqah. He used to make many mistakes when he narrated from trustworthy narrators.
الهيثم بن جميل أبو سهل الأنطاكي (2) ليس بالحافظ يغلط على الثقات
[الكامل - عبد الله بن عدي - ج ٧ - الصفحة ١٠٣]
Ibn 'Adiy said:
"Al-Haytham ibn Jamil, Abu Sahl al-Antaki, is not a Hafidh, and he makes mistakes in narrating from trustworthy narrators."
[Al-Kaamil - Ibn 'Adiy - Volume 13 - Page 385]
والهيثم بن جميل يسكن أنطاكية ويقال هو البغدادي ويلغط الكثير على الثقات كما يلغط غيره وأرجو انه لا يتعمد الكذب
[الكامل - عبد الله بن عدي - ج ٧ - الصفحة ١٠٣]
Ibn 'Adiy said:
"Al-Haytham ibn Jamil lives in Antioch, and it is said that he is from Baghdad. He makes many mistakes when narrating from trustworthy narrators, just as others do. I hope that he does not intentionally lie."
[Al-Kaamil - Ibn 'Adiy - Volume 13 - Page 385]
Correct narrations:
Ibn al-Mubarak was one of the biggest proponents of Abu Hanifa's Fiqh. He praised with a big praise, and regarded Abu Hanifa to be one of the best among the Fuqaha.
Some days before Ibn al-Mubarak died, he changed his mind on Abu Hanifa. He started to stop praising him, because Abu Hanifa held some destructive views that Ibn al-Mubarak could not tolerate anymore.
He took on the advice of Al-Awza'ee to leave praising Abu Hanifa, because of his view on rebelling against the oppressive Muslim ruler. This view was regarded to be very destructive among the Salaf Saliheen. So Ibn al-Mubarak chose to give up on praising Abu Hanifa, solely based on this reason.
Besides that, Ibn al-Mubarak still held Abu Hanifa to be a Faqih, one who is very intelligent in coming to rulings in Fiqh. But he chose to stop praising him for his Fiqh, because Abu Hanifa held the view of rebellion.
أخبرني محمد بن علي المقرئ، أخبرنا محمد بن عبد الله النيسابوري قال: سمعت أبا جعفر محمد بن صالح بن هانئ يقول: حدثنا مسدد بن قطن، حدثنا محمد بن عتاب الأعين، حدثنا علي بن جرير الأبيوردي قال: قدمت على ابن المبارك فقال له رجل: إن رجلين تماريا عندنا في مسألة، فقال أحدهما قال أبو حنيفة، وقال الآخر قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، فقال: كان أبو حنيفة أعلم بالقضاء. فقال ابن المبارك، أعد علي: فأعاد عليه، فقال: كفر كفر. فقلت: بك كفروا. وبك اتخذوا الكافر إماما. قال: ولم؟ قلت: بروايتك عن أبي حنيفة، قال: استغفر الله من رواياتي عن أبي حنيفة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٥]
Muhammad bin Ali Al-Muqri informed us, Muhammad bin Abdullah Al-Naysaburi said: I heard Abu Ja'far Muhammad bin Saleh bin Hani say: "Musaddad bin Qattan narrated to us, Muhammad bin Atab Al-A'yani narrated to us:
Ali bin Jarir Al-Abyourdi said: I came to Ibn Al-Mubarak, and a man said to him: 'Two men had a dispute with us over a matter. One said Abu Hanifa said so, and the other said the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said so.'
Ibn Al-Mubarak replied: 'Repeat after me, Abu Hanifa was more knowledgeable about judgment.' The man repeated: 'Abu Hanifa was more knowledgeable about judgment,' and Ibn Al-Mubarak said: 'Disbelief, disbelief!'
I (Ali bin Jarir Al-Abyourdi) said: 'Because of you, they have made this disbeliever their Imam.' He asked: 'Why?' I said: 'Because of your narration from Abu Hanifa.' He replied: 'I seek forgiveness from Allah for my narrations from Abu Hanifa.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 415]
This is how crazy it became. There were people who idolized Abu Hanifa and said he was more knowledgeable than the Prophet!
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ نُعَيْمِ بْنِ حَمَّادٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْأَعْيَنُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنَ شَمَّاسٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ الْمُبَارَكِ، يَقُولُ: اضْرِبُوا عَلَى حَدِيثِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ.
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Nu'aym ibn Hammad narrated to us, saying: Abu Bakr al-A'yani narrated to us, saying: I heard Ibrahim ibn Shamas say: I heard Ibn al-Mubarak say: "Disregard the narrations of Abu Hanifa."
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
٥١٩٤ - حَدثنَا أَبُو بكر الْأَعْين عَن الْحسن بن الرّبيع قَالَ ضرب بن الْمُبَارك على حَدِيث أبي حنيفَة قبل أَن يَمُوت بأيام يسيرَة
[ص269 - كتاب العلل ومعرفة الرجال لأحمد رواية ابنه عبد الله]
Imam Ahmad mentioned:
Abu Bakr Al-A‘yan narrated to us from Al-Hasan bin Al-Rabi‘, who said: "Shortly before his death, Ibn Al-Mubarak removed the narrations of Abu Hanifa."
[Al-'Ilal - Imam Ahmad - Volume 3 - Page 269]
Ibn al-Mubarak changed his opinion on Abu Hanifa and accepted the advice of al-Awza'ee not to praise or follow a person who views rebellion against the Ummah. And this was shortly before he (Ibn al-Mubarak) died.
٢٥٠ - حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ شَبُّوَيْهِ، قَالَ: أَبِي يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ الْعَزِيزِ بْنَ أَبِي رِزْمَةَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الْمُبَارَكِ، يَقُولُ: قُلْتُ لِلْأَوْزَاعِيِّ عِنْدَ الْوَدَاعِ أَوْصِنِي فَقَالَ: " كَانَ مِنْ رَأْيِي أَنْ أَفْعَلَهُ وَلَوْ لَمْ تَقُلْ إِنَّكَ أَطْرَيْتَ عِنْدِي رَجُلًا كَانَ يَرَى السَّيْفَ عَلَى الْأُمَّةِ فَقُلْتُ: أَفَلَا نَصَحْتَنِي قَالَ: كَانَ مِنْ رَأْيِي أَنْ أَفْعَلَهُ "
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٨٧]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abdullah bin Ahmad bin Shabawayh narrated to me, my father said: I heard Abdul Aziz bin Abi Rizma say: I heard Abdullah bin al-Mubarak say: I said to al-Awza'i at the time of departure: 'Give me advice.' He said: 'It was my intention to do, even if you had not asked for it. You praised a man who believed in using the sword against the Ummah.' I said: 'Why didn't you advise me?' He said: 'It was my intention to do so.'
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 187]
٣٥٣ - حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ شَبُّوَيْهِ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَانَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الْمُبَارَكِ، يَقُولُ فِي مَسْأَلَةٍ لِأَبِي حَنِيفَةَ: «قَطْعُ الطَّرِيقِ أَحْيَانًا أَحْسَنُ مِنْ هَذَا»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١٤]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abdullah ibn Ahmad ibn Shabwayh (Majhul) narrated to me, saying: I heard Abdān say: I heard Sufyan ibn Abd al-Malik say: I heard Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak say in response to some matters related to Abu Hanifa: "Cutting off the road is better than this."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 214]
٣٥٤ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ الْعَطَّارِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ سَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ شَبُّوَيْهِ، يَقُولُ: أَنْبَأَنَا أَبُو صَالِحٍ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، قَالَ: قِيلَ لِابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ تَرْوِي عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، قَالَ: «ابْتُلِيتُ بِهِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١٥]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu al-Hasan ibn al-‘Attar Muhammad ibn Muhammad narrated to me, saying: I heard Ahmad ibn Shabwayh say: Abu Salih Sulayman ibn Salih informed us, saying: It was said to Ibn al-Mubarak, "Do you narrate from Abu Hanifa?" He replied: "I was tested with him."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 215]
٣٩٤ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي حَمَّادُ بْنُ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ السُّكَّرِيُّ، قَالَ: قَالَ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ وَذَكَرَ لَهُ مَسْأَلَةً مِنْ قَوْلِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ: «قُطْعُ الطَّرِيقِ أَحْيَانًا أَحْسَنُ مِنْ هَذَا الْقِيَاسِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٥]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu al-Fadl al-Khurasani narrated to me, Hamad ibn Abi Hamza al-Sukkari (Majhul) said: Sufyan ibn Abd al-Malik said: Ibn al-Mubarak mentioned to him a case from the saying of Abu Hanifa, and Ibn al-Mubarak said: "Sometimes, cutting off the road is better than this Qiyas."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 225]
حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ شَمَّاسِ السَّمَرْقَنْدِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، بِالثَّغْرِ عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، قَالَ: فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ يُكْنَى أَبَا خِدَاشٍ، فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ §لَا تَرْوِ لَنَا عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ مُرْجِئًا فَلَمْ يُنْكِرْ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، وَكَانَ بَعْدُ إِذَا جَاءَ الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَرَأْيهِ ضَرَبَ عَلَيْهِ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ مِنْ كُتُبِهِ وَتَرَكَ الرِّوَايَةَ عَنْهُ، وَذَلِكَ آخِرُ مَا قَرَأَ عَلَى النَّاسِ بِالثَّغْرِ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ وَمَاتَ، قَالَ: وَكُنْتُ فِي السَّفِينَةِ مَعَهُ لَمَّا انْصَرَفَ مِنَ الثَّغْرِ، وَكَانَ يُحَدِّثُنَا فَمَرَّ عَلَى شَيْءٍ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، فَقَالَ لَنَا: اضْرِبُوا عَلَى حَدِيثِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ فَإِنِّي قَدْ خَرَجْتُ عَلَى حَدِيثِهِ وَرَأْيهِ، قَالَ: وَمَاتَ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ فِي مُنْصَرَفِهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الثَّغْرِ، قَالَ: وَقَالَ رَجُلٌ لِابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ وَنَحْنُ عِنْدَهُ: إِنَّ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ كَانَ مُرْجِئًا يَرَى السَّيْفَ فَلَمْ يُنْكِرْ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١٣]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu al-Fadl al-Khurasani narrated to me, Ibrahim ibn Shamas al-Samarqandi narrated to me, Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak narrated to us from the border region about Abu Hanifa. A man, known as Abu Khidash, approached him and said: "O Abu Abd al-Rahman, do not narrate from Abu Hanifa, for he was a Murji."
Ibn al-Mubarak did not deny this claim about Abu Hanifa. Later, whenever a narration from Abu Hanifa or his opinion would come up, Ibn al-Mubarak would strike it out from his books and stop narrating it. This was the last time he taught people at the border region (thaghr), after which he left and passed away.
He continued to teach until he left the border region, and while on the ship, when passing through a narration of Abu Hanifa, he said to the people: "Strike out the narration from Abu Hanifa, for I have rejected his narration and opinion."
Ibn al-Mubarak passed away on his return from the border region. A man, while we were with Ibn al-Mubarak, said to him: "Abu Hanifa was a Murji who believed in the sword." Ibn al-Mubarak did not deny this claim.
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 213]
This shows that Ibn al-Mubarak left Abu Hanifa's opinion, and he rejected it in his later stage. He leaned more towards Sufyan al-Thawri at that stage.
٣٤٩ - حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ، سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْوَزِيرِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَعْيَنَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ وَصِيَّ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ قَالَ: دَخَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ عَبْدِ الْكَرِيمِ عَلَى ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ وَالدَّارُ غَاصَّةٌ بِأَصْحَابِ الْحَدِيثِ، فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ مَسْأَلَةُ كَذَا وَكَذَا، قَالَ: فَرَوَى ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ فِيهِ أَحَادِيثَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَصْحَابِهِ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ قَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ خِلَافَ هَذَا فَغَضِبَ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ وَقَالَ: أَرْوِي لَكَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَصْحَابِهِ تَأْتِينِي بِرَجُلٍ كَانَ يَرَى السَّيْفَ عَلَى أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١٣]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abdah ibn Abd al-Rahim narrated to me, he said: I heard Abu al-Wazir Muhammad ibn A'yan, may Allah be pleased with him, the successor of Ibn al-Mubarak, say:
A man from the companions of Abd al-Karim came to Ibn al-Mubarak, and the house was crowded with the companions of hadith. The man said: "O Abu Abd al-Rahman, there is a question about such and such."
Ibn al-Mubarak narrated hadiths from the Prophet (ﷺ) and his companions regarding it.
The man then said: "O Abu Abd al-Rahman, Abu Hanifa disagrees with this."
Ibn al-Mubarak became angry and said: "I narrate to you from the Prophet (ﷺ) and his companions, and you bring me a man who used to believe in the sword over the Ummah of Muhammad (ﷺ)!"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 213]
This shows Ibn al-Mubarak stopped praising Abu Hanifa, and instead criticized him for holding such deviated views.
٣٥٠ - حَدَّثَنِي الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ، ثنا عَبْدَانُ، عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، قَالَ: «مَا كَانَ عَلَى ظَهْرِ الْأَرْضِ مَجْلِسٌ أَحَبُّ إِلِيَّ مِنْ مَجْلِسِ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ كُنْتُ إِذَا شِئْتَ أَنْ تَرَاهُ مُصَلِّيًا رَأَيْتَهُ وَإِذَا شِئْتَ أَنْ تَرَاهُ فِي ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ رَأَيْتَهُ، وَكُنْتَ إِذَا شِئْتَ أَنْ تَرَاهُ فِي ⦗٢١٤⦘ الْغَامِضِ مِنَ الْفِقْهِ رَأَيْتَهُ، وَأَمَّا مَجْلِسٌ لَا أَعْلَمُ أَنِّي شَهِدْتُهُ صَلَّى فِيهِ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَطُّ فَمَجْلِسُ» ثُمَّ سَكَتَ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ فَقَالَ: يَعْنِي مَجْلِسَ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١٣]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Al-Qasim ibn Muhammad al-Khurasani (Majhul) narrated to me, he said: Abdān narrated from Ibn al-Mubarak, who said: "There was no gathering on the face of the earth that I loved more than the gathering of Sufyan al-Thawri. When I wanted to see him praying, I saw him, and when I wanted to see him in the remembrance of Allah, the Almighty, I saw him. And when I wanted to see him in the most intricate aspects of jurisprudence, I saw him. As for a gathering, I do not know that I ever attended one where he prayed for the Prophet (ﷺ)." Then he paused and did not mention anything further. He said: "Meaning the gathering of Abu Hanifa."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 213]
أخبرني أبو نصر أحمد بن الحسين القاضي - بالدينور - أخبرنا أبو بكر أحمد بن محمد بن إسحاق السني الحافظ قال: حدثني عبد الله بن محمد بن جعفر، حدثنا هارون بن إسحاق سمعت محمد بن عبد الوهاب القناد يقول:
حضرت مجلس أبي حنيفة، فرأيت مجلس لغو، ولا وقار فيه، وحضرت مجلي سفيان الثوري، فكان الوقار والسكينة والعلم فيه، فلزمته.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٥]
Abu Nasr Ahmad bin al-Hussein al-Qadi from Dinawar told us, Abu Bakr Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Ismail al-Sunni al-Hafidh narrated to me, Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Ja'far (al-Qazwini) ⓘ told us, Harun bin Ishaq said: I heard Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab al-Qannad say: "I attended the gathering of Abu Hanifa, and I saw a gathering full of idle talk, with no dignity in it. Then I attended the gathering of Sufyan al-Thawri, and it was full of dignity, tranquility, and knowledge, so I stayed with him."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 405]
٣٥١ - حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَتَّابٍ الْأَعْيَنُ، نا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ شَمَّاسٍ، قَالَ: صَحِبْتُ ابْنَ الْمُبَارَكِ فِي السَّفِينَةِ، فَقَالَ: «اضْرِبُوا عَلَى حَدِيثِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ قَالَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمُوتَ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ بِبَضْعَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١٤]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Abi Attab al-A'yani narrated to me, he said: Ibrahim ibn Shamas said: "I accompanied Ibn al-Mubarak on the ship, and he said: 'Strike the hadith of Abu Hanifa,' which he said a few days before Ibn al-Mubarak passed away, approximately fifteen days before his death."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 213]
٣٤٧ - حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُعَاذَ بْنَ خَالِدِ بْنِ شَقِيقٍ ابْنَ عَمِّ، عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ شَقِيقٍ يَقُولُ: قَدِمْتُ مِنَ الْحَجِّ فَأَدْرَكْتُ ابْنَ الْمُبَارَكِ بِالْعِرَاقِ فَسَأَلْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ فَضَلَ مَعِي مِنْ نَفَقَةِ الْحَجِّ شَيْءٌ تَرَى إِلَى أَنْ أَكْتُبَ بِرَأْي أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ؟ فَقَالَ: «لَا»، فَقُلْتُ: لِمَ؟ قَالَ: «لِأَنَّهُ عَقْلُ رَجُلٍ لَيْسَ بِذَاكَ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١٢]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abdah ibn Abd al-Rahim narrated to me, saying: I heard Mu'adh ibn Khalid ibn Shaqiq, who is the cousin of Ali ibn al-Hasan ibn Shaqiq, say: "When I returned from Hajj, I found Ibn al-Mubarak in Iraq. I asked him: 'O Abu Abd al-Rahman, I have some extra money from my Hajj expenses. Do you think I should follow the opinion of Abu Hanifa and write according to it?' He answered: 'No.' I asked: 'Why?' He said: 'Because it is the reasoning of a man that is not of that level.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 212]
It may be that Ibn al-Mubarak knew that Abu Hanifa's views regarding that specific area was wrong. In other aspects, Ibn al-Mubarak agreed with Abu Hanifa. But he sometimes disagreed with him, just like in raising the hands in prayer.
٣٨٢ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ، نا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ، نا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، قَالَ: ذَكَرْتُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ عِنْدَ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ وَذَكَرْتُ عِلْمَهُ وَفِقْهَهُ فَكَرِهَ ذَلِكَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ وَظَهَرَ لِي مِنْهُ الْغَضَبُ وَقَالَ: " تَدْرِي مَا تَكَلَّمْتَ بِهِ تُطْرِي رَجُلًا يَرَى السَّيْفَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ، فَقُلْتُ: إِنِّي لَسْتُ عَلَى رَأْيِهِ وَلَا مَذْهَبِهِ، فَقَالَ: قَدْ نَصَحْتُكَ فَلَا تُكْرَهْ فَقُلْتُ قَدْ قَبِلْتُ "
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٢]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu al-Fadl al-Khurasani narrated to me, from Ahmad ibn al-Hajjaj, from Sufyan ibn Abd al-Malik, who said:
"Ibn al-Mubarak told me: I mentioned Abu Hanifa in the presence of al-Awza‘i, speaking of his knowledge and jurisprudence. Al-Awza‘i disliked this, and I could see his anger. He said:
'Do you realize what you are saying? You are praising a man who believes in using the sword against the people of Islam!'
I replied, 'I do not follow his opinion or way in that.'
He said, 'I have advised you, so do not dislike it.'
I said, 'I accept.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 222]
٣٨٣ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ، نا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مِهْرَانَ الْجَمَالُ الرَّازِيُّ، عَمَّنْ حَدَّثَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ، أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنْ مَسْأَلَةٍ، فَحَدَّثَ فِيهَا، بِأَحَادِيثَ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ: إِنَّ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ يَقُولُ خِلَافَ هَذَا فَغَضِبَ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، وَقَالَ: «أَخْبَرْتُكَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَصْحَابِهِ وَتَأْتِينِي بِرَجُلٍ يَرَى السَّيْفَ عَلَى أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٢]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu al-Fadl narrated to me, from Muhammad ibn Mihran al-Jammal al-Razi, from someone who narrated to him, from Ibn al-Mubarak:
He was asked about a certain issue, so he responded with hadiths regarding it. Then a man said to him, "Abu Hanifa says the opposite of this."
Ibn al-Mubarak became angry and said: "I have informed you of what the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and his companions said, and you bring me a man who believes in using the sword against the Ummah of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him)?"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 222]
أنبأنا ابن رزق، أخبرنا ابن سلم، أخبرنا الأبار، أخبرنا محمد بن المهلب السرخسي، حدثنا علي بن جرير قال: كنت في الكوفة فقدمت البصرة - وبها ابن المبارك - فقال لي: كيف تركت الناس؟ قال: قلت: تركت بالكوفة قوما يزعمون أن أبا حنيفة أعلم من رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم. قال: كفر. قلت: اتخذوك في الكفر إماما، قال:
فبكى حتى ابتلت لحيته يعني أنه حدث عنه.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٥]
Ibn Rizq informed us, Ibn Salim told us, Al-Abar narrated to us, Muhammad bin Al-Mahlab Al-Sarkhasi said:
'Ali bin Jarir narrated to us: "I was in Kufa, and then I went to Basra, where Ibn Al-Mubarak was. He asked me: 'How did you leave the people?' I replied: 'I left in Kufah a group of people who claim that Abu Hanifa is more knowledgeable than the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ).' He said: 'That is disbelief.' I said: 'They have made you their Imam in disbelief.' He cried until his beard became wet, meaning that he was deeply moved by what I told him."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 415]
أخبرني الحسن بن أبي طالب، أخبرنا أحمد بن محمد بن يوسف، حدثنا محمد بن جعفر المطيري - حدثنا عيسى بن عبد الله الطيالسي، حدثنا الحميدي قال: سمعت ابن المبارك يقول: صليت وراء أبي حنيفة صلاة وفي نفسي منها شئ، قال: وسمعت ابن المبارك يقول: كتبت عن أبي حنيفة أربعمائة حديث إذا رجعت إلى العراق إن شاء الله محوتها.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٦]
Hassan bin Abi Talib informed us, Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Yusuf said: Muhammad bin Ja'far Al-Mutairi narrated to us, Isa bin Abdullah Al-Tayalisi narrated to us, Al-Humaydi said: I heard Ibn Al-Mubarak say: "I prayed behind Abu Hanifa in a prayer, and there was something in my mind about it." He also said: "I wrote four hundred Hadiths from Abu Hanifa, and if I return to Iraq, God willing, I will erase them."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 416]
This narration seems odd, the specific meaning cannot be taken, but the general meaning can. Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Yusuf was weakened.
أخبرنا إبراهيم بن محمد بن سليمان المؤدب، أخبرنا أبو بكر بن المقرئ، حدثنا سلامة بن محمود القيسي، حدثنا إسماعيل بن حمدويه البيكندي قال:
سمعت الحميدي يقول: سمعت إبراهيم بن شماس يقول: كنت مع ابن المبارك بالثغر، فقال: لئن رجعت من هذه لأخرجن أبا حنيفة من كتبي.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٦]
Ibrahim bin Muhammad bin Suleiman Al-Mu'addib informed us, Abu Bakr bin Al-Muqri said: Salamah bin Mahmoud Al-Qaisi narrated to us, Ismail bin Hamadwayh Al-Baykandi said: I heard Al-Humaydi say: I heard Ibrahim bin Shamas say: I was with Ibn Al-Mubarak at the border, and he said: "If I return from this, I will remove Abu Hanifa from my books."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 416]
أخبرنا العتيقي، أخبرنا يوسف بن أحمد الصيدلاني، حدثنا محمد بن عمرو العقيلي، حدثنا محمد بن إبراهيم بن جناد، حدثنا أبو بكر الأعين، حدثنا إبراهيم بن شماس قال: سمعت ابن المبارك يقول: اضربوا على حديث أبي حنيفة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٦]
Al-Ateeqi informed us, Yusuf bin Ahmed Al-Saidlani told us, Muhammad bin Amr Al-Aqeeli narrated to us, Muhammad bin Ibrahim bin Janad said: Abu Bakr Al-A'yan narrated to us, Ibrahim bin Shamas said: I heard Ibn Al-Mubarak say: "Strike down the hadith of Abu Hanifa."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 416]
أخبرنا عبيد الله بن عمر الواعظ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا عبد الله بن سليمان، حدثنا عبد الله بن أحمد بن حنبل، حدثني أبي، حدثنا أبو بكر الأعين عن الحسن بن الربيع قال: ضرب ابن المبارك على حديث أبي حنيفة قبل أن يموت بأيام يسيرة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٦]
'Ubaydullah bin 'Umar Al-Wa'idh informed us, my father narrated to us, Abdullah bin Suleiman told us, Abdullah bin Ahmad bin Hanbal said: My father narrated to us, Abu Bakr Al-A'yan narrated to us from Al-Hasan bin Al-Rabee' who said: Ibn Al-Mubarak struck down the hadith of Abu Hanifa a few days before his death.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 416]
أخبرني محمد بن أحمد بن يعقوب، أخبرنا محمد بن نعيم الضبي قال:
سمعت أبا سعيد عبد الرحمن بن أحمد المقرئ يقول: سمعت أبا بكر أحمد بن محمد بن الحسين البلخي يقول: سمعت محمد بن علي بن الحسن بن شقيق يقول:
سمعت أبي يقول: سمعت عبد الله بن المبارك يقول: لحديث واحد من حديث الزهري أحب إلي من جميع كلام أبي حنيفة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٦]
Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Ya'qub informed us, Muhammad bin Na'im Al-Dhubi said: I heard Abu Said Abdul Rahman bin Ahmad Al-Muqri' say: I heard Abu Bakr Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Al-Hussein Al-Balkhi say: I heard Muhammad bin Ali bin Al-Hasan bin Shaqiq say: I heard my father say: I heard Abdullah bin Al-Mubarak say: "One hadith from Al-Zuhri is more beloved to me than all the words of Abu Hanifa."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 416]
And this should be true for any Muslim. A Hadith from Zuhri refers to what the Prophet said, and the Prophet goes before anyone.
أخبرنا ابن دوما، أخبرنا ابن سلم، حدثنا الأبار، حدثنا علي بن خشرم عن علي بن إسحاق الترمذي قال: قال ابن المبارك: كان أبو حنيفة يتيما في الحديث.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٧]
We were informed by Ibn Duma, who told us from Ibn Salam, who narrated from Al-Abar, who reported from 'Ali bin Khashram, from Ali bin Ishaq Al-Tirmidhi, who said: Ibn Mubarak said: "Abu Hanifa was an orphan in hadith."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 417]
أخبرنا البرقاني قال: قرىء على عمر بن بشران - وأنا أسمع - حدثكم علي بن الحسين بن حبان، حدثنا [أبي حدثنا] عبد الله بن أحمد بن شبويه قال: سمعت أبا وهب يقول: سمعت عبد الله هو - ابن المبارك - يقول: كان أبو حنيفة يتيما في الحديث.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٧]
We were informed by Al-Barqani, who said: It was read aloud to 'Umar bin Bishran - while I was listening - who said: 'Ali bin Al-Husayn bin Hiban told us, who said: [My father told us] that Abdullah bin Ahmad bin Shabwayh narrated to us, who said: I heard Abu Wahb say: I heard Abdullah - meaning Ibn Mubarak - say: "Abu Hanifa was an orphan in hadith."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 417]
This can either mean that Abu Hanifa had very little authentic narrations or that he was not very strong in narrating.
أخبرني الخلال، حدثني عبد الواحد بن علي الفامي، حدثنا أبو سالم محمد بن سعيد بن حماد قال: قال أبو داود سليمان بن الأشعث السجستاني قال ابن المبارك: ما مجلس ما رأيت ذكر فيه النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قط ولا يصلي عليه إلا مجلس أبي حنيفة، وما كنا نأتيه إلا خفيا من سفيان الثوري.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٥]
Al-Khallal told us, 'Abdul-Wahid bin 'Ali al-Fami narrated to us, Abu Salem Muhammad bin Said bin Hamad said: Abu Dawud Suleiman bin Ash'ath al-Sijistani (author of Sunan Abi Dawud) said, Ibn al-Mubarak said: "There was no gathering in which the Prophet (ﷺ) was not mentioned, nor was sent blessings upon him, except the gathering of Abu Hanifa. We would only come to him secretly from Sufyan al-Thawri."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 405]
Though this narration contains a broken chain, its content is backed up by other strong narrations regarding this issue.
أخبرني محمد بن أحمد بن يعقوب، أخبرنا محمد بن نعيم الضبي، أخبرنا أبو علي الحافظ، حدثنا عبد الله بن محمود المروزي قال: سمعت محمد بن عبد الله ابن قهزاد يقول: سمعت أبا الوزير أنه حضر عبد الله بن المبارك فروى عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم حديثا، فقال له رجل: ما قول أبي حنيفة في هذا؟ فقال عبد الله: أحدثك عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، وتيء برجل كان يرى السيف في أمة محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم؟.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٨٣]
Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Ya'qub informed me, Muhammad bin Nu'aim Al-Dhubi told us, Abu Ali Al-Hafiz narrated to us, Abdullah bin Mahmoud Al-Marwazi said: I heard Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Qahzad say: I heard Abu Al-Wazir say:
He was present when Abdullah bin Mubarak narrated a hadith from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and a man asked him: "What does Abu Hanifa say about this?"
Abdullah replied: "I am narrating to you from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and you ask about a man who holds the view of rebelling against the Ummah of Muhammad (ﷺ)?"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 383]
Abu Hanifa was made to repent twice or thrice. There are many narrations regarding this issue.
These narrations come from Sufyan al-Thawri, Sharik, Imam Ahmad, Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah, and more.
There are scholars who have witnessed Abu Hanifa having been made to repent. So what did he repent from?
- 'Khalq al-Quran'
- Irja of the Jahmiyyah
- Believing major sins do not expel one from the religion (he was made to repent from this by the Khawarij)
One could argue that the repentance of Abu Hanifa was only justifiable in two cases: his alleged statement that the Qur’an is created, and his supposed adherence to the Irja of the Jahmiyyah.
The Khawarij compelled him to repent for his belief that major sins do not expel a person from the religion. Of course, Abu Hanifa was not mistaken in this belief. It aligns with the doctrine of Ahl al-Sunnah. However, the Khawarij deemed such a belief to be Kufr.
In reality, Abu Hanifa repented from two things: ‘Khalq al-Qur’an’, and the Irja of the Jahmiyyah. But were these accusations justified? From our perspective, he never held such beliefs.
Abu Hanifa was made to repent due to accusations, not actual adherence. We hold that it was not justified for him to be forced into repentance for beliefs he never held.
That said, there are differing opinions on this matter. A significant group among the Salaf Saliheen believed that Abu Hanifa did in fact hold those positions.
«حَدَّثَنَا نُعَيْمٌ قَالَ: سمعت معاذ بن معاذ ويحي بْنَ سَعِيدٍ يَقُولَانِ:
سَمِعْنَا سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيَّ يَقُولُ: اسْتُتِيبَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ مِنَ الْكُفْرِ مَرَّتَيْنِ».
[المعرفة والتاريخ - الفسوي - الجزء ٢ - الصفحة ٧٨٦]
Al-Fassawi mentioned:
Nu'aym said: I heard Mu'adh bin Mu'adh and Yahya bin Sa'id both say:
"We heard Sufyan al-Thawri say: 'Abu Hanifa was called to repent from disbelief twice.'"
[Al-Ma'rifah wal-Tarikh - Al-Fassawi - Volume 2 - Page 786]
«حَدَّثَنِي الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ عُتْبَةَ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ- وَكَانَ مِمَّنْ قَهَرَ نَفْسَهُ- حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُسْهِرٍ ثنا يحي بْنُ حَمْزَةَ- وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ جالس- حَدَّثَنِي شَرِيكُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَاضِي الْكُوفَةَ أن ابا حنيفة استتيب مِنَ الزَّنْدَقَةِ مَرَّتَيْنِ».
[المعرفة والتاريخ - الفسوي - الجزء ٢ - الصفحة ٧٨٦]
Al-Fassawi mentioned:
Al-Walid bin 'Utbah Al-Dimashqi—who was among those who mastered their desires—narrated to us, Abu Mus-har narrated to us, and Yahya bin Hamzah narrated while Sa'eed bin 'Abdul-Aziz was present, Sharik bin Abdullah the judge of Kufah said: "Abu Hanifa was made to repent from heresy (zandaqah) twice."
[Al-Ma'rifah wal-Tarikh - Al-Fassawi - Volume 2 - Page 786]
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُعَاذَ بْنَ مُعَاذٍ الْعَنْبَرِيَّ، يَقُولُ: اسْتُتِيبَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ مِنَ الْكُفْرِ مَرَّتَيْنِ.
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
Muhammad ibn 'Isa narrated to us, saying: Ibrahim ibn Sa'id narrated to us, saying:
Mu'adh ibn Mu'adh al-Anbari said: "Abu Hanifa was given the opportunity to repent from disbelief twice."
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
حدثني أبي قال حدثنا مؤمل قال سمعت سفيان الثوري قال استتيب أبو حنيفة مرتين
[العلل - أحمد بن حنبل - ج ٢ - الصفحة ٥٤٥]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
My father narrated to me, saying: Mu’ammal narrated to us, saying: I heard Sufyan al-Thawri say: "Abu Hanifa was asked to repent twice."
[Al-'Ilal - Imam Ahmad - Volume 2 - Page 545]
حدثني أبي قال سمعت سفيان بن عيينة يقول استتيب أبو حنيفة مرتين فقال له أبو زيد يعني حماد بن دليل رجل من أصحاب سفيان لسفيان في ماذا فقال سفيان تكلم بكلام فرأى أصحابه أن يستتيبوه فتاب
[العلل - أحمد بن حنبل - ج ٢ - الصفحة ٥٤٥]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
My father narrated to me, saying: I heard Sufyan ibn Uyaynah say: "Abu Hanifa was asked to repent twice." So Abu Zayd, meaning Hammad ibn Dalil, a man from the companions of Sufyan, asked Sufyan: "For what reason?" Sufyan replied: "He spoke some words, and his companions saw fit to ask him to repent, so he repented."
[Al-'Ilal - Imam Ahmad - Volume 2 - Page 545]
There is no doubt about this narration being authentic. Which means that all the others who said Abu Hanifa repented twice are also authentic.
Now, what did Abu Hanifa repent from? Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah explained that this was more of a private incident where 'he spoke some words'. Sufyan does not tell us that Abu Hanifa was made to repent for saying the Quran is created.
So, Abu Hanifa did not say the Quran is created, that story is incorrect. The matter of Abu Hanifa repenting twice is further explained by another narration in which the Khawarij asked Abu Hanifa to repent twice. Sufyan is talking about that event.
۸٤ - حدثني أبي قال: حدثني أبي قال: وجدت في كتابي من حديث الحسن بن حماد سجادة، وقد حدثت به عنه قال: ثنا أبو قطن عمرو بن الهيثم قال: أردت الخروج إلى الكوفة فقلت لشعبة: من تكاتب بالكوفة؟ قال: أبو حنيفة وسفيان الثوري، فقلت: أكتب لي إليهما، فكتب، وصرت إلى الكوفة، فسألت عن أسن الرجلين؟ فقيل: أبو حنيفة، فدفعت إليه الكتاب، فقال: كيف أخي أبو بسطام؟ قلت بخير، فلما قرأ الكتاب قال: ما عندنا فلك مبذول، وما عند غيرنا فاستعن بنا نعينك، ومضيت إلى الثوري فدفعت إليه كتابه، فقال لي مثل ما قال أبو حنيفة، فقلت له، شيء يروى عنك تقول: إن أبا حنيفة استتيب من الكفر مرتين، أهو الكفر الذي هو ضد الإيمان؟ فقال: ما سألني عن هذه المسألة أحد غيرك منذ كلمت بها، وطأطأ رأسه ثم قال: لا، ولكن دخل واصل الشاري إلى الكوفة فجاء إليه جماعة فقالوا له: إن هاهنا رجلاً لا يكفر أهل المعاصي يعنون أبا حنيفة، فبعث فأحضره وقال: يا شيخ بلغني أنك لا تكفر أهل المعاصي؟ قال: هو مذهبي، قال: إن هذا كفر، فإن تبت قبلناك وإن أبيت قتلناك، قال: مم أتوب؟ قال: من هذا، قال: أنا تائب من الكفر، ثم خرج، فجاءت جماعة من أصحاب المنصور فأخرجت #۷٥# واصلاً عن الكوفة، فلما كان بعد مدة وجد من المنصور خلوة فدخلها، فجاءت تلك الجماعة فقالت: إن الرجل الذي كان تاب قد راجع قوله، فبعث فأحضره فقال: يا شيخ بلغني أنك راجعت ما كنت تقول، فقال: وما هو؟ فقال: إنك لا تكفر أهل المعاصي، فقال: هو مذهبي، قال: فإن هذا عندنا كفر، فإن تبت منه قبلناك وإن أبيت قتلناك، قال: والشراة لا يقتلون حتى يستتاب ثلاث مرات، فقال: مم أتوب؟ قال: من الكفر، قال: فإني تائب من الكفر، قال: فهذا هو الكفر الذي استتيب منه.
[فضائل أبي حنيفة وأخباره لابن أبي العوام page 86]
Abu al-Qasim Ibn Abi al-'Awwam mentioned:
I found in my book a narration from al-Hasan ibn Hamad al-Sajjada, from Abu Qatan Amr ibn al-Haytham, who said: I intended to travel to Kufa, so I asked Shu’bah, “Who should I correspond with in Kufa?” He said, “Abu Hanifa and Sufyan Al-Thawri.” I said, “Write me letters to them.” So he did, and I traveled to Kufa.
I asked (at arrival), “Who is the older of the two men?” They said, “Abu Hanifa.” So I handed him the letter. He asked, “How is my brother Abu Bastam (Shu'bah)?” I said, “He is well.” When he read the letter, he said: “What we have is at your disposal, and what is with others, seek our help, and we will assist you.”
Then I went to Al-Thawri and handed him his letter. He said to me the same thing that Abu Hanifa had said.
So I asked him: There is a report attributed to you that says Abu Hanifa was asked to repent from disbelief twice. Is this the disbelief that nullifies Eman?
He replied: No one has asked me about this matter since I first spoke about it. Then he lowered his head and said: No (it is not about Kufr that nullifies Eman). Rather, Wasil al-Shari (a leader of the Khawarij) entered Kufa, and a group of people came to him and said: ‘There is a man here who does not declare sinners to be disbelievers.’ They were referring to Abu Hanifa.
So Wasil summoned him (Abu Hanifa) and said: O Shaykh, I have heard that you do not declare sinners to be disbelievers. Abu Hanifa replied: That is my belief.
Wasil said: This is kufr. If you repent, we will accept you; if you refuse, we will kill you.
Abu Hanifa asked: Repent from what? Wasil replied: From this belief. Abu Hanifa said: I repent from kufr. Then he left.
After some time, a group from Al-Mansur's men came and expelled Wasil from Kufa. After some time, an opportunity for a private meeting with Al-Mansur was found, and he entered. Then that same group came and said, 'The man who repented has returned to his original stance.'
So al-Mansur summoned Abu Hanifa again and said: O Shaykh, I have heard that you have reverted to your previous stance.
Abu Hanifa asked: Which stance? The group replied: That you do not declare sinners to be disbelievers. Abu Hanifa said: That is my belief.
They then said: This is kufr in our view. If you repent, we will accept you; if you refuse, we will kill you.
Abu Hanifa said: Even the Shurah (extremer sect of Khawarij) do not execute someone without first asking them to repent three times.
They asked: Will you repent? Abu Hanifa replied: Repent from what? They said: From kufr. Abu Hanifa then said: I repent from kufr.
Al-Thawri then explained: This is the "kufr" that he was said to have repented from.
[Fadaail Abi Hanifa wa Akhbaarahu - Ibn Abi al-'Awwam - Page 86]
As you can see, it was not actually kufr what Abu Hanifa was asked to repent from.
Khawarij asked Abu Hanifa to repent from his belief that the sinners are still Muslim. Abu Hanifa said "I repent from kufr" (twice), and did not say "I repent from my kufr stance".
So it does not mean he actually repented from his stance, but he used general repentance from kufr, so that the Khawarij would leave him alone.
٣٣٩ - أُخْبِرْتُ عَنِ الْأَصْمَعِيِّ، قَالَ: «اسْتُتِيبَ وَاللَّهِ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ مِنَ الْكُفْرِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١٠]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
I was informed by Al-Asma'i, who said: "By Allah, Abu Hanifa was called to repent from disbelief."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 210]
٣٣٦ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو مَعْمَرٍ، قَالَ: قِيلَ لِشَرِيكِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مِمَّا اسْتَتَبْتُمْ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ قَالَ: «مِنَ الْكُفْرِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١٠]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu Ma'mar narrated: "It was said to Sharik ibn Abdullah, 'For what did you make Abu Hanifa repent?' He replied, 'For disbelief.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 210]
٣٣٧ - حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا شَرِيكٌ، وَحَسَنُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، أَنَّهُمَا شَهِدَا أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ وَقَدِ اسْتُتِيبَ مِنَ الزَّنْدَقَةِ مَرَّتَيْنِ
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١٠]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Yahya ibn Said al-Qattan narrated to us, Yahya ibn Adam narrated to us, Sharik and Hasan ibn Salih both narrated to us, testifying that Abu Hanifa was asked to repent from zandaqah twice.
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 210]
٣٣١ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْعَطَّارُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنَ الْفَارِسِيِّ، قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ: وَكَانَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ يَسْتَعْقِلُهُ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا هَزَّانَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الْأَوْزَاعِيَّ، يَقُولُ: «اسْتُتِيبَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ مِنَ الْكُفْرِ مَرَّتَيْنِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٠٩]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu al-Hasan al-Attar, Muhammad ibn Muhammad, said: I heard Abu Abd al-Malik ibn al-Farisi say. Abu al-Hasan (Whom Abu Ubaid regarded unreliable), from Hazzan, from al-Awza'i, who said: "Abu Hanifa was made to repent from kufr twice."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 209]
٣٢٧ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو عَقِيلٍ يَحْيَى بْنُ حَبِيبِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حَبِيبِ بْنِ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ، ثنا غَالِبُ بْنُ فَائِدٍ، ثنا شَرِيكُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، قَالَ: «رَأَيْتُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ يُطَافُ بِهِ عَلَى حِلَقِ الْمَسْجِدِ يُسْتَتَابُ أَوْ قَدِ اسْتُتِيبَ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٠٨]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu Aqil Yahya bin Habib bin Ismail bin Abdullah bin Habib bin Abi Thabit narrated to us, from Ghalib bin Fa'id, from Sharik bin Abdullah, who said: "I saw Abu Hanifa being led around the circles of the mosque, being sought for repentance, or he had already repented."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 208]
٣١١ - حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الطَّبَرِيُّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُعَاذَ بْنَ مُعَاذٍ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيَّ، يَقُولُ: «اسْتُتِيبَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ مِنَ الْكُفْرِ مَرَّتَيْنِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٠٤]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ibrahim ibn Said al-Tabari said: I heard Mu'adh ibn Mu'adh say: I heard Sufyan al-Thawri say: "Abu Hanifa was given the opportunity to repent from disbelief twice."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 204]
٣٠٧ - حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الدَّوْرَقِيُّ، ثنا هَيْثَمُ بْنُ جَمِيلٍ، قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِشَرِيكِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ اسْتُتِيبَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ؟ قَالَ: «عَلِمَ ذَلِكَ الْعَوَاتِقُ فِي خُدُورِهِنَّ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٠٤]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Dawraqi said: Haytham ibn Jamil narrated to us, who said: I asked Sharik ibn Abdullah: "Was Abu Hanifa given the opportunity to repent?" He said: "The young girls in their chambers knew that."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 204]
٣٠٩ - حَدَّثَنِي هَارُونُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنِي الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ شَرِيكًا، يَقُولُ: «اسْتُتِيبَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ مِنْ كُفْرِهِ مَرَّتَيْنِ مِنْ كَلَامِ جَهْمٍ وَمِنَ الْإِرْجَاءِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٠٤]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Harun ibn Sufyan said: Al-Walid ibn Salih narrated to us, who said: I heard Sharik say: "Abu Hanifa was given the opportunity to repent from his disbelief twice, once for his words about Jahm and once for his views on Irja."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 204]
٢٦٥ - سَمِعْتُ أَبِيَ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ، يَقُولُ: " أَظُنُّ أَنَّهُ اسْتُتِيبَ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ {سُبْحَانَ رَبِّكَ رَبِّ الْعِزَّةِ عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ} [الصافات: ١٨٠] قَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ: هَذَا مَخْلُوقٌ، فَقَالُوا لَهُ: هَذَا كُفْرٌ فَاسْتَتَابُوهُ
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩٢]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
I heard my father, may Allah have mercy on him, say: 'I think he was repented for this verse: {Glory be to your Lord, the Lord of Glory, far above what they describe} [Al-Saffat: 180]. Abu Hanifa said: This is a created, so they said to him: This is disbelief, and they sought repentance from him.'
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 192]
Imam Ahmad thought that Abu Hanifa's reason for repentance was about the verse, where he supposedly have said that it is created. This is uncertainty from Imam Ahmad.
٢٦٦ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ، ثنا مُؤَمَّلُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيَّ، يَقُولُ: «اسْتُتِيبَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ مَرَّتَيْنِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩٢]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
My father, may Allah have mercy on him, narrated to me, from Muammal ibn Isma'il, who said: 'I heard Sufyan al-Thawri say: Abu Hanifa was made to repent twice.'
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 192]
٢٦٧ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ خَلَّادٍ الْبَاهِلِيُّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَىَ بْنَ سَعِيدٍ، يَقُولُ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، قَالَ: «اسْتَتَابَ أَصْحَابُ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ مَرَّتَيْنِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩٢]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
I heard Abu Bakr ibn Khalad al-Bahili say: I heard Yahya ibn Sa'id say: Sufyan told us, "The companions of Abu Hanifa asked Abu Hanifa to repent twice."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 192]
٢٦٨ - حَدَّثَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِيَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيَّ، يَقُولُ: «اسْتُتِيبَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ مِنَ الْكُفْرِ مَرَّتَيْنِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩٣]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
I heard Ubaydullah ibn Mu'adh al-Anbari say: I heard my father say: I heard Sufyan al-Thawri say, "Abu Hanifa repented from disbelief twice."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 193]
٢٦٩ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ، نا سَلَمَةُ بْنُ شَبِيبٍ، نا الْفِرْيَابِيُّ، سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيَّ، يَقُولُ: «اسْتُتِيبَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ مِنْ كَلَامِ الزَّنَادِقَةِ مِرَارًا»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩٣]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
I heard Abu al-Fadl al-Khurasani say: Salama ibn Shabeeb narrated to us, from al-Firyabi, who said: I heard Sufyan al-Thawri say, "Abu Hanifa repented from the words of the heretics multiple times."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 193]
٢٧٠ - حَدَّثَنِي هَارُونُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ حَدَّثَنِي أَسْوَدُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ، نا جَعْفَرُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ الْأَحْمَرُ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، قَالَ: «اسْتُتِيبَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ مَرَّتَيْنِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩٣]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Haroon bin Sufyan, may Allah be pleased with him, narrated to me, Aswad bin Aamir narrated to us, Ja'far bin Ziyad al-Ahmar narrated from Sufyan, who said: "Abu Hanifa was given the opportunity to repent twice."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 193]
٢٧١ - حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، نا هَيْثَمُ بْنُ جَمِيلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ سُمَيْعٍ ⦗١٩٤⦘ الْأَشْجَعِيُّ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، قَالَ: «اسْتُتِيبَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ مِنَ الْكُفْرِ مَرَّتَيْنِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩٣]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ahmad bin Ibrahim narrated to me, Haytham bin Jamil narrated to us, Ibn Suma'i al-Ash'ari narrated from Sufyan al-Thawri, who said: "Abu Hanifa was given the opportunity to repent from disbelief twice."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 193]
٢٧٢ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي عَوْنٍ، نا مُعَاذٌ، نا سُفْيَانُ، وَذَكَرَ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ، قَالَ: «اسْتُتِيبَ أَصْحَابُهُ مِنَ الْكُفْرِ غَيْرَ مَرَّةٍ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩٤]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu Bakr bin Abi Awn narrated to me, Mu'adh narrated to us, Sufyan mentioned Abu Hanifa and said: "His companions were given the opportunity to repent from disbelief more than once."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 194]
٢٨٦ - حَدَّثَنِي حَسَنُ بْنُ أَبِي الصَّبَّاحِ الْبَزَّارُ، ثنا مُؤَمَّلٌ، سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيَّ، يَقُولُ: «كَانَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ غَيْرَ ثِقَةٍ وَلَا مَأْمُونٍ اسْتُتِيبَ مَرَّتَيْنِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩٧]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Hasan ibn Abi al-Sabbah al-Bazzar narrated to us, and he said: "I heard Sufyan al-Thawri say: 'Abu Hanifa was untrustworthy and not reliable. He was sought for repentance twice.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 197]
٣٥٥ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ، يَقُولُ: «اسْتُتِيبَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ مَرَّتَيْنِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١٥]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
My father, may Allah have mercy on him, narrated to me, saying: I heard Ibn Uyaynah say: "Abu Hanifa was given the option of repentance twice."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 215]
٣٥٦ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ بْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ، يَقُولُ: «عَلِمْتُ أَنَّهُمُ اسْتَتَابُوهُ غَيْرَ مَرَّةٍ يَعْنِي أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ» قَالَ أَبِي: فَقَالَ ابْنُ زَيْدٍ يَعْنِي حَمَّادًا: قِيلَ لِسُفْيَانَ فِي مَاذَا؟ قَالَ: " تَكَلَّمَ بِكَلَامٍ فَقَالُوا هَذَا كُفْرٌ فَرَأَى أَصْحَابُهُ أَنْ يَسْتَتِيبُوهُ فَقَالَ: أَتُوبُ "
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١٥]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
My father, may Allah have mercy on him, narrated to me, saying: I heard Sufyan ibn Uyayna say: "I came to know they had given him the option of repentance more than once, referring to Abu Hanifa."
My father said: Ibn Zayd, meaning Hammad, asked Sufyan what is was about, and he said: "He said something, and they said it was disbelief. His companions saw that they should give him the option of repentance, and he said: 'I repent.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 215]
٣٧٤ - حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا خَالِدٍ الْأَحْمَرَ، يَقُولُ: «اسْتُتِيبَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ الْعَظِيمِ مَرَّتَيْنِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١٩]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Musa al-Ansari narrated to us, saying: I heard Abu Khalid al-Ahmari say: "Abu Hanifa was asked to repent for a great matter twice."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 219]
أخبرنا علي بن طلحة المقرئ والحسن بن علي الجوهري قالا: أخبرنا عبد العزيز بن جعفر الخرقي، حدثنا علي بن إسحاق بن زاطيا، حدثنا أبو معمر القطيعي، حدثنا حجاج الأعور عن قيس بن الربيع قال: رأيت يوسف بن عثمان أمير الكوفة أقام أبا حنيفة على المصطبة يستتيبه من الكفر.
[تاريخ بغداد - الجزء ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٨-٣٧٩]
Ali ibn Talhah al-Muqri and Hassan ibn Ali al-Jawhari informed us, they said: Abdul Aziz ibn Ja'far al-Khurqi informed us, Ali ibn Ishaq ibn Zatayah informed us, Abu Mu'ammar al-Qutay'i informed us, Hajjaj al-A'war narrated from Qays ibn al-Rabi' who said: "I saw Yusuf ibn Uthman, the governor of Kufa, making Abu Hanifa stand on the platform and demanding his repentance from disbelief."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 378-379]
This narration seems to be correct, regardless of the weakness of Qays ibn Rabi'. He testifies an event, and that is different from narrating a statement.
أخبرنا الحسين بن محمد - أخو الخلال - أخبرنا جبريل بن محمد المعدل - بهمذان - حدثنا محمد بن حيويه النخاس حدثنا محمود بن غيلان، حدثنا يحيى بن آدم قال: سمعت شريكا يقول استتبت أبو حنيفة مرتين.
[تاريخ بغداد - الجزء ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٩]
Hussain bin Muhammad, the brother of al-Khallal, informed us, Jibreel bin Muhammad, the judge in Hamadhan, informed us, Muhammad bin Haywah al-Nakhass informed us, Mahmoud bin Ghailan informed us, Yahya bin Adam informed us, saying: I heard Sharik say, 'Abu Hanifa was made to repent twice.'
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 379]
أخبرنا ابن الفضل، أخبرنا ابن درستويه، حدثنا يعقوب، حدثني الوليد ابن عتبة الدمشقي - وكان ممن يهمه نفسه - حدثنا أبو مسهر، حدثنا يحيى بن حمزة - وسعيد بن عبد العزيز جالس - قال: حدثني شريك بن عبد الله - قاضي الكوفة - أن أبا حنيفة استتيب من الزندقة مرتين.
[تاريخ بغداد - الجزء ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٩]
Abu al-Fadl informed us, and Ibn Duraistawayh informed us, Ya'qub informed us, and Al-Walid bin Atbah Al-Dimashqi—who was concerned about his own reputation—told us, Abu Mushar informed us, and Yahya bin Hamzah—while Sa'id bin Abdul Aziz was present—told us that Sharik bin Abdullah, the judge of Kufa, said: 'Abu Hanifa was made to repent from zandaqah twice.'
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 379]
أخبرنا علي بن محمد بن عبد الله المعدل، أخبرنا محمد بن أحمد بن الحسن الصواف، أخبرنا عبد الله بن أحمد بن حنبل - إجازة - حدثني أبو معمر قال:
قيل لشريك: مم استتبتم أبو حنيفة؟ قال: من الكفر.
[تاريخ بغداد - الجزء ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٩]
'Ali bin Muhammad bin Abdullah Al-Mu'addal informed us, and Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Al-Hasan Al-Sawwaf informed us, and Abdullah bin Ahmad bin Hanbal—through permission—told me: Abu Ma'mar said: It was asked to Sharik: 'From what did you make Abu Hanifa repent?' He said: 'From disbelief.'
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 379]
أخبرنا ابن رزق، أخبرنا أحمد بن عبد الله الوراق، حدثنا أبو الحسن علي ابن إسحاق بن عيسى بن زاطيا المخرمي قال: سمعت إبراهيم بن سعيد الجوهري يقول: سمعت معاذ بن معاذ. وأخبرنا ابن الفضل، أخبرنا عثمان بن أحمد الدقاق، حدثنا سهل بن أبي سهل الواسطي، حدثنا أبو حفص عمرو بن علي قال: سمعت معاذ بن معاذ يقول: سمعت سفيان الثوري يقول: استتبت أبا حنيفة من الكفر مرتين.
[تاريخ بغداد - الجزء ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٩-٣٨٠]
Ibn Rizq informed us, and Ahmad bin Abdullah Al-Warraq informed us, and Abu Al-Hasan 'Ali bin Ishaq bin Isa bin Zatia Al-Mukhrami said: I heard Ibrahim bin Said Al-Juhari say: I heard Muadh bin Muadh.
And Ibn Al-Fadl informed us, 'Uthman bin Ahmad Al-Daqqaq informed us, Sahl bin Abi Sahl Al-Wasiti informed us, Abu Hafs Amr bin Ali said: I heard Muadh bin Muadh say: I heard Sufyan Al-Thawri say: "Abu Hanifa was made to repent from disbelief twice."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 379-380]
وأخبرنا ابن رزق، أخبرنا ابن سلم، حدثنا أحمد بن علي الأبار، حدثنا محمد بن يحيى، حدثنا نعيم بن حماد، حدثنا يحيى بن سعيد ومعاذ بن معاذ قالا. وأخبرنا ابن الفضل، أخبرنا ابن درستويه، حدثنا يعقوب، حدثنا نعيم قال:
سمعت معاذ بن معاذ ويحيى بن سعيد يقولان: سمعنا سفيان يقول: استتيب أبو حنيفة من الكفر مرتين. وقال يعقوب مرارا.
[تاريخ بغداد - الجزء ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٨٠]
Ibn Rizq informed us, Ibn Salam informed us, Ahmad ibn Ali al-Abar informed us, Muhammad ibn Yahya informed us, Nu'aym ibn Hammad ⓘ informed us, Yahya ibn Sa'id and Mu'adh ibn Mu'adh both said.
Ibn al-Fadl informed us, Ibn Dastawayh informed us, Ya'qub informed us, Nu'aym said: I heard Mu'adh ibn Mu'adh and Yahya ibn Sa'id both say: We heard Sufyan say: "Abu Hanifa was called to repentance from disbelief twice." Ya'qub said: 'several times'.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 380]
أخبرنا أبو نعيم الحافظ، حدثنا محمد بن أحمد بن الحسن، حدثنا بشر بن موسى، حدثنا عبد الله بن الزبير الحميدي قال: سمعت مؤملا يقول:
استتيب أبو حنيفة من الدهر مرتين.
[تاريخ بغداد - الجزء ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٨٠]
Abu Nuaym al-Hafidh informed us, Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn al-Hasan informed us, Bishr ibn Musa informed us, Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr al-Humaydi said: I heard Muammal say: "Abu Hanifa was called to repentance twice from al-Dahr (atheism)."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 380]
أخبرنا أبو سعيد الحسن بن محمد بن عبد الله بن حسنويه الكاتب - بأصبهان - أخبرنا أبو محمد عبد الله بن محمد بن عيسى بن مزيد الخشاب، حدثنا أحمد بن مهدي، حدثنا عبد الله بن معمر، حدثنا مؤمل بن إسماعيل قال:
سمعت سفيان الثوري يقول: إن أبا حنيفة استتيب من الزندقة مرتين.
[تاريخ بغداد - الجزء ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٨٠]
Abu Sa'id al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Hasanwayh al-Katib from Isfahan informed us, Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Isa ibn Mazid al-Khasshab informed us, Ahmad ibn Mahdi informed us, Abdullah ibn Ma'mar informed us, Muammal ibn Isma'il said: I heard Sufyan al-Thawri say: "Abu Hanifa was called to repentance from zandaqah twice."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 380]
وقال أحمد بن مهدي: حدثنا أحمد بن إبراهيم، حدثني سلم بن عبد الله، حدثنا جرير عن ثعلبة قال: سمعت سفيان الثوري - وذكر أبا حنيفة - فقال: لقد استتابه أصحابه من الكفر مرارا.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٨١]
And Ahmad bin Mahdi said: Ahmad bin Ibrahim narrated to us, who said: Salm bin Abdullah narrated to me, who said: Jareer narrated from Tha'labah, who said: I heard Sufyan al-Thawri mention Abu Hanifa and say: "Indeed, his companions made him repent from disbelief multiple times."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 381]
أخبرنا ابن رزق، أخبرنا عثمان بن أحمد الدقاق، حدثنا حنبل بن إسحاق، حدثنا الحميدي قال: سمعت سفيان - وهو ابن عيينة - يقول: استتيب أبو حنيفة من الدهر ثلاث مرات.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٨١]
Ibn Rizq informed us, 'Uthman bin Ahmad al-Daqqaq informed us, Hanbal bin Ishaq narrated to us, al-Humaydi narrated to us, saying: I heard Sufyan—referring to Ibn 'Uyaynah—say: "Abu Hanifa was made to repent from al-Dahr (atheism) three times."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 381]
أخبرنا ابن رزق، أخبرنا ابن سلم قال: حدثنا الأبار، حدثنا محمد بن يحيى النيسابوري، حدثنا نعيم بن حماد قال: قال يحيى بن حمزة وسعيد بن عبد العزيز: استتيب أبو حنيفة من الزندقة مرتين.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٨١]
Ibn Rizq informed us, Ibn Salam informed us, saying: Al-Abbar narrated to us, Muhammad bin Yahya al-Naysaburi narrated to us, and Nu'aym bin Hammad ⓘ narrated to us, saying: Yahya bin Hamzah and Sa'id bin Abdul-Aziz said: "Abu Hanifa was made to repent from zandaqah twice."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 381]
أخبرنا الحسن بن أبي بكر، أخبرنا عبد الله بن إسحاق البغوي، حدثنا الحسن بن عليل، حدثنا أحمد بن الحسين - صاحب القوهي - قال: سمعت يزيد بن زريع قال: استتيب أبو حنيفة مرتين.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٨١]
Al-Hasan bin Abi Bakr informed us, 'Abdullah bin Ishaq al-Baghawi informed us, Al-Hasan bin Alil narrated to us, Ahmad bin Al-Husayn—the associate of Al-Qawhi—narrated to us, saying: I heard Yazid bin Zuray’ say: "Abu Hanifa was made to repent twice."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 381]
أخبرنا ابن رزق والبرقاني قالا: أخبرنا محمد بن جعفر بن الهيثم الأنباري، حدثنا جعفر بن محمد بن شاكر. وأخبرنا الحسين بن الصوفي، أخبرنا محمد بن عبد الله الشافعي، حدثنا جعفر بن شاكر، حدثنا رجاء - وهو ابن السندي - قال: سمعت عبد الله بن إدريس يقول: استتيب أبو حنيفة مرتين. قال: وسمعت ابن إدريس يقول: كذاب من زعم أن الإيمان لا يزيد ولا ينقص.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٨١]
Ibn Rizq and Al-Barqani informed us, saying: Muhammad bin Ja'far bin Al-Haytham Al-Anbari narrated to us, Ja'far bin Muhammad bin Shakir narrated to us. Al-Husayn bin Al-Sufi informed us, Muhammad bin Abdullah Al-Shafi'i narrated to us, Ja'far bin Shakir narrated to us, Rajaa—who is Ibn Al-Sindi—narrated to us, saying: I heard 'Abdullah bin Idris say: "Abu Hanifa was made to repent twice."
He (Ibn al-Sindhi) said: "And I heard Ibn Idris say: 'Whoever claims that Eman does not increase or decrease is a liar.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 381]
أخبرنا القاضي أبو بكر الحيري، حدثنا أبو العباس محمد بن يعقوب الأصم قال: سمعت الربيع بن سليمان يقول: سمعت أسد بن موسى قال: استتيب أبو حنيفة مرتين.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٨١]
The judge Abu Bakr Al-Hayri told us: Abu Al-'Abbas Muhammad bin Ya’qub Al-Asam informed us, saying: I heard Al-Rabi' bin Sulayman say: I heard Asad bin Musa say: Abu Hanifa was asked to repent twice.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 381]
أخبرنا محمد بن عبد الله بن أبان الهيتي، حدثنا أحمد بن سلمان النجاد، حدثنا عبد الله بن أحمد بن حنبل قال: قلت لأبي: كان أبو حنيفة استتيب؟ قال: نعم.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٨٢]
Muhammad bin 'Abdullah bin Aban Al-Hayti told us: Ahmad bin Salman Al-Najjad informed us, saying: Abdullah bin Ahmad bin Hanbal said: I asked my father, "Was Abu Hanifa ever asked to repent?" He said, "Yes."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 382]
أخبرنا ابن رزق، أخبرنا أحمد بن جعفر بن سلم، أخبرنا أحمد بن علي الأبار، أخبرنا أحمد بن إبراهيم قال: قيل لشريك، أستتيب أبو حنيفة؟ قال: قد علم ذاك العواتق في خدورهن.
[تاريخ بغداد - الجزء ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٨]
Ibn Rizq informed us, Ahmad ibn Ja'far ibn Salam informed us, Ahmad ibn Ali al-Abar informed us, Ahmad ibn Ibrahim told us: It was said to Sharik, "Was Abu Hanifa given the opportunity to repent?" He said: "That is well known, even by the young women in their chambers."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 378]
٤٠٧ - أُخْبِرْتُ عَنْ هَوْذَةَ بْنِ خَلِيفَةَ قَالَ: «رَأَيْتُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ وَقَدْ أُخِذَ بِلِحْيَتِهِ كَأَنَّهُ تَيْسٌ وَهُوَ يُدَارُ بِهِ عَلَى الْحِلَقِ يُسْتَتَابُ مِنَ الْكُفْرِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٨]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
I was informed by Hawdhah ibn Khalifah who said: "I saw Abu Hanifa being seized by his beard as though he were a goat, and he was being dragged around in circles to be called to repent from disbelief."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 228]
This most likely refers to Abu Hanifa having been made to repent from his supposed saying that the Quran is created.
۸۰ - حدثني أبي قال: حدثني أبي قال: حدثني محمد بن أحمد بن حماد أبو بشر قال: حدثني محمد بن حماد بن المبارك قال: حدثني محمد بن سليمان #۷۳# قال: ثنا خالد بن يزيد الزيات قال: كان أبو حنيفة لا يحلف بالله عز وجل صادقاً ولو نُشِر، فسعى به إلى بعض ولاة الكوفة بأنه يقول: إن القرآن مخلوق وإلا فاستحلفه -لعلمهم بأنه لا يحلف- فإن حلف فهو صادق، فأخذه الوالي وجمع له الناس فقال له الوالي: ما يقول هؤلاء عليك؟ قال: وما يقولون؟ قال: يقولون: إنك تقول: القرآن مخلوق؟ قال: حق أقول إن شاء الله ما سمعت من يقوله ولا من يجادل فيه، وإنه لقول تضيق له النفس، قال: فتحلف أنك ما قلت هذا؟ قال: هو يعلم تبارك وتعالى مني خلاف ما يقولون، قال: فتحلف أنك ما قلت؟ قال: هو عندي أعظم من أن أحلف به صادقاً أو كاذباً، فقال له الوالي: أعاقبك إن لم تحلف، قال: أنت وذاك، قال: فأمر به فجرد، فلما رأى الوالي نحافة جسمه وشيبه قال له: أو تتوب؟ قال: ما قلت ما ادعي عليّ قط ولا أعتقده، قال: فتُب، قال: اللهم تب علينا، قال: فقيل: استتيب أبو حنيفة استتيب أبو حنيفة.
[فضائل أبي حنيفة وأخباره - ابن أبي العوام - الصفحة ٨٢]
Abu al-Qaasim Ibn Abi al-'Awwam mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Hammad Abu Bashar told me, he said: Muhammad ibn Hammad ibn al-Mubarak told me, he said: Muhammad ibn Suleiman told me, he said: Khalid ibn Yazid al-Zayyat told me, he said:
Abu Hanifa never swore by Allah, even if it were true, and it was spread among some of the rulers of Kufa that he said the Quran was created, so they summoned him to swear an oath—because they knew he would not swear. If he swore, they would consider him truthful.
The ruler took him and gathered the people, and the ruler said to him: What do these people say about you? He said: What do they say? He said: They say you say the Quran is created? He said: I will say nothing but the truth, if Allah wills. I have not heard anyone say it (that the Quran is created), nor argue about it. It is a statement that tightens the heart (meaning, a horrible statement).
He said: Will you swear that you didn’t say this? He said: He (Allah), may He be exalted, knows that what they claim is false. He said: Will you swear you didn’t say it? He said: It is greater for me to swear, whether it be true or false. The ruler said to him: I will punish you if you do not swear. He said: Do as you please. So the ruler ordered him to be stripped. When the ruler saw his thin body and old age, he said to him: Will you repent? He said: I never said what they claim against me, nor do I believe it. He said: Then repent. He said: O Allah, forgive us all.
It was then said: Abu Hanifa repented, Abu Hanifa repented.
[Fadaail Abi Hanifa wa Akhbaarahu - Ibn Abi al-'Awwam - Page 82]
Abu Hanifa issued a Fatwa that a person who doubts the location of the Ka'ba or the Prophet's grave would still be considered a believer.
This created a lot of chaos among the Salaf Saliheen, and they started attacking him over it.
However, Abu Hanifa did not believe that a person who doubts such things out of denial would be a believer, rather he would be a disbeliever.
His Fatwa should be understood inside the boundaries of his Madhab. The Hanafi madhab does not hold that doubting such issues does not constitute to kufr.
We believe that Abu Hanifa aimed this Fatwa at a convert of Islam, who doubts it out of ignorance, not out of denial. In that case, it would not be Kufr to issue such a fatwa.
حدثني أبي قال حدثنا مؤمل بن إسماعيل قال حدثنا سفيان الثوري قال حدثني عباد بن كثير قال قال لي عمرو بن عبيد سل أبا حنيفة عن رجل قال أنا أعلم أن الكعبة حق وأنها بيت الله ولكن لا أدري هي التي بمكة أو التي بخراسان أمؤمن هو قال مؤمن قال لي سله عن رجل قال أنا أعلم أن محمدا صلى الله عليه وسلم حق وأنه رسول الله ولكن لا أدري هو الذي كان بالمدينة أو محمد آخر أمؤمن هو قال مؤمن قال أبي استتابوه أظن في هذه الآية سبحان ربك رب العزة عما يصفون قال هو مخلوق
[العلل - أحمد بن حنبل - ج ٢ - الصفحة ٥٤٦]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
My father narrated to me, saying: Mu'ammal ibn Isma'il narrated to us, saying: Sufyan al-Thawri narrated to us, saying: 'Abbad ibn Kathir ⓘ said: 'Amr ibn 'Ubayd (Mu'tazili) said to me: "Abu Hanifa was asked about a man who said: 'I know that the Ka'bah is the truth and that it is the house of Allah, but I do not know if it is the one in Mecca or the one in Khurasan. Is he a believer?' He (Abu Hanifa) said: 'He is a believer.'
Then he was asked about a man who says: 'I know that Muhammad, peace be upon him, is the truth and that he is the Messenger of Allah, but I do not know if it was him in Madinah or another Muhammad.' Is he a believer?' He (Abu Hanifa) said: 'He is a believer.'
My father said: 'They asked him to repent; I think it was for this verse: 'Glory is to your Lord, the Lord of Might, above what they describe' (37:180), that he (Abu Hanifa) said it is created.'"
[Al-'Ilal - Imam Ahmad - Volume 2 - Page 546]
٢٧٤ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، حَدَّثَنَا مُؤَمَّلُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، نا سُفْيَانُ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبَّادُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ لِي عُمَرُ بْنُ. . . " سَلْ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ: أَنَا أَعْلَمُ أَنَّ الْكَعْبَةَ حَقٌّ وَأَنَّهَا بَيْتُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَلَكِنْ لَا أَدْرِي أَهِيَ الَّتِي بِمَكَّةَ أَوِ الَّتِي بِخُرَاسَانَ أَمُؤْمِنٌ هُوَ؟ قَالَ: مُؤْمِنٌ، فَقَالَ لِي: سَلْهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ: أَنَا أَعْلَمُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حَقٌّ وَأَنَّهُ رَسُولُ وَلَكِنْ لَا أَدْرِي أَهُوَ الَّذِي كَانَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ أَمْ مُحَمَّدٌ آخَرُ أَمُؤْمِنٌ هُوَ؟ قَالَ: مُؤْمِنٌ "
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩٤]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
My father narrated to me, from Muammal ibn Isma’il, who said: Sufyan narrated to me, from 'Abbad ibn Kathir ⓘ, who said: Umar ibn ... (unknown) said to me: "Ask Abu Hanifa about a man who said: ‘I know that the Ka’bah is true and that it is the House of Allah, but I do not know if it is the one in Mecca or the one in Khurasan. Is he a believer?’ He said: ‘A believer.’ Then he said to me: ‘Ask him about a man who said: ‘I know that Muhammad (ﷺ) is true and that he is the Messenger, but I do not know if he is the one who was in Medina or if there is another Muhammad. Is he a believer?’ He said: ‘A believer.’"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 194]
٢٧٥ - حَدَّثَنِي هَارُونُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، نا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، نا حَمْزَةُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، مِنْ آلِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَجُلًا، يَسْأَلُ ⦗١٩٥⦘ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ عَنْ رَجُلٍ، قَالَ: أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ الْكَعْبَةَ، حَقٌّ وَلَكِنْ لَا أَدْرِي هَلْ هِيَ هَذِهِ أَمْ لَا؟ فَقَالُ: مُؤْمِنٌ حَقًّا، وَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ: أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ نَبِيُّ وَلَكِنْ لَا أَدْرِي هُوَ الَّذِي قَبْرُهُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ أَمْ لَا، فَقَالُ: مُؤْمِنٌ حَقًّا، قَالَ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ «مَنْ قَالَ هَذَا فَقَدْ كَفَرَ»، قَالَ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ: وَكَانَ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ حَمْزَةَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ،
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩٤]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Harun ibn Abdullah narrated to me, from Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr al-Humaydi, from Hamza ibn al-Harith ibn Umayr, who is from the family of Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), from his father (Al-Harith ibn 'Umayr) ⓘ, who said: I heard a man ask Abu Hanifa in the Haram Mosque about a man who said: "I bear witness that the Ka’bah is true, but I do not know if it is this one or not." He said: "A true believer." He then asked him about a man who said: "I bear witness that Muhammad ibn Abdullah is a prophet, but I do not know if he is the one whose grave is in Medina or not." He said: "A true believer."
Al-Humaydi said, "Whoever says this has committed kufr." Al-Humaydi also mentioned that Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah narrated from Hamza ibn al-Harith.
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 194]
٢٧٦ - حَدَّثَنِي هَارُونُ، ثنا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، ثنا مُؤَمَّلُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ بِنَحْوِ حَدِيثِ حَمْزَةَ
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩٤]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Harun narrated to me, al-Humaydi narrated to us, from Muammal ibn Ismail, from al-Thawri rahimahullah (from 'Abbad), with a narration similar to the one of Hamzah.
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 194]
أخبرنا علي بن محمد بن عبد الله المعدل، أخبرنا محمد بن عمرو بن البختري الرزاز، حدثنا حنبل بن إسحاق، حدثنا الحميدي، حدثنا حمزة بن الحارث ابن عمير عن أبيه قال: سمعت رجلا يسأل أبا حنيفة في المسجد الحرام عن رجل قال: أشهد أن الكعبة حق، ولكن لا أدري: هي هذه التي بمكة أم لا؟ فقال: مؤمن حقا. وسأله عن رجل. قال: أشهد أن محمد بن عبد الله نبي ولكن لا أدري: هو الذي قبره بالمدينة أم لا؟ فقال: مؤمن حقا. قال الحميدي: ومن قال هذا فقد كفر.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٦٧]
'Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Abd Allah al-Mu'addil narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Amr ibn al-Bakhtari al-Razzaz narrated to us, Hanbal ibn Ishaq narrated to us, al-Humaydi narrated to us, Hamzah ibn al-Harith ibn Umayr narrated from his father (Al-Harith ibn 'Umayr) ⓘ, who said:
I heard a man asking Abu Hanifa in the Sacred Mosque about someone who said: "I bear witness that the Ka'bah is true, but I don't know whether it is the one in Mecca or not." Abu Hanifa replied: "He is truly a believer."
The man then asked him about another person who said: "I bear witness that Muhammad ibn Abd Allah is a prophet, but I don't know if he is the one whose grave is in Medina or not." Abu Hanifa replied: "He is truly a believer."
Al-Humaydi said: "Whoever says this has committed disbelief (kufr)."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 367]
أخبرنا علي بن محمد بن عبد الله المعدل، أخبرنا محمد بن عمرو بن البختري الرزاز، حدثنا حنبل بن إسحاق، حدثنا الحميدي، حدثنا حمزة بن الحارث ابن عمير عن أبيه قال: سمعت رجلا يسأل أبا حنيفة في المسجد الحرام عن رجل قال: أشهد أن الكعبة حق، ولكن لا أدري: هي هذه التي بمكة أم لا؟ فقال: مؤمن حقا. وسأله عن رجل. قال: أشهد أن محمد بن عبد الله نبي ولكن لا أدري: هو الذي قبره بالمدينة أم لا؟ فقال: مؤمن حقا. قال الحميدي: ومن قال هذا فقد كفر.
قال: وكان سفيان يحدث به عن حمزة بن الحارث.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٦٧]
'Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Abd Allah al-Mu'addil narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Amr ibn al-Bakhtari al-Razzaz narrated to us, Hanbal ibn Ishaq narrated to us, al-Humaydi narrated to us, Hamzah ibn al-Harith ibn Umayr narrated from his father (Al-Harith ibn 'Umayr) ⓘ, who said:
I heard a man asking Abu Hanifa in the Sacred Mosque about someone who said: "I bear witness that the Ka'bah is true, but I don't know whether it is the one in Mecca or not." Abu Hanifa replied: "He is truly a believer."
The man then asked him about another person who said: "I bear witness that Muhammad ibn Abd Allah is a prophet, but I don't know if he is the one whose grave is in Medina or not." Abu Hanifa replied: "He is truly a believer."
Al-Humaydi said: "Whoever says this has committed disbelief (kufr). And Sufyan narrated it from Hamzah ibn al-Harith."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 367]
أخبرني الحسن بن محمد الخلال، حدثنا محمد بن العباس الخزاز. وأخبرنا محمد بن أحمد بن محمد بن حسنون النرسي، أخبرنا موسى بن عيسى بن عبد الله السراج قالا: حدثنا محمد بن محمد الباغندي، حدثنا أبي قال: كنت عند عبد الله بن الزبير، فأتاه كتاب أحمد بن حنبل: اكتب إلى بأشنع مسألة عن أبي حنيفة. فكتب إليه: حدثني الحارث بن عمير قال: سمعت أبا حنيفة يقول: لو أن رجلا: قال أعرف لله بيتا ولا أدري أهو الذي بمكة أو غيره، أمؤمن هو؟ قال نعم!
ولو أن رجلا قال: أعلم أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قد مات ولا أدري أدفن بالمدينة أو غيرها، أمؤمن هو؟ قال: نعم!
قال الحارث بن عمير، وسمعته يقول: لو أن شاهدين شهدا عند قاض أن فلان بن فلان طلق امرأته، وعلما جميعا أنهما شهدا بالزور، ففرق القاضي بينهما، ثم لقيها أحد الشاهدين فله أن يتزوج بها؟ قال: نعم! قال: ثم علم القاضي بعد، أله أن يفرق بينهما؟ قال: لا.
هكذا قال في هذه الرواية: عن عبد الله بن الزبير الحميدي عن الحارث بن عمير من غير أن يذكر ابنه بينهما.
[تاريخ بغداد - المجلد ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٦٧-٣٦٨]
Al-Hasan ibn Muhammad al-Khallal narrated to me, and Muhammad ibn al-'Abbas al-Khazzaz reported to us. Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Hassnun al-Narsi informed us, and Musa ibn Isa ibn Abdullah al-Sarraj said: Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Baghandi narrated to us, and my father reported:
I was with Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr (al-Humaydi) when he received a letter from Ahmad ibn Hanbal, stating: "Write to me about the most shocking issue related to Abu Hanifa."
So, he (al-Humaydi) wrote back to him: Al-Harith ibn 'Umayr ⓘ narrated to me, saying: I heard Abu Hanifa say: "If a man were to say, 'I acknowledge that there is a House of Allah, but I do not know if it is the one in Mecca or another one,' is he a believer?" He said: "Yes."
And if a man were to say, 'I know that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) has passed away, but I do not know if he was buried in Medina or elsewhere,' is he a believer?" He said: "Yes."
Al-Harith ibn 'Umayr ⓘ said, and I heard him say: “If two witnesses testified before a judge that a certain man divorced his wife, while both of them knew that they had falsely testified, and the judge separated them [the couple], then one of the witnesses later married her—does he have the right to do so?” He said: “Yes.”
Then, if the judge later learns of the matter, does he have the right to annul their marriage? He said: “No.”
This was narrated in this account from 'Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr al-Humaydi on the authority of al-Harith ibn Umayr, without mentioning his son between them.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 367-368]
أخبرنا محمد بن أحمد بن رزق وأبو بكر البرقاني قالا: أخبرنا محمد بن جعفر بن الهيثم الأنباري قال: حدثنا جعفر بن محمد بن شاكر - زاد ابن رزق الزاهد. ثم اتفقا - قال: حدثنا رجاء بن السندي الخراساني قال: سمعت حمزة بن الحارث بن عمير ذكره عن أبيه قال: قلت لأبي حنيفة - أو قيل له وهو يسمع - رجل قال: أشهد أن الكعبة حق، غير أني لا أدري أهو هذا البيت الذي يحج الناس إليه، ويطوفون حوله، أو بيت بخراسان أمؤمن هذا؟ - وقال البرقاني، أمؤمن هو؟ قال:
نعم.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٦٨]
Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rizq and Abu Bakr al-Barqani narrated to us: Muhammad ibn Ja'far ibn al-Haytham al-Anbari said: Ja'far ibn Muhammad ibn Shakir narrated to us - and Ibn Rizq added "al-Zahid" - then they both agreed: "Raja ibn al-Sindi al-Khurasani said: I heard Hamza ibn al-Harith ibn Umayr mention from his father (Al-Harith ibn 'Umayr) ⓘ:
'I asked Abu Hanifa, or it was asked of him while he was listening: A man said, "I testify that the Ka'bah is true, but I do not know whether this is the house that people pilgrimage to and circumambulate, or if it is a house in Khurasan. Is he a believer?"' - and al-Barqani added: 'Is he a believer?' He said: 'Yes.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 368]
أخبرنا ابن رزق، أخبرنا جعفر بن محمد بن نصير الخلدي، حدثنا أبو جعفر محمد بن عبد الله بن سليمان الحضرمي - في صفر سنة سبع وتسعين ومائتين - حدثنا عامر بن إسماعيل، حدثنا مؤمل عن سفيان الثوري قال: حدثنا عباد بن كثير قال: قلت لأبي حنيفة: رجل قال أنا أعلم أن الكعبة حق، وأنها بيت الله، ولكن لا أدري هي التي بمكة، أو هي بخراسان، أمؤمن هو؟ قال: نعم مؤمن. قلت له:
فما تقول في رجل قال: أنا أعلم أن محمدا رسول الله، ولكن لا أدري
هو الذي كان بالمدينة من قريش أو محمد آخر، أمؤمن هو؟ قال: نعم. قال مؤمل:
قال سفيان: وأنا أقول: من شك في هذا فهو كافر.
[تاريخ بغداد - الجزء ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٦٨-٣٦٩]
Ibn Rizq narrated to us, Ja'far ibn Muhammad ibn Nasir al-Khuladi narrated to us, Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Sulayman al-Hadrami narrated to us - in Safar of the year 297 AH - and he said: "A'mar ibn Ismail narrated to us, Muammal narrated to us from Sufyan al-Thawri, who said:
'Abbad ibn Kathir ⓘ narrated to us that he said to Abu Hanifa: A man said, "I know that the Ka'bah is true and that it is the House of Allah, but I do not know whether it is the one in Mecca or another in Khurasan. Is he a believer?" He said: "Yes, he is a believer." I asked him: "What about a man who says, 'I know that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, but I do not know if he was the one in Medina from Quraysh or another Muhammad. Is he a believer?" He said: "Yes."
Muammal said: "Sufyan said: And I say, whoever doubts this is a disbeliever.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 368-369]
أنا محمد بن أبي بكر ، أنا محمد بن مخلد ، قال : نا الحسن بن الصباح ، قال : نا مؤمل ، قال : نا سفيان ، قال : سمعت عباد بن كثير ، يقول : " استتيب أبو حنيفة مرتين ، قال مرة : لو أن رجلا قال : أشهد أن لله بيتا إلا أني لا أدري أهو هذا أو بيت بخراسان كان عندي مؤمنا ؟ ولو أن رجلا قال : أشهد أن محمدا رسول الله إلا أني لا أدري أهو الذي بالمدينة أو رجل كان بخراسان ؟ كان عندي مؤمنا " .
[شرح أصول اعتقاد - المجلد ٥ - الصفحة ١٠٦٨]
Imam Lalakaee mentioned:
From Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr, from Muhammad ibn Makhlad, he said: Hassan ibn al-Sabah told us: Muammal told us: Sufyan told us: I heard 'Abbad ibn Kathir ⓘ say: "Abu Hanifa was made to repent twice. He (Abu Hanifa) once said: If a man said, 'I bear witness that Allah has a house, but I do not know if it is this one or a house in Khurasan,' he would be considered a believer by me. And if a man said, 'I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, but I do not know if he is the one in Medina or a man in Khurasan,' he would be considered a believer by me."
[Sharh Usul I'tiqaad - Volume 2 - Page 1069]
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ [٢] ثنا حَمْزَةُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ مَوْلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَجُلًا يَسْأَلُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ الْكَعْبَةَ حَقٌّ وَلَكِنْ لَا أَدْرِي هِيَ هَذِهِ أَمْ لَا، فَقَالَ: مُؤْمِنٌ حَقًّا. وَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ نَبِيٌّ وَلَكِنْ لَا أَدْرِي هُوَ الَّذِي قَبْرُهُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ أَمْ لَا. قَالَ: مُؤْمِنٌ حَقًّا- قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ:
وَمَنْ قَالَ هَذَا فَقَدْ كَفَرَ-.
قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: وَكَانَ سُفْيَانُ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ حَمْزَةَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ حدثنا مؤمل ابن إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ بِمِثْلِ مَعْنَى حَدِيثِ حَمْزَةَ.
[المعرفة والتاريخ - الفسوي - الجزء ٢ - الصفحة ٧٨٧-٧٨٨]
Al-Fassawi mentioned:
Abu Bakr al-Humaydi narrated to us, Hamza ibn al-Harith the freedman of 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, narrated from his father (Al-Harith ibn 'Umayr) ⓘ, who said:
"I heard a man asking Abu Hanifa in al-Masjid al-Haram about a person who said: 'I testify that the Ka'bah is true, but I do not know if it is this one or not.' Abu Hanifa said: 'He is a true believer.'
The man then asked him about another person who said: 'I testify that Muhammad ibn Abdullah is a prophet, but I do not know if it is the one whose grave is in Medina or not.' Abu Hanifa said: 'He is a true believer.'
Abu Bakr al-Humaydi said: 'Whoever says this has disbelieved.'
Abu Bakr also said: Sufyan used to narrate from Hamza ibn al-Harith. Muammal ibn Isma'il narrated to us from al-Thawri with a similar meaning to Hamza’s narration."
[Al-Ma'rifah wal-Tarikh - Al-Fassawi - Volume 2 - Page 787-788]
Explanation:
The doubter of the location of the Ka'ba and the Prophet's grave is of two types:
- He either doubts this due to ignorance, as he just converted to Islam and has not been given the information about this yet. (this is excused due to ignorance) If Abu Hanifa's Fatwa was given to this specific person, then his Fatwa would not be Kufr, as the questioner should be given Hujjah.
- Or he either doubts it out of denial, going against the clear evidences he has observed throughout the time he was a Muslim. (this is outright Kufr) If Abu Hanifa's Fatwa was given to this specific person, then his Fatwa would indeed be outright Kufr, as he would view one to still be a believer even when he denies the location of the Ka'ba or the Prophet's grave. And Abu Hanifa would have been a kafir for that, for which repentance must be sought.
Abu Hanifa was made to repent from 'Khalq al-Quran' and extreme Irja (this Fatwa).
If his Fatwa was aimed at a convert to Islam, then it would have not been kufr. But if it was aimed at a Muslim, it was indeed kufr to give such a Fatwa.
It is either that he indeed committed kufr by issuing that fatwa, or that he did not, but was still made to repent from it. We believe the latter is true, as we do not think Abu Hanifa would ever declare someone to still be a believer if they willingly reject the location of the Ka'ba or the Prophet's grave.
Making sense of the narrations of Abu Hanifa's having been forced to repent
There are many narration regarding Abu Hanifa having been made to repent. Majority of them do not say what he was made to repent from. However, Sharik did say it was about: 'Khalq al-Quran' and Irja.
He (Sharik) added to it that Abu Hanifa was made to repent from Zandaqah, which means major kufr. So this type of Irja he meant was major Kufr, meaning the Irja of the Jahmiyyah. And this was carried out by the rulers of Kufah.
Then Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah also made clear that Abu Hanifa was made to repent by his own companions. This would have been a different situation, which was further explained by a narration of Ibn Abi al-'Awwam. It was about the Khawarij.
So Abu Hanifa was made to repent by the rulers of Kufah for: 'Khalq al-Quran' and Irja of the Jahmiyyah (due to his Fatwa). And besides that he was made to repent twice by the Khawarij, for holding the view that major sins do not expel a person from the religion.
This is what we find to be the most correct stance regarding the fact that Abu Hanifa was made to repent.
We hold that Abu Hanifa was innocent of what he was accused of, but was still forced to repent.
Abu Hanifa was indeed a Murji, and this was authentically reported from himself and from the Salaf Saliheen. He was a student from Hammad ibn Abi Sulaymaan, who was also a Murji.
The Murjiah are divided, Abu Hanifa is from "Murjiatul-Fuqaha". They are regarded to be the least extreme form of the Murjiah.
The Salaf Saliheen have talked about the dangers of the Murjiah, and they aimed at the other group, and they are the extreme Murjiah.
They believe that any Muslim, whether a mass murderer or a habitual fornicator will end up in Paradise automatically, without any accountability.
They believe this because such a person would be a Muslim, and to them every Muslim will be admitted into Paradise automatically.
Abu Hanifa is distant from that group of the Murjiah, and he spoke against them, just like many from the Salaf Saliheen.
Abu Hanifa believes the Muslims will be held accountable if Allah wills. He may forgive, or He may punish, based on the actions of the Muslim. This is in accordance with Ahl Sunnah.
Because of this reason, Abu Hanifa only disagrees with Ahl Sunnah on the verbal concept and meaning of Iman. Which is still an innovation, but it was not considered to be a very major innovation.
Below are the narrations concerning the critique Abu Hanifa received because of his Irja.
حَدَّثَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي خَالِدٍ الْمِصِّيصِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ وَكِيعَ بْنَ الْجَرَّاحِ، وَسُئِلَ عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ قَالَ: كَانَ مُرْجِئًا يَرَى السَّيْفَ.
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
Al-Fadl ibn Abdullah narrated to us, saying: Muhammad ibn Abi Khalid Al-Missiysi narrated to us, saying: I heard Waki' ibn Al-Jarrah, and he was asked about Abu Hanifa. He said: "He was a Murji and saw the sword (meaning he supported rebellion against the Muslim ruler)."
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
ثنا أحمد بن علي المدائني ثنا موسى بن النعمان ثنا سعيد بن راشد قال جلس أبو حنيفة إلى أيوب فقال حدثني سالم الأفطس ان سعيد بن جبير كان يرى الارجاء فقال له أيوب كذبت قال لي سعيد بن جبير لا تقربن طلق فإنه مرجئ
[الكامل - عبد الله بن عدي - ج ٧ - الصفحة ٧]
Ibn 'Adiy mentioned:
Ahmad ibn Ali al-Madaaini narrated to us, Musa ibn al-Nu’man narrated to us, and Sa’id ibn Rashid narrated to us, saying:
Abu Hanifa sat with Ayoub and said to him: 'Saalim al-Aftas told me that Sa'eed ibn Jubayr believed in Irja.' Ayoub replied: 'You lied.' He then said: 'Saeed ibn Jubayr told me: 'Do not approach Talq, for he is a Murji'."
[Al-Kaamil - Ibn 'Adiy - Volume 7 - Page 7]
حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ قَالَ: شَهِدْتُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ وَسُئِلَ عَنِ الْوِتْرِ فَقَالَ: فَرِيضَةٌ. قُلْتُ: كَمِ الصَّلَوَاتُ؟ قَالَ: خَمْسٌ.
قُلْتُ: فَالْوِتْرُ؟ قَالَ: فَرِيضَةٌ.
«وَقَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ قَالَ: جَلَسْتُ إِلَى أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ فَذَكَرَ سَعِيدَ بْنَ جُبَيْرٍ فَانْتَحَلَهُ لِلْأَرْجَاءِ. فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ مَنْ مُحَدِّثُكَ؟ قَالَ: سَالِمٌ الْأَفْطَسُ. فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّ سَالِمًا كَانَ مُرْجِئًا، وَلَكِنْ حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ قَالَ: رَآنِي سَعِيدٌ جَلَسْتُ إِلَى طَلْقٍ [٥] فَقَالَ: ألَمْ أَرَكَ جَلَسْتَ إِلَى طَلْقٍ! لَا تُجَالِسْهُ. فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: يَا أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ فَمَا كَانَ رأي طلق؟ قال:
فسكت، ثم سأله فَسَكَتَ، ثُمَّ سَأَلَهُ فَسَكَتَ، فَقَالَ: وَيْحَكَ كَانَ يَرَى الْعَدْلَ». ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيَّ فَقَالَ: يَرْحَمُ اللَّهُ أَيُّوبَ لَقَدْ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ وَأَنَا بِهَا، فَقُلْتُ لَأَجْلِسَنَّ إِلَيْهِ لَعَلِّي أَتَعَلَّقُ عَلَيْهِ بِسَقْطَةٍ. قَالَ: فَجَاءَ فَقَامَ مِنَ الْقَبْرِ مَقَامًا لَا أَذْكُرُ ذَلِكَ الْمَقَامَ إِلَّا اقْشَعَرَّ جِلْدِي.
[المعرفة والتاريخ - الفسوي - المجلد ٢ - الصفحة ٧٩١]
Al-Fassawi mentioned:
Sulaiman bin Harb narrated to us: Hammad bin Zayd said, "I witnessed Abu Hanifa being asked about the Witr prayer. He said, 'It is an obligation.'
I asked, 'How many are the obligatory prayers?'
He said, 'Five.'
I asked, 'And the Witr?'
He replied, 'It is an obligation.'"
Hammad bin Zayd also said, "I sat with Abu Hanifa in the Sacred Mosque (Masjid al-Haram), and he mentioned Sa'id bin Jubayr and attributed to him the doctrine of Murji’ah.
I said, 'O Abu Hanifa, who narrated this to you?'
He replied, 'Salim al-Aftas.'
I said, 'Salim was indeed a Murji’i, but Ayoub narrated to us saying: Sa'id saw me sitting with Talaq and said, "Didn’t I see you sitting with Talaq? Do not sit with him (because he is Murji)."'
A man then asked Abu Hanifa, 'What was Talaq’s opinion?'
Abu Hanifa remained silent. The man asked him again, and he stayed silent. The man asked him a third time, and he stayed silent. Finally, Abu Hanifa said, 'Woe to you! He held the view of justice.'
Abu Hanifa then turned to me and said, 'May Allah have mercy on Ayoub. He came to Medina while I was there, and I thought to myself, "Let me sit with him, perhaps I can catch him in a mistake." When he came, he stood near the grave (of the Prophet ﷺ) in such a manner that whenever I recall that scene, my skin shivers.'"
[Al-Ma'rifah wal-Tarikh - Al-Fassawi - Volume 2 - Page 793-794]
Ayyub used to cry when being present at the grave of the Prophet. That is what Abu Hanifa was talking about.
«حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْخَلِيلِ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَةُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ الْمُبَارَكِ- وَذَكَرَ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ- فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: هَلْ كَانَ فِيهِ مِنَ الْهَوَى شَيْءٌ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، الْأَرْجَاءُ».
[المعرفة والتاريخ - الفسوي - الجزء ٢ - الصفحة ٧٨٣]
Al-Fassawi mentioned:
Ahmad ibn al-Khalil narrated to us that 'Abda said: I heard Ibn al-Mubarak mention Abu Hanifa, and a man asked: 'Was there any deviation in him?' He replied: 'Yes, it was Irja.'"
[Al-Ma'rifah wal-Tarikh - Al-Fassawi - Volume 2 - Page 783]
حدثنا أحمد بن عبد الله حدثنا مسلمة بن القاسم حدثنا أحمد بن عيسى حدثنا محمد بن أحمد بن فيروز حدثنا علي بن خشرم قال سمعت الفضل بن موسى يقول دخلت مع أبي حنيفة على الأعمش نعوده فقال أبو حنيفة يا أبا محمد لولا التثقيل عليك الزدت في عيادتك أو قال لعدتك أكثر مما أعودك فقال له الأعمش والله إنك علي لثقيل وأنت في بيتك فكيف إذا دخلت علي قال الفضل فما خرجنا من عنده قال أبو حنيفة أن الأعمش لم يصم رمضان قط ولم يغتسل من جنابة فقلت للفضل ما يعني بذلك قال كان الأعمش يرى الماء من الماء ويتسحر على حديث حذيفة
[جامع بيان العلم وفضله - ابن عبد البر - ج ٢ - الصفحة ١٥٧]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
Ahmed ibn Abdullah narrated to us, saying: Maslama ibn al-Qasim narrated to us, saying: Ahmed ibn Isa narrated to us, saying: Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Firuz narrated to us, saying: Ali ibn Khushram narrated to us, saying: I heard al-Fadl ibn Musa say:
"I entered with Abu Hanifa to visit al-A'mash while he was ill. Abu Hanifa said, 'O Abu Muhammad, if it were not for burdening you, I would have increased my visits to you,' or he said, 'I would visit you more often than I do.' Al-A'mash replied, 'By Allah, you are a burden on me even when you are in your own house, so how could it be if you came to me?'"
Al-Fadl continued: "When we left his place, Abu Hanifa said, 'Al-A'mash has never fasted Ramadan, nor has he ever performed ghusl (ritual purification) after major impurity.' I asked al-Fadl, 'What does he mean by that?' He replied, 'Al-A'mash used to believe in the principle of water from water and would eat the pre-dawn meal (for fasting) based on the narration of Hudhayfah.'"
[Jaami' al-Bayaan wa Fadlihi - Volume 2 - Page 157]
We believe Al-A'mash did not want to be around Abu Hanifa anymore because of his view of Irja. Al-A'mash viewed the Murjiah to be very dangerous.
أخبرنا أبو سعيد الحسن بن محمد بن حسنويه الكاتب - بأصبهان - أخبرنا عبد الله بن محمد بن عيسى بن مزيد الخشاب، حدثنا أحمد بن مهدي بن محمد بن رستم، حدثنا أحمد بن إبراهيم، حدثني عبد السلام - يعني ابن عبد الرحمن - قال: حدثني إسماعيل بن عيسى بن علي قال: قال لي شريك: كفر أبو حنيفة بآيتين من كتاب الله تعالى، قال الله تعالى: * (ويقيموا الصلاة ويؤتوا الزكاة وذلك دين القيمة) * [البينة 5] وقال الله تعالى: * (ليزدادوا إيمانا مع إيمانهم) * [الفتح 4] وزعم أبو حنيفة أن الإيمان لا يزيد ولا ينقص، وزعم أن الصلاة ليست من دين الله.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٦٩]
Abu Sa'id al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn Hasanwayh al-Katib narrated to us – from Isfahan – Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Isa ibn Mazid al-Khassab narrated to us, Ahmad ibn Mahdi ibn Muhammad ibn Rustam narrated to us, Ahmad ibn Ibrahim narrated to me, Abdul-Salam – meaning Ibn Abdul-Rahman – said: Ismail ibn Isa ibn Ali narrated:
Sharik said: "Abu Hanifa disbelieved in two verses from the Book of Allah. Allah, the Most High, said: 'And establish the prayer and give the zakah. That is the true religion' [Al-Bayyina 5], and Allah, the Most High, said: 'So that they may increase in faith along with their faith' [Al-Fath 4]. Abu Hanifa claimed that faith neither increases nor decreases, and he also claimed that prayer is not a part of the religion of Allah."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 369]
Abu Hanifa, due to his deviation with regards to Iman, does contradict those verses, even if he did not view it that way due to his wrong understanding regarding those verses.
The Salaf Saliheen did not regard the Murjiah to be kuffar. They regarded the Jahmiyyah to be kuffar, who held a much more extreme position of Irja.
أخبرني عبد الباقي بن عبد الكريم بن عمر المؤدب، أخبرنا عبد الرحمن بن عمر الخلال، حدثنا محمد بن أحمد بن يعقوب، حدثنا جدي قال: حدثني أحمد بن سهل قال: سمعت يحيى بن أيوب قال: سمعت يزيد بن هارون ذكر أبا حنيفة فقال: أبو حنيفة رجل من الناس، خطؤه كخطأ الناس وصوابه كصواب الناس.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٦٦]
Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rizq narrated to us, Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn Ja‘far ibn Muhammad ibn Sallam al-Khatli narrated to us, saying: Abu al-‘Abbas Ahmad ibn ‘Ali ibn Muslim al-Abbar dictated to us—in the month of Jumada al-Akhirah of the year 288 AH—saying:
Among those who refuted Abu Hanifa were:
Ayyub al-Sakhtiyani, Jarir ibn Hazim, Hammam ibn Yahya, Hammad ibn Salamah, Hammad ibn Zayd, Abu ‘Awanah, ‘Abd al-Warith, Suwar al-‘Anbari the judge, Yazid ibn Zuray‘, ‘Ali ibn ‘Asim, Malik ibn Anas, Ja‘far ibn Muhammad, ‘Umar ibn Qays, Abu ‘Abd al-Rahman al-Muqri’, Sa‘id ibn ‘Abd al-‘Aziz, al-Awza‘i, ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Mubarak, Abu Ishaq al-Fazari, Yusuf ibn Asbat, Muhammad ibn Jabir, Sufyan al-Thawri, Sufyan ibn ‘Uyaynah, Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman, Ibn Abi Layla, Hafs ibn Ghiyath, Abu Bakr ibn ‘Ayyash, Sharik ibn ‘Abd Allah, Waki‘ ibn al-Jarrah, Raqabah ibn Masqalah, al-Fadl ibn Musa, ‘Isa ibn Yunus, al-Hajjaj ibn Arta’ah, Malik ibn Mighwal, al-Qasim ibn Habib, and Ibn Shabramah.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 366]
Most of these scholars of known to be from Ahl al-Hadith, and they were strict against anyone who expressed a different opinion to what they regarded as authentic from the narrations.
Abu Hanifa was known to interpret narrations according to his understanding, seeming to contradict the narration, or reject it. And he would also regard many authentic narrations to be inauthentic, which made many say that he goes against the Sunnah.
And besides that, he held the opinion of the Murjiah in belief. He believes Iman does not increase nor decrease, and that actions are not an integral part of Iman.
قال ونا أبو علي أحمد بن عثمان الأصبهاني قال نا إبراهيم بن سليمان قال نا كامل بن عبد ربه قال ونا محمد بن موسى العطار قال نا موسى بن هارون الحمال قال بلغني أن قتادة قدم الكوفة فجلس في مجلس له وقال سلوني عن سنن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم حتى أجيبكم فقال جماعة لأبي حنيفة قم اليه فسله فقام اليه فقال له ما تقول يا أبا الخطاب في رجل غاب عن أهله فتزوجت امرأته ثم قدم زوجها الأول فدخل عليها وقال يا زانية تزوجت وأنا حي ثم دخل زوجها الثاني فقال لها تزوجت يا زانية ولك زوج كيف اللعان فقال قتادة قد وقع هذا فقال له أبو حنيفة وان لم يقع نستعد له فقال له قتادة لا اجيبكم في شئ من هذا سلوني عن القرآن فقال له أبو حنيفة ما تقول في قوله عز وجل * (قال الذي عنده علم من الكتاب أنا آتيك به) * من هو قال قتادة هذا رجل من ولد عم سليمان بن داود كان يعرف اسم الله الأعظم فقال أبو حنيفة أكان سليمان يعلم ذلك الاسم قال لا قال سبحان الله ويكون بحضرة نبي من الأنبياء من هو أعلم منه قال قتادة لا اجيبكم في شئ من التفسير سلوني عما اختلف الناس فيه فقال له أبو حنيفة امؤمن أنت قال أرجو قال له أبو حنيفة فهلا قلت كما قال إبراهيم فيما حكى الله عنه حين قال له * (أو لم تؤمن قال بلى) * قال قتادة خذوا بيدي والله لا دخلت هذا البلد ابدا
[الانتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - الصفحة ١٥٦-١٥٧]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
Abu Ya'qub narrated from Abu Ali Ahmad ibn Osman al-Isfahani, from Ibrahim ibn Suleiman, from Kamil ibn Abdul-Rahman, from Muhammad ibn Musa al-Attar, from Musa ibn Harun al-Hammal:
It reached me that Qatadah came to Kufa, sat in a gathering, and said, "Ask me about the traditions of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, until I answer you."
A group of people said to Abu Hanifa, "Go to him and ask him." He went to him and said, "What do you say, Abu al-Khattab (Qatada), about a man who was absent from his family, and his wife remarried, then the first husband returned and entered upon her, saying, 'O adulteress, you married while I was alive,' and then the second husband entered, saying, 'You married, O adulteress, while you already had a husband. What is the ruling on lian (mutual cursing) in this case?"
Qatadah replied, "This situation has occurred?" Abu Hanifah responded, "Even if it not yet happened, we should prepare ourselves for it."
Qatadah said, "I will not answer you regarding any of this. Ask me about the Quran."
Abu Hanifah then asked, "What do you say about the verse of Allah, the Most High, 'The one who had knowledge of the Scripture said, 'I will bring it to you.' Who is this person?" Qatadah replied, "He is a man from the family of Solomon, the son of David, who knew the name of Allah’s greatest name." Abu Hanifah asked, "Did Solomon know this name?" Qatadah replied, "No." Abu Hanifah said, "Glory be to Allah! How could there be someone present with a prophet who is more knowledgeable than him?" Qatadah replied, "I will not answer you regarding any interpretation. Ask me about the matters on which people differ."
Abu Hanifah then asked, "Are you a believer?" Qatadah responded, "I hope so." Abu Hanifa replied, "Why didn’t you say as Ibrahim, upon him be peace, said when Allah mentioned it about him, *'Do you then not believe?' He said, 'Yes, I believed.'" Qatadah said, "Take my hand, by Allah, I will never enter this town again."
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Thalatha al-Aimmah al-Fuqahaa - Page 156-157]
Here we see how Qatada differed with Abu Hanifa on some major aspects. He first differed with him in not answering questions that have not yet occured. Abu Hanifa was of the view that one should prepare for such an event.
Abu Hanifa also asked Qatada about the matter related to Iman, whether one could call himself a Mumin. Qatada follows Ahl Sunnah in this by saying "I hope so."
Qatada did not deal with Abu Hanifa's deviance of Irja. And that is also from the way of the Salaf Saliheen. It is a stance of cautionesness and reservedness.
The way of Ahl Sunnah is as Sufyan al-Thawri said:
أخبرنا الحسين بن محمد بن الحسن أخو الخلال، أخبرنا جبريل بن محمد المعدل - بهمذان - حدثنا محمد بن حيويه النخاس، حدثنا محمود بن غيلان، حدثنا وكيع قال: سمعت الثوري يقول: نحن المؤمنون، وأهل القبلة عندنا مؤمنون، في المناكحة، والمواريث، والصلاة، والإقرار، ولنا ذنوب ولا ندري ما حالنا عند الله؟ قال وكيع، وقال أبو حنيفة: من قال بقول سفيان هذا فهو عندنا شاك، نحن المؤمنون هنا وعند الله حقا، قال وكيع: ونحن نقول بقول سفيان، وقول أبي حنيفة عندنا جرأة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٦٧]
Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hasan, the brother of al-Khallal, narrated to us, saying: Jibreel ibn Muhammad al-Muaddil in Hamadhan narrated to us, saying: Muhammad ibn Haywayh al-Nakhas narrated to us, saying: Mahmoud ibn Ghaylan narrated to us, saying: Waki' narrated to us, saying:
I heard al-Thawri say: "We (Ahl Sunnah) and Ahl al-Qiblah (the Muslim Ummah including the non-Kufri innovators) are Muminoon in terms of marriage, inheritance, prayer, and acknowledgment. However, we have sins, and we do not know what our status is with Allah."
Waki' said, "And Abu Hanifa said: Whoever says the words of Sufyan is, according to us, doubtful. We are Muminoon here and truly Muminoon with Allah."
Waki' said, "We follow the words of Sufyan, and the words of Abu Hanifa, according to us, show audacity."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 367]
Ahl Sunnah refrain from saying we are Muminoon with Allah, as that would imply that one has achieved perfect faith, and that it must mean that one will be admitted into Paradise automatically.
٣٠٣ - حَدَّثَنِي هَارُونُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَبُو مُوسَى، ثنا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، قَالَ: جَلَسْتُ إِلَى أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ بِمَكَّةَ فَذَكَرَ سَعِيدَ بْنَ جُبَيْرٍ فَانْتَحَلَهُ فِي الْإِرْجَاءِ فَقُلْتُ مَنْ يُحَدِّثُكَ يَا أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ؟ قَالَ: سَالِمٌ الْأَفْطَسُ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: فَإِنَّ سَالِمًا يَرَى رَأْيَ الْمُرْجِئَةِ ⦗٢٠٣⦘، وَلَكِنْ حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ قَالَ: رَآنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ جَلَسْتُ إِلَى طَلْقِ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ فَقَالَ: أَلَمْ أَرَكَ جَلَسْتَ إِلَى طَلْقٍ؟ لَا تُجَالِسْهُ، قَالَ: فَكَانَ كَذَلِكَ، قَالَ: فَنَادَاهُ رَجُلٌ: يَا أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ وَمَا كَانَ رَأْي طَلْقٍ فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ ثُمَّ نَادَاهُ فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ، فَلَمَّا أَكْثَرَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ: وَيْحَكَ كَانَ يَرَى الْعَدْلَ "
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٠٢]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Haroon ibn Abdullah Abu Mousa narrated to me, he said: Suleiman ibn Harb narrated to us, from Hammad ibn Zayd, who said: I sat with Abu Hanifa in Mecca, and he mentioned Sa'id ibn Jubayr and attributed to him the opinion of the Murji'ah.
I said: "Who narrates to you, O Abu Hanifa?" He replied: "Salim al-Aftas." I said to him: "But Salim holds the opinion of the Murji'ah."
However, we were narrated by Ayyub, who said: Sa'id ibn Jubayr saw me sitting with Talq ibn Habib and said: "Did I not see you sitting with Talq? Do not sit with him." And it was like that.
Then a man called him and said: "O Abu Hanifa, what was the view of Talq?" He turned away from him. When the man called him again, he turned away again. When he called him more frequently, Abu Hanifa said: "Woe to you, he used to hold the view of justice."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 202]
This means that Abu Hanifa should not have sat down with Salim al-Aftas, because he was a Murji. And Hammad ibn Zayd said that Ayyub was told not to sit with Talq, because he was a Murji.
٣٠٤ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو مَعْمَرٍ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عِيسَى الطَّبَّاعِ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ حَمَّادَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّمَا ذَاكَ يُعْرَفُ بِالْخُصَومَةِ فِي الْإِرْجَاءِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٠٣]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu Ma'mar narrated to me, from Ishaq ibn Isa al-Tabba'i, who said: I asked Hammad ibn Zayd about Abu Hanifa, and he said: "Only known as one who argues around al-Irja.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 203]
٣٨٦ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ، نا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ شَمَّاسٍ، نا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمُقْرِئُ، قَالَ: «كَانَ وَاللَّهِ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ مُرْجِئًا وَدَعَانِي إِلَى الْإِرْجَاءِ فَأَبَيْتُ عَلَيْهِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٣]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu al-Fadl narrated to me, from Ibrahim ibn Shammas, from Abu Abdurrahman al-Muqri’, who said: "By Allah, Abu Hanifa was a proponent of Irja and called me to it, but I refused."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 223]
٣٩٦ - حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ زَنْجُوَيْهِ، ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، وَقِيلَ، لَهُ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ مُرْجِئٌ؟ فَقَالَ: «أَتَى حَقًّا»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٥]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Abdul Malik ibn Zanjawayh narrated to me, saying: "Abd al-Razzaq told us, and it was said to him, 'Is Abu Hanifa a Murji’?' He said: 'He came with the truth.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 225]
Abd al-Razzaq al-San'ani (author of Musannaf Abd al-Razzaq), also known as Abd al-Razzaq ibn Hammam, is a proponent of Abu Hanifa and his madhab. However, this narration seems to imply that Abd al-Razzaq agreed with the Murjiah.
If the narration is authentic, then this means that Abd al-Razzaq first agreed with Abu Hanifa on Irja, and then retracted from it. Abd al-Razzaq believes Iman increases and decreases, and that actions are an integral part of Iman. As for Abu Hanifa, he was a Murji from the 'Murjiatul Fuqaha', and died as one.
٣٨٤ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ، نا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ وَكِيعٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: لَمَّا تَكَلَّمَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ فِي الْإِرْجَاءِ وَخَاصَمَ فِيهِ قَالَ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ: «يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُنْفَى مِنَ الْكُوفَةَ أَوْ يُخْرُجَ مِنْهَا»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٢]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu al-Fadl narrated to me, from Sufyan ibn Waki‘, from his father, who said: "When Abu Hanifa spoke about Irja' and debated concerning it, Sufyan al-Thawri said: 'He should be banished from Kufa or made to leave it.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 222]
أخبرنا ابن رزق، أخبرنا جعفر الخلدي، حدثنا محمد بن عبد الله بن سليمان الحضرمي قال: حدثنا محمد بن عبد الله بن يزيد المقرئ قال: سمعت أبي يقول: دعاني أبو حنيفة إلى الإرجاء، فأبيت.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧١]
Ibn Rizq narrated to us, Ja'far al-Khalidi narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Sulayman al-Hadrami narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Yazid al-Muqri narrated to us, and he said: "I heard my father say: Abu Hanifa called me to the belief of Irja', but I refused."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 371]
أخبرنا ابن الفضل، أخبرنا عبد الله بن جعفر، حدثنا يعقوب بن سفيان، حدثنا أحمد بن الخليل، حدثنا عبدة قال: سمعت ابن المبارك - وذكر أبا حنيفة - فقال رجل: هل كان فيه من الهوى شئ؟ قال: نعم! الإرجاء.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٢]
Ibn al-Fadl narrated to us, Abdullah ibn Ja'far narrated to us, Ya'qub ibn Sufyan narrated to us, Ahmad ibn al-Khalil narrated to us, Abda narrated to us, and he said: "I heard Ibn al-Mubarak - and he mentioned Abu Hanifa - when a man asked: 'Was there any part of deviance in him?' He replied: 'Yes! Irja'.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 372]
أخبرنا الحسن بن الحسين بن العباس النعالي، أخبرنا أحمد بن جعفر ابن سلم، حدثنا أحمد بن علي الأبار، حدثنا أبو يحيى محمد بن عبد الله بن يزيد المقرئ عن أبيه قال: دعاني أبو حنيفة إلى الإرجاء.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧١]
Hassan ibn Hussein ibn al-Abbas al-Na'ali narrated to us, Ahmad ibn Ja'far ibn Salam narrated to us, Ahmad ibn Ali al-Abar narrated to us, Abu Yahya Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Yazid al-Muqri narrated to us from his father, who said: "Abu Hanifa called me to the belief of Irja."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 371]
أخبرنا أبو القاسم إبراهيم بن محمد بن سليمان المؤدب - بأصبهان - أخبرنا أبو بكر بن المقرئ قال: حدثنا سلامة بن محمود القيسي - بعسقلان - حدثنا عبد الله بن محمد بن عمرو قال: سمعت أبا مسهر يقول: كان أبو حنيفة رأس المرجئة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧١]
Abu al-Qasim Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Suleiman al-Muaddib narrated to us in Isfahan, Abu Bakr ibn al-Muqri narrated to us, Salamah ibn Mahmoud al-Qaysi narrated to us in Asqalan, Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Amr narrated to us, and I heard Abu Mushar say: "Abu Hanifa was the head of the Murjiah."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 371]
أخبرنا ابن الفضل، أخبرنا عبد الله بن جعفر، حدثنا يعقوب بن سفيان، حدثنا سليمان بن حرب. وأخبرنا ابن الفضل أيضا، أخبرنا أحمد بن كامل القاضي، حدثنا محمد بن موسى البربري، حدثنا ابن الغلابي عن سليمان ابن حرب قال: حدثنا حماد بن زيد قال: جلست إلى أبي حنيفة، فذكر سعيد بن جبير، فانتحله في الإرجاء. فقلت: يا أبا حنيفة من حدثك؟ قال: سالم الأفطس. قال:
قلت له: سالم الأفطس كان مرجئا ولكن حدثني أيوب. قال: رآني سعيد بن جبير جلست إلى طلق، فقال: ألم أرك جلست إلى طلق؟ لا تجالسه. قال حماد: وكان طلق يرى الإرجاء. قال: فقال رجل لأبي حنيفة: يا أبا حنيفة ما كان رأى طلق؟
فأعرض عنه، ثم سأله فأعرض عنه ثم قال: ويحك كان يرى العدل - واللفظ لحديث ابن الغلابي.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧١]
Ibn al-Fadl narrated to us, Abdullah ibn Ja'far narrated to us, Ya'qub ibn Sufyan narrated to us, and Sulayman ibn Harb narrated to us.
Ibn al-Fadl also narrated to us, Ahmad ibn Kamil al-Qadi narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Musa al-Barbari narrated to us, and Ibn al-Ghalabi narrated to us from Suleiman ibn Harb, who said:
Hamad ibn Zayd narrated: "I sat with Abu Hanifa, and he mentioned Said ibn Jubayr, attributing him to the position of Irja. I said to him: 'O Abu Hanifa, who told you this?' He said: 'Saalim al-Aftas.' I said to him: 'Saalim al-Aftas was an adherent of Irja', rather I heard from Ayoub, who said: Said ibn Jubayr saw me sitting with Tulaq, so he said to me: "Did I not see you sitting with Tulaq? Do not sit with him."' Hamad said: 'Tulaq was of the view of Irja'.'
A man then asked Abu Hanifa: 'O Abu Hanifa, what was Tulaq’s view?' Abu Hanifa turned away from him, and when the man persisted, Abu Hanifa turned away again and then said: 'Woe to you! He held the view of justice.' — And this is the wording of the narration from Ibn al-Ghalabi."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 371]
أخبرني الخلال، حدثنا علي بن عمر بن محمد المشتري، حدثنا محمد بن جعفر الأدمي حدثنا أحمد بن عبيد، حدثنا الطاهر بن محمد، حدثنا وكيع قال:
اجتمع سفيان الثوري، وشريك، والحسن بن صالح، وابن أبي ليلى، فبعثوا إلى أبي حنيفة. قال: فأتاهم. فقالوا له: ما تقول في رجل قتل أباه، ونكح أمه، وشرب الخمر في رأس أبيه، فقال: مؤمن، فقال له ابن أبي ليلى: لا قبلت لك شهادة أبدا، وقال له سفيان الثوري: لا كلمتك أبدا، وقال له شريك: لو كان لي من الأمر شئ لضربت عنقك، وقال له الحسن بن صالح: وجهي من وجهك حرام، أن أنظر إلى وجهك أبدا.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٠]
Al-Khallal narrated to us, Ali ibn Umar ibn Muhammad al-Mushtari narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Adami narrated to us, Ahmad ibn Ubayd narrated to us, al-Tahir ibn Muhammad narrated to us, Waki' narrated:
Sufyan al-Thawri, Sharik, al-Hasan ibn Salih, and Ibn Abi Layla gathered together and sent for Abu Hanifa. He came to them, and they said: "What do you say about a man who killed his father, married his own mother, and drank Khamr on his father's head?" He replied, "He is a believer."
Ibn Abi Layla said to him, "I will never accept your testimony again." Sufyan al-Thawri said, "I will never speak to you again." Sharik said, "If I had any authority, I would kill you." Al-Hasan ibn Salih said, "Your face is forbidden to me; I will never look at your face again."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 370]
This created a lot of hatred towards Abu Hanifa. Major figures such Sufyan al-Thawri, began to show more enimosity due to Abu Hanifa's Irja.
The reason they all became so angry at him for saying such a criminal is a Mumin, is because they hear him saying that such a person is perfect in Iman.
A criminal can never be called to have perfect Iman, just like this would not be possible to say to any Muslim, whether righteous or not.
Abu Hanifa regards major sinners to be called Muminoon, whilst Ahl al-Sunnah say, rather he is a Muslim, someone not perfect in Iman.
Ahl al-Sunnah believe that Iman can increase and decrease, which means not everyone is on the same level. And to say someone is a believer, to them it is like saying someone is perfect in Iman, who has reached excellence, and one cannot claim this for himself as a Muslim.
أخبرنا الحسين بن محمد بن الحسن أخو الخلال، أخبرنا جبريل بن محمد المعدل - بهمذان - حدثنا محمد بن حيويه النخاس، حدثنا محمود بن غيلان، حدثنا وكيع قال: سمعت الثوري يقول: نحن المؤمنون، وأهل القبلة عندنا مؤمنون، في المناكحة، والمواريث، والصلاة، والإقرار، ولنا ذنوب ولا ندري ما حالنا عند الله؟ قال وكيع، وقال أبو حنيفة: من قال بقول سفيان هذا فهو عندنا شاك، نحن المؤمنون هنا وعند الله حقا، قال وكيع: ونحن نقول بقول سفيان، وقول أبي حنيفة عندنا جرأة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٦٧]
Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hasan, the brother of al-Khallal, narrated to us, saying: Jibreel ibn Muhammad al-Mu'addil in Hamadhan narrated to us, saying: Muhammad ibn Haywayh al-Nakhas narrated to us, saying: Mahmoud ibn Ghaylan narrated to us, saying: Waki' narrated to us, saying:
I heard al-Thawri say: "We are believers, and the people of the Qibla (Muslims) are believers in terms of marriage, inheritance, prayer, and acknowledgment. However, we have sins, and we do not know what our status is with Allah."
Waki' said, "And Abu Hanifa said: Whoever says the words of Sufyan is, according to us, doubtful. We are believers here and truly believers with Allah."
Waki' said, "We follow the words of Sufyan, and the words of Abu Hanifa, according to us, show boldness."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 367]
Waki' opposed Abu Hanifa's beliefs regarding Iman. Despite agreeing with Abu Hanifa on many Fiqh-related matters, Waki' stood firm for the truth and spoke out against his views on Iman.
Ahl al-Sunnah believe that Muslims are considered believers in matters of marriage, inheritance, prayer, and acknowledgment. However, since we have sins, we do not claim to have perfect faith and therefore do not call ourselves "Mu’minoon" but rather "Muslims."
This is the difference between Ahl al-Sunnah and the Murjiah al-Fuqaha, who believe that Muslims should be called believers and that their faith is perfect, as conviction cannot increase or decrease. Ahl al-Sunnah, however, hold that faith is more than just conviction; it also includes the level of Taqwa and piety, which allows it to increase and decrease.
Both groups believe that it is up to Allah whether He allows a person to enter Paradise. They also agree that a person cannot be said to enter Paradise directly without any punishment, as that is ultimately up to Allah, considering the person's sins. If Allah forgives the person, that is well and good, but if not, punishment will follow.
٤٠٨ - حَدَّثَنِي سُوَيْدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، نا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، قَالَ: «دَعَانِي أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ إِلَى الْإِرْجَاءِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٨]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Suwayd ibn Said narrated to me, from Abdullah ibn Yazid, who said: "Abu Hanifa called me to Irja."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 228]
٤٠٢ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، قَالَ «كَانَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ مُرْجِئًا وَكَانَ مِنَ الدُّعَاةِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ فِي الْحَدِيثِ بِشَيْءٍ وَصَاحِبُهُ أَبُو يُوسُفَ لَيْسَ بِهِ بَأْسٌ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٦]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu al-Fadl narrated to me, saying: "Yahya ibn Ma'een said: 'Abu Hanifa was a Murji' and was one of its callers, and he is nothing in hadith. As for his companion Abu Yusuf, he is alright (in Hadith).'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 226]
2253 - نعمان بن ثابت أبو حنيفة الكوفي مولى لبني تيم الله بن ثعلبة روى عنه عباد بن العوام وابن المبارك وهشيم ووكيع ومسلم بن خالد وأبو معاوية والمقري كان مرجئا سكتوا (عنه و - 1) عن رأيه وعن حديثه، قال أبو نعيم مات أبو حنيفة سنة خمسين ومائة.
[التاريخ الكبير - البخاري - ج ٨ - الصفحة ٨١]
Imam Bukhari said:
"Nu‘man bin Thabit, Abu Hanifa al-Kufi, a client (mawla) of Banu Taym Allah bin Tha‘labah.
‘Abbad bin al-‘Awwam, Ibn al-Mubarak, Hushaym, Waki‘, Muslim bin Khalid, Abu Mu‘awiyah, and al-Muqri‘ narrated from him.
He was a Murji. They remained silent about him (abandoned him) — about his views and his hadith.
Abu Nu‘aym said that Abu Hanifa died in the year 150 AH.
[Tarikh al-Kabir - Imam Bukhari - Volume 8 - Page 81]
فَأَما رِوَايَة أبي سِنَان عَن عَلْقَمَة فِي متن هَذَا الحَدِيث اذ قَالَ فِيهِ ان جِبْرِيل عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام حَيْثُ قَالَ جِئْت أَسأَلك عَن شرائع الاسلام فَهَذِهِ زِيَادَة مُخْتَلفَة لَيست من الْحُرُوف بسبيل وانما أَدخل هَذَا الْحَرْف فِي رِوَايَة هَذَا الحَدِيث شرذمة زِيَادَة فِي الْحَرْف مثل ضرب النُّعْمَان بن ثَابت وَسَعِيد بن سِنَان وَمن يجاري الارجاء نَحْوهمَا وانما أَرَادوا بذلك تصويبا فِي قَوْله فِي الايمان وتعقيد الارجاء ذَلِك مَا لم يزدْ قَوْلهم الا وَهنا وَعَن الْحق الا بعدا اذ زادوا فِي رِوَايَة الاخبار مَا كفى بِأَهْل الْعلم وَالدَّلِيل على مَا قُلْنَا من ادخالهم الزِّيَادَة فِي هَذَا الْخَبَر أَن عَطاء بن السَّائِب وسُفْيَان روياه عَن عَلْقَمَة فَقَالَا قَالَ يَا رَسُول الله مَا الاسلام وعَلى ذَلِك رِوَايَة النَّاس بعد مثل سُلَيْمَان ومطر وكهمس ومحارب وَعُثْمَان وحسين بن حسن وَغَيرهم من الْحفاظ كلهم يَحْكِي فِي رِوَايَته أَن جِبْرِيل عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّد مَا الاسلام وَلم يقل مَا شرائع الاسلام كَمَا رَوَت المرجئة
[ص200-199 - كتاب التمييز لمسلم]
Imam Muslim said:
"As for the narration of Abu Sinan from Alqamah in the wording of this hadith — where he said that Jibril (peace be upon him) said, “I came to ask you about the laws of Islam” — this is an altered addition that has nothing to do with the actual phrasing of the hadith.
This wording was inserted into the narration by a small faction known for adding such phrases — like Al-Nu‘man ibn Thabit (Abu Hanifa), Sa‘id ibn Sinan, and those who follow their path in Irja.
Their intent behind this was to support their stance on the definition of faith (iman) and to complicate the concept of Irja. But their additions only made their argument weaker and took them further from the truth, as they tampered with the narration of reports in ways that scholars and people of evidence are already content with rejecting.
The proof of what we say — that they inserted this addition into the hadith — is that ‘Ata ibn al-Sa’ib and Sufyan narrated it from Alqamah and both said: “He (Jibril) said: O Messenger of Allah, what is Islam?”
And this is how it has been narrated by all others after them, such as Sulaiman, Matir, Kahmas, Muharib, ‘Uthman, Husayn ibn Hasan, and others among the hadith masters. All of them narrate that Jibril (peace be upon him) said: “O Muhammad, what is Islam?” — and none of them said “What are the laws of Islam” as the Murjiah narrated.
[Kitab al-Tameez - Imam Muslim - Page 199-200]
Here we see Imam Muslim providing an example where Abu Hanifa confused the matn of a Hadith. He narrated that Jibril asked the Prophet about the laws of Islam, whilst the correct wording should have been "what is Islam".
We can also see that Imam Muslim called Abu Hanifa a Murji, and this was known among the Salaf Saliheen. Nobody denied this, except those who are fanatic about Abu Hanifa and try their best to remove any filth from Abu Hanifa.
But we say, may Allah forgive Abu Hanifa for his Irja and have mercy upon him. This is the approach of scholars like Imam Shafi'i and many others, who have prayed for the same for Abu Hanifa.
There are many narrations where Abu Hanifa is rejecting narrations that are presented to him by others. This is not out of denial, rather Abu Hanifa viewed such narrations to either inauthentic, or abbrogated.
٣٦٠ - حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ بْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ، يَقُولُ: " كَانَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ يَضْرِبُ بِحَدِيثِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْأَمْثَالَ فَيَرُدَّهَا. بَلَغَهُ أَنِّي أُحَدِّثُ بِحَدِيثٍ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «الْبَيِّعَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا» فَقَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ: أَرَأَيْتُمْ إِنْ كَانَا فِي سَفِينَةٍ كَيْفَ يَتَفَرَّقَانِ؟ فَقَالَ سُفْيَانُ: فَهَلْ سَمِعْتُمْ بِأَشَرَّ مِنْ هَذَا "
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١٦]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Ali narrated to us, Ibrahim ibn Bashar said: "I heard Sufyan ibn Uyayna say: 'Abu Hanifa used to give examples using the hadith of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, and then reject them. It reached him that I was narrating a hadith from the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, in which he said: 'The two sellers have the option until they part ways.' Abu Hanifa said: 'What if they are on a ship, how would they part ways?' Sufyan said: 'Have you heard anything worse than this?'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 216]
٣٦٢ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ، نا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، ثنا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، قَالَ: أَمْلَاهُ عَلَيْنَا نَافِعٌ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا يَقُولُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «الْمُتَبَايعَانِ بِالْخِيَارِ» فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ قَالَ: فَكَانَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يُفَارِقَهُ مَشَى قَلِيلًا ثُمَّ رَجَعَ
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١٧]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
My father, may Allah have mercy on him, narrated to us, Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah narrated to us, Ibn Jurayj said: Nafi' dictated to us, saying: "I heard Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, say: The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: 'The two sellers have the option.' And he mentioned the hadith. Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, when he wanted to separate from someone, would walk a little and then return."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 217]
٣٩١ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ، حَدَّثَنِي مَسْعُودُ بْنُ خَلَفٍ، حَدَّثَنِي إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ عِيسَى، حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَابِرٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ، يَقُولُ: «أَخْطَأَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فَأَخَذْتُ كَفًّا مِنْ حَصًى فَضَرَبْتُ بِهِ وَجْهَهُ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٤]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu al-Fadl narrated to us, Mas'ud ibn Khalaf (Majhul) narrated to us, Ishaq ibn Isa narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Jabir narrated to us, saying: I heard Abu Hanifa say: Umar ibn al-Khattab made a mistake, so I took a handful of pebbles and struck his face with it.
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 224]
We say, every Sahabi can make mistakes, even Abu Bakr al-Saddiq made mistakes, and no one can deny this. And the Sahaba would be the first to say that they are not perfect.
٤١٠ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مَعْمَرٍ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ الطَّبَّاعِ، قَالَ: قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَابِرٍ " سَمِعْتُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ، فِي مَسْجِدِ الْكُوفَةِ يَقُولُ: أَخْطَأَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فَأَخَذْتُ كَفًّا مِنْ حَصًى فَضَرَبْتُ بِهِ وَجْهَهُ وَصَدْرَهُ "
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٩]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu Ma'mar narrated to us from Ishaq ibn al-Tabba', who said: Muhammad ibn Jabir said, "I heard Abu Hanifa in the mosque of Kufa say: 'Umar ibn al-Khattab made a mistake, so I took a handful of pebbles and struck his face and chest with them.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 229]
Umar ibn al-Khattab would be the first to agree that he can make mistakes and that he is not perfect. This is also why he made use of Shura, which means to consult others who are also credible.
So there is no blame upon Abu Hanifa for saying that Umar ibn al-Khattab erred in the specific issue that was presented to him, if he actually erred.
It could be that Muhammad ibn Jabir viewed it differently than Abu Hanifa, believing that Umar did not err in the specific instance that was discussed at the moment.
٤٠١ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ، نا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، نا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَاصِمٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثْتُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ، بِحَدِيثٍ فِي النِّكَاحِ أَوْ فِي الطَّلَاقِ قَالَ: «هَذَا قَضَاءُ الشَّيْطَانِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٦]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu al-Fadl narrated to me, saying: "Yahya ibn Ayub told us, Ali ibn Asim said: 'I narrated to Abu Hanifa a hadith about marriage or divorce, and he said: "This is the judgment of Shaytan."'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 226]
It could be that this narration is authentic, regardless of Ali ibn Asim's weakness in Hadith. Abu Hanifa would have viewed the presented narration as weak and fabricated, something 'Umar ibn al-Khattab would never say.
٤٠٠ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ، نا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْمَدَائِنِيُّ، قَالَ: قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَابِرٍ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ، وَحَدَّثَهُ رَجُلٌ بِحَدِيثٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ فَقَالَ: «أَخْطَأَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ» فَأَخَذْتُ كَفًّا مِنْ حَصًى فَرَمَيْتُهُ بِهِ
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٦]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu al-Fadl al-Khurasani narrated to me, saying: "Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Mada'ini told us, and Muhammad ibn Jabir said: 'I heard Abu Hanifa, and a man narrated to him a hadith from Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, and he said: "Umar ibn al-Khattab made a mistake." So I took a handful of pebbles and threw them at him.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 226]
٤٠٣ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ، نا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، نا عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ⦗٢٢٧⦘، قَالَ: نا سَعِيدٌ، قَالَ: " جَلَسْتُ إِلَى أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ بِمَكَّةَ فَذَكَرَ شَيْئًا فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ رَوَى عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ كَذَا وَكَذَا، قَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ: ذَاكَ قَوْلُ الشَّيْطَانِ، وَقَالَ لَهُ آخَرُ أَلَيْسَ يُرْوَى عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ «أَفْطَرَ الْحَاجِمُ وَالْمَحْجُومُ» فَقَالَ: هَذَا سَجْعٌ فَغَضِبْتُ وَقُلْتُ إِنَّ هَذَا مَجْلِسٌ لَا أَعُودُ إِلَيْهِ وَمَضَيْتُ وَتَرَكْتُهُ "
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٦]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu al-Fadl narrated to me, saying: "Muslim ibn Ibrahim told us, Abdul Warith ibn Said said:
'Saeed said: "I sat with Abu Hanifa in Mecca, and he mentioned something. A man said to him, 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, narrated such and such.' Abu Hanifa said: 'That is the statement of Shaytan.'
Another man said to him, 'Is it not narrated from the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, 'The one who cups and the one who is cupped both break their fast?' Abu Hanifa said: 'This is just a rhyme.'
I became angry and said: 'This is a gathering I will never return to,' and I left him.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 226]
Abu Hanifa did not view the first narration to be correctly attributed to Umar. Abu Hanifa meant to say: No, not from Umar, but rather from Shaytan.
Abu Hanifa regarded the narrations presented to him to be inauthentic, and not correct, thus his response.
The man became angry and left, because the narrations he presented were not regarded to be authentic to Abu Hanifa. And the man regarded them as authentic, thus his anger.
Abu Hanifa had a very unique approach in his style of issueing Fatwas, holding views, and the way he carried himself.
This style was not common among the scholars of Ahl al-Hadith, so they attacked him over it.
Abu Hanifa had a method of addressing difficult questions and attempting to help people with them, while the Salaf Saliheen preferred not to engage with such questions. They would often refer the question to another scholar, who in turn would refer it to another, and so on, until no one would provide an answer.
The Salaf Saliheen were very protective over their religion, and they would consider such difficult question to be dangerous. Abu Hanifa had a different view. He made it his mission to leave no one helpless, no matter the difficulty.
He took this approach and issued many Fatwas. The Salaf Saliheen criticized him for his bold approach, as he would never hold back. Some among the Salaf Saliheen saw it as praiseworthy, while many of them saw it as blameworthy.
أخبرنا محمد بن عيسى بن عبد العزيز البزاز - بهمذان - حدثنا صالح بن أحمد التميمي الحافظ، حدثنا القاسم بن أبي صالح، حدثنا محمد بن أيوب، أخبرنا إبراهيم بن بشار قال: سمعت سفيان بن عيينة يقول: ما رأيت أحدا أجرأ على الله من أبي حنيفة. ولقد أتاه يوما رجل من أهل خراسان فقال: يا أبا حنيفة قد أتيتك بمائة ألف مسألة، أريد أن أسألك عنها قال: هاتها. فهل سمعتم أحدا أجرأ من هذا؟ أخبرني عطاء بن السائب عن ابن أبي ليلى قال: لقد أدركت عشرين ومائة من أصحاب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم من الأنصار، إن كان أحدهم ليسأل عن المسألة، فيردها إلى غيره، فيرد هذا إلى هذا، وهذا إلى هذا، حتى ترجع إلى الأول. وإن كان أحدهم ليقول في شئ وإنه ليرتعد. وهذا يقول: هات مائة ألف مسألة، فهل سمعتهم بأحد أجرأ من هذا؟
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٤]
Muhammad bin Isa bin Abdul Aziz al-Bazzaz narrated to us in Hamadhan, from Saleh bin Ahmad al-Tamimi al-Hafidh, who narrated to us from al-Qasim bin Abi Saleh, who narrated to us from Muhammad bin Ayyub, who narrated to us from Ibrahim bin Bashar, who said:
I heard Sufyan bin 'Uyaynah say: "I have never seen anyone bolder towards Allah than Abu Hanifa. One day a man from Khurasan came to him and said: 'O Abu Hanifa, I have brought with me one hundred thousand questions, and I want to ask you about them.' He replied: 'Bring them.' Have you ever heard anyone bolder than this?
I (Sufyan) was informed by 'Ata bin al-Saaib from Ibn Abi Layla, who said: 'I have met over two hundred companions of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, from the Ansar. If one of them was asked a question, he would refer it to someone else, and that person would refer it to another, until it would return to the first one. And if one of them was to speak on an issue, he would tremble. But this man says: 'Bring one hundred thousand questions.' Have you ever heard of anyone bolder than this?"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 394]
٣٥٨ - حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْوَرَّاقُ، نا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، ثنا سُفْيَانُ، قَالَ: " مَا رَأَيْتُ أَحَدًا أَجْرَأَ عَلَى اللَّهِ مِنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، أَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ خُرَاسَانَ فَقَالَ: جِئْتُكَ عَلَى أَلْفٍ ⦗٢١٦⦘ بِمِائَةِ أَلْفِ مَسْأَلَةٍ أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَسْأَلُكَ عَنْهَا، فَقَالَ: هَاتِهَا، قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: فَهَلْ رَأَيْتُمْ أَحَدًا أَجْرَأَ عَلَى اللَّهِ مِنْ هَذَا؟
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١٥]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Ali al-Warraq narrated to me, Ibrahim ibn Bashar narrated to us, and Sufyan said: "I have never seen anyone more daring towards Allah than Abu Hanifa. A man from Khurasan came to him and said: 'I have come to you with a thousand questions, a hundred thousand questions that I want to ask you.' Abu Hanifa replied: 'Bring them.' Sufyan said: 'Have you ever seen anyone more daring towards Allah than this?'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 215]
٣٥٩ - حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، نا سُفْيَانُ، قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ يَوْمًا فَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ مَسْأَلَةٍ، فِي الصَّرْفِ فَأَخْطَأَ فِيهَا، فَقُلْتُ: «يَا أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ هَذَا خَطَأٌ فَغَضِبَ وَقَالَ لِلَّذِي أَفْتَاهُ اذْهَبْ فَاعْمَلْ بِهَا وَمَا كَانَ فِيهَا مِنْ إِثْمٍ فَهُوَ فِي عُنُقِي»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١٦]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Ali narrated to me, Sufyan said: "I was with Abu Hanifa one day when a man came to him and asked him about a matter in the issue of the 'sarf' (conversion/exchange), and he made an error in it. I said, 'O Abu Hanifa, this is a mistake.' He became angry and said to the one who gave the fatwa: 'Go and act upon it, and whatever error there is in it, it is on my neck.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 216]
حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، نا إِبْرَاهِيمُ، سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ، يَقُولُ: " مَرَرْتُ بِأَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَهُوَ مَعَ أَصْحَابِهِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ وَقَدِ ارْتَفَعَتْ أَصْوَاتُهُمْ فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ هَذَا الْمَسْجِدُ وَالصَّوْتُ لَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُرْفَعَ فِيهِ، فَقَالَ: دَعْهُمْ لَا يَتَفَقَّهُونَ إِلَّا بِهَذَا "
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١٦]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Ali narrated to us, and Ibrahim said, "I heard Sufyan say: 'I passed by Abu Hanifa while he was with his companions in the mosque, and their voices had risen. I said to him, "O Abu Hanifa, this is the mosque, and the voice should not be raised here." He replied, "Leave them, they cannot seek knowledge except by this."'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 216]
Abu Hanifa allowed alcoholic drinks with a low percentage of alcohol. And even if it contained high percentage of alcohol, he would say that drinking little of it would not be haram, as it is not about the alcohol percentage, but about the intake.
He allowed alcoholic drinks like fermented date drinks, honey, figs, etc. He would not see a problem with such drinks, even if they contained alcohol. As he viewed that a little alcohol consumption is not haram, as it would not cause intoxication.
This was the view of the Kufans, like Ibrahim al-Nakha'ee, Sharik, and even Sufyan al-Thawri. So Abu Hanifa does not deserve to be attacked over this matter, as one would then be unfair.
Many scholars disagreed, and the majority of them viewed that even a low alcohol intake is haram, as every intoxicant is forbidden in the Asl.
أنبأنا عبد الله بن يحيى السكري والحسن بن أبي بكر ومحمد بن عمر النرسي قالوا: أخبرنا محمد بن عبيد الله بن إبراهيم الشافعي، حدثنا محمد بن علي أبو جعفر قال: حدثنا أبو سلمة، حدثنا أبو عوانة قال: سمعت أبا حنيفة يقول - وسئل عن الأشربة - قال: فما سئل عن شئ إلا قال: حلال، حتى سئل عن السكر. أو السكر - شك أبو جعفر - فقال: حلال. قال: قلت: يا هؤلاء إنها زلة عالم. فلا تأخذوا عنه.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٣]
Abdullah ibn Yahya al-Sukkari, Hassan ibn Abi Bakr, and Muhammad ibn Umar al-Narsi narrated to us, saying: Muhammad ibn Ubaydullah ibn Ibrahim al-Shafi‘i narrated to us, saying: Muhammad ibn Ali Abu Ja'far narrated to us, saying: Abu Salama narrated to us, saying:
Abu 'Awana narrated to us, saying: I heard Abu Hanifa say — when he was asked about drinks — that he was asked about everything and replied that it was permissible, until he was asked about wine or intoxicants (Abu Ja'far was uncertain) and he said: "It is permissible."
I (Abu 'Awanah) said: "O people, this is a misstep of a scholar, so do not take this from him."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 393]
Abu Hanifa regarded alcoholic drinks very low in alcohol to be permissible. Like date wine and the likes.
٣٩٣ - أُخْبِرْتُ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ ⦗٢٢٥⦘، وَسُئِلَ، عَنِ الْمُسْكِرِ، فَقَالَ: «حَلَالٌ»، وَسُئِلَ عَنِ النَّبِيذِ الشَّدِيدِ، فَقَالَ: «حَلَالٌ»، وَسُئِلَ عَنِ الدَّاذِيِّ، فَقَالَ: «حَلَالٌ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٤]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
I was informed by Musa ibn Ismail, Abu Awana narrated to me, that I heard Abu Hanifa being asked about alcoholic drinks, and he said: "It is halal." He was then asked about strong nabīdh (fermented drink), and he said: "It is halal." He was also asked about dādhī (another type of fermented drink), and he said: "It is halal."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 224]
Abu Hanifa, together with other Kufan scholars, such as Sufyan al-Thawri and Ibrahim al-Nakha'ee, and Sharik, allowed wine from honey, dates, figs, etc. And this is a controversial topic. The fermented drink from dates was called 'nabīdh'.
٣٢١ - حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ، ثنا أَبُو سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي عَوَانَةَ، قَالَ: " سُئِلَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ عَنِ الْأَشْرِبَةِ، فَمَا سُئِلَ عَنْ شَيْءٍ، إِلَّا قَالَ: لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ، وَسُئِلَ عَنِ الْمُسْكِرِ فَقَالَ: حَلَالٌ "
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٠٧]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ibrahim said: Abu Salamah narrated to us from Abu Awanah, who said: "Abu Hanifa was asked about drinks, and for anything he was asked about, he replied, 'There is nothing wrong with it.' He was asked about intoxicants, and he said, 'It is lawful.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 207]
Abu Hanifa, based on his ijtihad, and also some scholars among the Salaf Saliheen, would regard drinks with low alcohol or date wine to be permissible. They also said that drinking small amounts from an intoxicating drink would not be forbidden.
The critique of Imam Ahmad of Abu Hanifa is well-known. He was one of the major scholars who critiqued Abu Hanifa for his views on approaching Fiqh.
The major critique of Imam Ahmad of Abu Hanifa was that he was excessive in Raiyy and Qiyas. Ahl al-Hadith, from which Imam Ahmad was part of, heavily disagreed with Abu Hanifa's excessive Raiyy and Qiyas.
They believed that his approach was undermining the reports, and saw it as a danger to the religion.
Imam Ahmad boycotted Abu Hanifa and his companions, he would even say that one could not narrate from them, even if there were narrators among them who were Thiqah.
However, others disagreed with Imam Ahmad's approach in this, and they were Yahya ibn Ma'een and Imam Shafi'i. Both narrated from Ahl al-Raiyy and went against this approach of boycotting Ahl al-Raiyy.
أخبرني إبراهيم بن عمر البرمكي، حدثنا عبد الله بن محمد بن محمد ابن حمدان العكبري، حدثنا محمد بن أيوب بن المعافى البزاز قال: سمعت إبراهيم الحربي يقول: وضع أبو حنيفة أشياء في العلم، مضغ الماء أحسن منها.
وعرضت يوما شيئا من مسائله على أحمد بن حنبل فجعل يتعجب منها. ثم قال:
كأنه هو يبتدئ الإسلام.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٥]
Ibrahim bin Omar al-Barmaki told us, Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Hamdan al-'Ukbari (Ibn Battah), Muhammad bin Ayoub bin al-Ma'afa al-Bazzaz said:
I heard Ibrahim al-Harbi remark: "Abu Hanifa introduced things into the field of knowledge that are worse than chewing water. I once presented a few of his issues to Ahmad bin Hanbal, who was shocked by them. He then said: 'It appears that he is reinventing Islam.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 415]
أخبرنا علي بن أحمد بن عمر المقرئ، أخبرنا إسماعيل بن علي الخطبي، أخبرنا عبد الله بن أحمد بن حنبل قال: سألت أبي عن الرجل يريد أن يسأل عن الشئ من أمر دينه - يعني مما يبتلى به من الأيمان في الطلاق وغيره، وفي مصره من أصحاب الرأي، ومن أصحاب الحديث لا يحفظون ولا يعرفون الحديث الضعيف ولا الإسناد القوي، فمن يسأل؟ أصحاب الرأي أو هؤلاء - أعني أصحاب الحديث - على ما كان من قلة معرفتهم؟ قال: يسأل أصحاب الحديث، ولا يسأل أصحاب الرأي.
ضعيف الحديث خير من رأي أبي حنيفة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٢٠]
Ali bin Ahmad bin Omar Al-Muqri informed us, from Ismail bin Ali Al-Khatabi, from Abdullah bin Ahmad bin Hanbal, who said:
I asked my father about a man who wants to ask about something concerning his religion—meaning concerning matters like oaths in divorce and others—and in his city, there are the people of opinion (Ahl al-Raiyy) and the people of hadith who neither memorize nor recognize weak hadiths nor strong chains of narration. Who should he ask? Should he ask the people of opinion or the people of hadith, despite their lack of knowledge?
He said: He should ask the people of Hadith and not the people of Raiyy. A weak hadith is better than the opinion of Abu Hanifa.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 420]
أخبرنا البرقاني، حدثني محمد بن العباس أبو عمرو الخزاز، حدثنا أبو الفضل جعفر بن محمد الصندلي - وأثنى عليه أبو عمرو جدا - حدثني المروذي أبو بكر أحمد بن الحجاج سألت أبا عبد الله - وهو أحمد بن حنبل - عن أبي حنيفة وعمرو بن عبيد. فقال: أبو حنيفة أشد على المسلمين من عمرو بن عبيد، لأن له أصحابا.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٢]
Al-Barqani narrated to us, Muhammad ibn al-‘Abbas Abu ‘Amr al-Khazzaz narrated to me, Abu al-Fadl Ja‘far ibn Muhammad al-Sandali—whom Abu ‘Amr greatly praised—narrated to us, al-Marwadhi Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn al-Hajjaj. I asked Abu ‘Abdullah—who is Ahmad ibn Hanbal—about Abu Hanifa and ‘Amr ibn ‘Ubayd. He said: "Abu Hanifa is more harmful to Muslims than ‘Amr ibn ‘Ubayd, because he has followers."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 412]
Abu Dawud disagreed with Imam Ahmad on this matter. He stated that Abu Hanifa was 1,000 times better than 'Amr ibn 'Ubayd.
277 - سمعت أبا داود يقول: أبو حنيفة خير من ألف مثل عمرو بن عبيد.
[سؤالات الآجري لأبي داود - سليمان بن الأشعث - ج ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٩]
Al-Ajurri mentioned: I heard Abu Dawud say: "Abu Hanifa is a 1,000 times better than 'Amr ibn 'Ubayd."
[Sualaat al-Ajurri - Volume 1 - Page 229]
Abu Dawud has also been narrated to say that he views Abu Hanifa as an Imam, and he prayed for mercy for Abu Hanifa.
أخبرنا طلحة بن علي الكتاني، أخبرنا محمد بن عبد الله بن إبراهيم الشافعي، حدثنا أبو شيخ الأصبهاني، حدثنا الأشرم قال: رأيت أبا عبد الله مرارا يعيب أبا حنيفة ومذهبه، ويحكي الشئ من قوله على الإنكار والتعجب.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٢]
Talha ibn ‘Ali al-Katani narrated to us, Muhammad ibn ‘Abdullah ibn Ibrahim al-Shafi‘i narrated to us, Abu Shaykh al-Asbahani narrated to us, al-Ashram narrated to us. He said: "I saw Abu ‘Abdullah (Ahmad ibn Hanbal) many times criticizing Abu Hanifa and his school of thought, recounting some of his statements with disapproval and astonishment."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 412]
أخبرنا بشرى بن عبد الله الرومي، أخبرنا أحمد بن جعفر بن حمدان، حدثنا محمد بن جعفر الراشدي، حدثنا أبو بكر الأثرم قال: أخبرنا أبو عبد الله بباب في العقيقة، فيه عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أحاديث مسندة، وعن أصحابه وعن التابعين. ثم قال: قال أبو حنيفة: هو من عمل الجاهلية. ويتبسم كالمتعجب.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٣]
Bishr ibn Abdullah al-Rumi narrated to us, Ahmad ibn Ja‘far ibn Hamdan narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Ja‘far al-Rashidi narrated to us, Abu Bakr al-Athram narrated to us, who said: "Abu Abdullah informed us about a chapter on ‘Aqiqah (the Islamic tradition of sacrifice for a newborn), which includes authenticated hadiths from the Prophet (ﷺ), his companions, and the followers. Then he said: Abu Hanifa said: 'It is from the practices of the Jahiliyyah (pre-Islamic period).' And he smiled as if surprised."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 413]
أخبرني محمد بن عبد الملك القرشي، أخبرنا أحمد بن محمد بن الحسين الرازي، حدثنا محمود بن إسحاق بن محمود القواس - ببخاري - قال: سمعت أبا عمرو حريث بن عبد الرحمن يقول: سمعت محمد بن يوسف البيكندي يقول: قيل لأحمد بن حنبل قول أبي حنيفة: الطلاق قبل النكاح؟ فقال: مسكين أبو حنيفة كأنه لم يكن من العراق، كأنه لم يكن من العلم بشئ. قد جاء فيه عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، وعن الصحابة، وعن نيف وعشرين من التابعين، مثل سعيد بن جبير، وسعيد بن المسيب، وعطاء، وطاووس، وعكرمة. كيف يجترىء أن يقول تطلق.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٣]
Muhammad ibn Abdul Malik al-Qurashi narrated to us, Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hussain al-Razi narrated to us, Mahmoud ibn Ishaq ibn Mahmoud al-Qawas—from Bukhara—he said: I heard Abu Amr Harith ibn Abdul-Rahman say:
I heard Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Baykandi say: "It was said to Ahmad ibn Hanbal about Abu Hanifa's statement: 'Divorce before marriage?' He replied: 'Poor Abu Hanifa! It seems as though he wasn’t from Iraq, as though he didn’t know anything about knowledge. There is a narration about it from the Prophet (ﷺ), from the companions, and from more than twenty of the Tabi'een, like Sa’id ibn Jubayr, Sa’id ibn al-Musayyib, ‘Ata, Tawus, and ‘Ikrimah. How dare he say divorce before marriage.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 413]
This is about a Fiqh matter that when a man says such and such wife of mine is divorced after I marry her, it is taken into consideration by Abu Hanifa and Imam Malik. And they have their own ijtihad. Imam Ahmad disagrees.
أخبرنا ابن رزق، حدثنا أحمد بن سلمان الفقيه المعروف بالنجاد، حدثنا عبد الله بن أحمد بن حنبل، حدثنا مهنى بن يحيى قال: سمعت أحمد ابن حنبل يقول: ما قول أبي حنيفة والبعر عندي إلا سواء.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٣]
Ibn Rizq narrated to us, Ahmad ibn Salman al-Faqih, known as al-Najad, narrated to us, Abdullah ibn Ahmad ibn Hanbal narrated to us, Muhanna ibn Yahya narrated to us. He said: "I heard Ahmad ibn Hanbal say: 'The opinion of Abu Hanifa and dung are equal in my eyes.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 413]
Though Muhanna ibn Yahya is Munkar al-Hadith. We believe this narration to be taken due to corroborating harsh critique of Imam Ahmad
أخبرني البرقاني، حدثنا محمد بن أحمد الأدمي، حدثنا محمد بن ابن علي الإيادي، حدثنا زكريا بن يحيى الساجي، حدثني محمد بن روح قال:
سمعت أحمد بن حنبل يقول: لو أن رجلا ولى القضاء ثم حكم برأي أبي حنيفة، ثم سئلت عنه لرأيت أن أرد أحكامه.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٣]
Al-Barqani narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Adami narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Ali al-Iyadi narrated to us, Zakariya ibn Yahya al-Saji narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Ruh narrated to us, who said:
"I heard Ahmad ibn Hanbal say: 'If a man were appointed to the judiciary, and then judged based on the opinion of Abu Hanifa, and I was asked about him, I would consider rejecting his rulings.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 413]
٢٢٨ - وَأُخْبِرْتُ عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ الْكَوْسَجِ، قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ يُؤْجَرُ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى بُغْضِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَأَصْحَابِهِ؟ قَالَ: إِي وَاللَّهِ
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٨٠]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
And I was informed from Isḥāq ibn Manṣūr al-Kawsaj that he said: "I asked Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal: 'Is a man rewarded for hating Abū Ḥanīfah and his companions?' He replied: 'Yes, by Allah!'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 180]
٢٢٩ - سَأَلْتُ أَبِي رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ، يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَسْأَلَ، عَنِ الشَّيْءِ، مِنْ أَمْرِ دِينِهِ مَا يُبْتَلَى بِهِ مِنَ الْأَيْمَانِ فِي الطَّلَاقِ وَغَيْرِهِ فِي حَضْرَةِ قَوْمٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الرَّأْي وَمِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْحَدِيثِ لَا يَحْفَظُونَ وَلَا يَعْرِفُونَ الْحَدِيثَ الضَّعِيفَ الْإِسْنَادِ وَالْقَوِيَّ الْإِسْنَادِ فَلِمَنْ يَسْأَلُ، أَصْحَابَ الرَّأْي أَوْ أَصْحَابَ الْحَدِيثِ عَلَى مَا كَانَ مِنْ قِلَّةَ مَعْرِفَتِهِمْ؟ ⦗١٨١⦘ قَالَ: يَسْأَلُ أَصْحَابَ الْحَدِيثِ وَلَا يَسْأَلُ أَصْحَابَ الرَّأْي، الضَّعِيفُ الْحَدِيثِ خَيْرٌ مِنْ رَأْي أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٨٠]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
I asked my father, may Allah have mercy on him, about a man who wants to ask about a matter of his religion, something he is tested with, such as oaths related to divorce and other issues, in the presence of a group from the Aṣḥāb al-Ra’y (people of opinion) and the Aṣḥāb al-Ḥadīth (people of hadith)—from those who do not memorize or distinguish between weak and strong hadith chains.
So, whom should he ask, the Aṣḥāb al-Ra’y or the Aṣḥāb al-Ḥadīth, considering their limited knowledge?
He replied: "He should ask the Aṣḥāb al-Ḥadīth and not the Aṣḥāb al-Ra’y. A weak hadith is better than the opinion of Abū Ḥanīfah."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 180]
Here Imam Ahmad is saying that asking from those among Ahl al-Hadith that lack knowledge is better than asking the opinion of Abu Hanifa. As a Hadith, even if it is weak, is better than own opinion.
٢٣٠ - حَدَّثَنِي مُهَنَّا بْنُ يَحْيَى الشَّامِيُّ، سَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ يَقُولُ: مَا قَوْلُ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَعِنْدِي وَالْبُعْدُ إِلَّا سَوَاءً
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٨٠]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Muhanna ibn Yahya al-Shami narrated to me, saying: I heard Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal, may Allah be pleased with him, say: "The opinion of Abū Ḥanīfah and distance (from me) are the same to me."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 180]
Meaning, Imam Ahmad's distance from Abu Hanifa is the same as his distance from Abu Hanifa's opinion. Ahmad is indifferent towards Abu Hanifa's opinion.
Imam al-Darimi was a distinguished scholar, known for authoring both Sunan al-Darimi and Naqd al-Darimi ‘ala al-Marisi. He made significant contributions in refuting the doctrines of the Mu‘tazilah. May Allah have mercy on him and reward him for his efforts.
He critiqued the Mu‘tazilah, a prominent group at the time who were among the main proponents of the Hanafi school of thought. They issued fatwas based on the Hanafi madhhab, and Imam al-Darimi addressed and refuted them accordingly.
Among his refutations was the assertion that the Hanafi madhhab, in its core principles, opposed the beliefs of the Mu‘tazilah and even took action against them.
Imam al-Darimi also clarified that Abu Hanifa is not to be equated with the leaders of the Mu‘tazilah. Bishr al-Marisi, for instance, was considered a disbeliever for his Kufr beliefs which opposed the consensus of the Ummah, whereas Abu Hanifa made errors in Fiqh that did not take him out of Islam. One erred, while the other disbelieved.
فَبُؤْسًا لَكَ ولأَصْحَابِكَ الَّذينَ قَلَّدْتُمْ دِينَكُمْ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ، وَأَبَا يُوسُفَ، وَمُحَمَّدَ بْنَ الحَسَنِ فِي أَكْثَرِ مَا تُفْتُونَ مِمَّا لَا تَقَعُونَ مِنْ أَكْثَرِهِ عَلَى كِتَابٍ وَلَا سُنَّةٍ.
[ص252 - كتاب نقض الدارمي على المريسي]
Imam al-Darimi said:
"Woe to you (Bishr al-Marisi) and to your companions, those who have entrusted your religion to Abu Hanifa, Abu Yusuf, and Muhammad ibn al-Hasan, in most of what you issue fatwas on (in Fiqh), much of which is not based on the Book or the Sunnah."
[Naqd al-Darimi 'ala al-Marisi - Page 252]
Imam al-Darimi views the Hanafi Fiqh to have many mistakes in it.
What is ironic is that the Mu'tazilah issued fatwas based on the Fiqh of the Hanafis, whilst the Hanafis actually persecuted them for their beliefs.
فَبُؤْسًا لَكَ ولأَصْحَابِكَ الَّذينَ قَلَّدْتُمْ دِينَكُمْ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ، وَأَبَا يُوسُفَ، وَمُحَمَّدَ بْنَ الحَسَنِ فِي أَكْثَرِ مَا تُفْتُونَ مِمَّا لَا تَقَعُونَ مِنْ أَكْثَرِهِ عَلَى كِتَابٍ وَلَا سُنَّةٍ.
[ص252 - كتاب نقض الدارمي على المريسي]
Imam al-Darimi said:
"And how can you seek a fatwa from al-Marisi, when you (al-Thalji) yourself have narrated that Abu Yusuf intended to seize him (Bishr) and punish him for these deviant views — until he fled from him to Basra?"
[Naqd al-Darimi 'ala al-Marisi - Page 252]
The Mu'tazilah follow Hanafi Fiqh while they were persecuted by Abu Yusuf for holding deviant views.
وَيْحَكَ! إِنَّ النَّاسَ لَمْ يَرْضَوْا مِنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ إِذْ أَفْتَى بِخِلَافِ رِوَايَاتٍ رُوِيَتْ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -[٦٤/و] فِي «البَيِّعَيْن بِالخِيَارِ ما لم يَتَفَرَّقَا» (٢)، وَفِي «الوُضُوءِ مِنْ لُحُومِ الإِبِلِ» (٣) و «إِشْعَار البُدْن» (٤) وَفِي «إِسْهَامِ الفَارِسِ وَالرَّاجِلِ» (٥) وَفِي «لبس المحرم الخُفَّيْنِ إذا لم يَجِدِ النَّعْلَيْنِ» (٦). وَمَا أَشْبَهَهَا مِنَ الأَحَادِيث حَتَّى نَسَبُوا أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ فِيهَا إِلَى رَدِّ حَدِيثِ رَسُولِ الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم -، وَنَاقَضُوهُ فِيهَا، وَوَضَعُوا عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا الكُتُبَ.
فَكَيْفَ بِمَنْ نَاصَبَ اللهَ فِي صِفَاتِهِ الَّتِي يَنْطِقُ بنصِّها كِتَابُهُ، فَيَنْقُضُهَا عَلَى اللهِ صِفَةً بَعْدَ صِفَةٍ، وَشَيْئًا بَعْدَ شَيْءٍ بِعَمَايَاتٍ مِنَ الحُجَجِ وَخُرَافَاتٍ مِنَ الكَلَامِ خِلَافَ مَا عَنَى اللهُ، وَلَمْ يَأْتِ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْهَا الرِّوَايَاتُ، وَلَمْ يُوجَدْ شَيْءٌ مِنْهَا عَن العلمَاء الثِّقَات، بَلْ كُلُّهَا ضَحِكٌ وَخُرَافَاتٌ؟ فَإِنْ كَانَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ اسْتَحَقَّ بِمَا أَفْتَى مِنْ خِلَافِ تِلْكَ الرِّوَايَاتِ أَنْ يُنْسَبَ إِلَى رَدِّ حَدِيثِ رَسُولِ الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم -؛ اسْتَحْقَقْتُمْ أَنْتُمْ أَنْ تُنْسَبُوا إِلَى رَدِّ مَا أَنْزَلَ اللهُ - عز وجل -، بَلْ أَنْتُمْ أَوْلَى بِالرَّدِّ مِنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ؛ لِأَنَّ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ قَدْ وَافَقَهُ عَلَى بَعْضِ فُتْيَاهُ بَعْضُ الفُقَهَاءِ، وَلَمْ يُتَابِعْكُمْ عَلَى مَذَاهِبِكُمْ إِلَّا السُّفَهَاءُ وَأَهْلُ البِدَعِ والأَهْوَاءِ، وَمَنْ لَا يَعْرِفُ لَهُ إِلَهًا فِي السَّمَاءِ، فَشَتَّانَ مَا بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ فِيمَا أَفْتَى؛ لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ مَنْ كَفَرَ كَمَنْ أَخْطَأَ، وَلَا هُمَا فِي الإِثْمِ والعَارِ سَوَاءٌ.
[ص331-332 - كتاب نقض الدارمي على المريسي]
Imam al-Darimi said:
"Woe to you (Oh Mu'tazilah)! The people (scholars) were not pleased with Abu Hanifa when he issued fatwas that contradicted the narrations reported from the Prophet (ﷺ). Regarding:
'the two sales with the option to retract as long as they haven't separated',
'wudu after eating camel meat',
'marking the camels',
'the share of the horseman and the foot soldier',
and 'the pilgrim wearing shoes if he cannot find sandals'. And similar hadiths.
They attributed to Abu Hanifa the rejection of the hadith of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), opposed him in this regard, and they wrote books against him for this.
So how about those who oppose Allah regarding His attributes that His book speaks of explicitly, rejecting them one by one, and replacing them with ambiguities and fabrications contrary to what Allah intended? There is no report of these things (opposing the attributes) from the narrations, nor is there anything of it found among the trustworthy scholars. Rather, all of it is nonsense and fabrications!
If Abu Hanifa deserved to be accused of rejecting the hadith of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) because of his fatwas contradicting those narrations (due to error), then you are even more deserving to be accused of rejecting what Allah, the Exalted, has revealed. For some of Abu Hanifa's fatwas were in agreement with some scholars, whereas none follow your teachings except the foolish, the people of innovations and desires, and those who do not acknowledge a Lord in the heavens.
So, how far apart are you from Abu Hanifa in what he issued as fatwas? For, one who errs (what Abu Hanifa did) is not like one who disbelieves (what Mu'tazilah did), and they are not equal in sin and shame."
[Naqd al-Darimi 'ala al-Marisi - Page 331-332]
First, Imam al-Darimi distinguishes the Mu'tazilah from Abu Hanifa, indicating that he did not consider Abu Hanifa to be one of them or one who holds one of their views.
Second, Imam al-Darimi clarifies that while Abu Hanifa made errors in his Fiqh views, he was not deemed a disbeliever for his differing opinions. In contrast, the Mu'tazilah are considered disbelievers because they commited kufr mistakes, which none of the Muslim scholars follow.
This demonstrates that Imam al-Darimi disagreed with Abu Hanifa's Fiqh views, believing they conflicted with the authentic Sunnah.
However, he acknowledges that Abu Hanifa did not intend to reject the Sunnah, as he held a different view that was supported by some scholars (of which Yahya ibn Sa'eed al-Qattan, Abu Ubayd al-Qaasim and others).
In conclusion, Abu Hanifa was viewed to have erred in many Fiqh views but did not commit kufr by opposing the Sunnah. On the other hand, the Jahmiyyah disbelieved by opposing clear evidence, with no excuse, as none of the scholars of Islam agreed with their views.
Ḥarb al-Kirmānī was a prominent follower and student of Imām Aḥmad, both in matters of Fiqh and ʿAqīdah. May Allah have mercy on him.
He authored significant works such as Kitāb Ijmāʿ al-Salaf fī al-Iʿtiqād and Masāil Ḥarb. Through these and similar works, we gain valuable insights into the Aqeedah of the Salaf Saliheen.
Ḥarb al-Kirmānī criticized Abū Ḥanīfah for his methodology in Fiqh, believing that he prioritized opinion (Raiyy) over the Sunnah.
His criticism was harsh—much like Imām Aḥmad's—reflecting his alignment with a school that was known for boycotting the people of Raiyy.
* ومن زعم أنه لا يرى التقليد (٤)، ولا يقلد دينه أحدًا؛ فهذا قولُ فاسقٍ مبتدعٍ عدوٍ لله ولرسوله -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- (٥)، [ولدينه، ولكتابه، ولسنة نبيه -عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام-]، (٦)، إنما يريد بذلك إبطال الأثر، وتعطيل العلم، و [إطفاء] (٧) السنة، والتفرد بالرأي، والكلام، والبدعة، والخلاف [فعلى قائل هذا القول، لعنة الله والملائكة والناس أجمعين. فهذا من أخبث قول المبتدعة، وأقربها إلى الضلالة والردى، بل هو ضلالة زعم أنه لا يرى التقليد، وقد قلد دينه أبا حنيفة (١) وبشر المريسي (٢)، وأصحابه، فأي عدو لدين الله أعدى ممن يريد أن يطفئ السنن، ويبطل الآثار والروايات، ويزعم أنه لا يرى التقليد وقد قلد دينه من قد سميت لك، وهم أئمة الضلال، ورءوس البدع، وقادة المخالفين (٣)، فعلى قائل هذا القول غضب الله] (٤)] (٥).
[كتاب إجماع السلف في الاعتقاد - حرب الكرماني - الصفحة ٧٥-٧٦]
Harb al-Kirmani said:
"Whoever claims that they do not see Taqlid as valid, and that they do not blindly follow anyone in their religion, this is the statement of a sinful innovator, an enemy of Allah and His Messenger - peace be upon him - [and of His religion, His Book, and the Sunnah of His Prophet - peace be upon him].
What they intend by this is to nullify the narrations, suspend knowledge, extinguish the Sunnah, and promote the exclusivity of personal opinion, speech, innovation, and opposition.
So, upon the one who utters this statement, may the curse of Allah, the angels, and all of mankind be upon them.
This (to not blindly imitate) is one of the most wicked sayings of the innovators, and one of the closest to misguidance and destruction.
In fact, it is misguidance for someone to claim that they do not see the need for taqlid (blind imitation), while they have followed the religion of Abu Hanifa, Bishr al-Marisi, and his companions.
So, who is a greater enemy to the religion of Allah than one who seeks to extinguish the Sunnah, nullify the narrations and reports, and claims not to see the need for taqlid, while having followed the religion of those I have mentioned to you, who are the leaders of misguidance, the heads of innovation, and the leaders of the deviants?
So, upon the one who utters this statement, may the anger of Allah be."
[Kitab Ijmaa' al-Salaf fi al-I'tiqaad - Harb al-Kirmani - Page 75-76]
Harb al-Kirmani explains that the Mu'tazilahs rejection of Taqlid implies they refuse to follow the Prophet and his companions blindly. Instead, they would create their own opinions and interpretations, ultimately seeking to undermine the core principles of Islam.
For instance, when the Sahaba affirmed that Allah is above His Throne in their interpretation of a verse, the Mu'tazilah would reject that view, claiming they don’t believe in Taqlid.
This is a clear misguidance, as it contradicts the Prophet’s teachings, which emphasize following him and the consensus of the Sahaba. The Mu'tazilah, however, assert that they won’t follow the Sahaba blindly in their consensus, choosing instead to form their own opinions.
As for Ahl Sunnah, we follow the Prophet and adhere to whatever the Sahaba have unanimously agreed upon. This is the correct approach, as it preserves the authentic, traditional view of Islam, keeping it pure and free from misguidance.
Harb al-Kirmani also calls out their (the Mu'tazilah) claim to not believe in Taqlid, while they follow Abu Hanifa (in Fiqh) and Bishr al-Marisi (in Aqeedah) blindly.
Al-Kirmani called Abu Hanifa one of the heads of misguidance, innovation, and deviance, as he views that Abu Hanifa prefers Qiyas and Raiyy over the Sunnah.
* والدين إنما هو كتاب الله [عَزَّ وَجَلَّ] (١)، وآثار، وسنن، وروايات صحاح عن الثقات بالأخبار الصحيحة القوية المعروفة [المشهورة، يرويها الثقة الأول المعروف عن الثاني الثقة المعروف] (٢)، يُصدق بعضهم (٣) بعضًا، حتى ينتهي ذلك إلى النبي (٤) -صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-، أو أصحاب النبي (٥)، أو التابعين (٦)، أو تابع (٧) التابعين، أو (٨) من بعدهم من الأئمة المعروفين، المقتدى بهم، المتمسكين بالسنة، والمتعلقين بالأثر (٩)، [الذين] (١٠) لا يُعرفون ببدعة (١١)، ولا يُطعن عليهم (١٢) بكذب، ولا يُرمَون بخلاف، وليسوا أصحاب (١٣) قياس، ولا رأي؛ لأن القياس في الدين باطل (١)، والرأي كذلك وأبطل منه، وأصحاب الرأي والقياس في الدين مبتدعة [جهلة] (٢) ضُلال؛ إلا أن يكون في ذلك أثر عمن سلف من الأئمة الثقات، [فالأخذ بالأثر أولى] (٣).
[كتاب إجماع السلف في الاعتقاد - حرب الكرماني - الصفحة ٧٥-٧٦]
Harb al-Kirmani said:
"The religion is indeed the Book of Allah [Exalted and Majestic], and the narrations, the Sunnah, and authentic reports from the trustworthy narrators through strong and well-known chains of narration [reliable and well-known, narrated by the first trustworthy narrator from the second known trustworthy narrator], confirming one another, until it reaches the Prophet - peace be upon him - or the companions of the Prophet, or the Tabi'een, or the Atba Tabi'een, or those after them from the well-known imams, those who are followed, who adhere to the Sunnah, and who hold fast to the narrations, [who] are not known for innovation, nor are they accused of lying, nor are they known for differing views, and they are not Ashab al-Qiyas wal-Raiyy; because Qiyas in religion is false, and Raiyy is even worse and more invalid, and those who rely on Raiyy and Qiyas in religion are innovators [ignorant] and misled. Unless there is a narration from those who preceded from the trustworthy imams, [then following the narration is preferred]."
[Kitab Ijmaa' al-Salaf fi al-I'tiqaad - Harb al-Kirmani - Page 74-75]
Harb al-Kirmani means to say that Qiyas and Raiyy is invalid when there is an authentic narration present about a certain issue.
Many Sahaba have practised Qiyas, and even Raiyy in some cases, because they did not find an authentic narration or verse about a certain issue.
And this was the advice of Umar ibn al-Khattab to Shurayh, to express his Raiyy whenever he could not find a verse or hadith concering an issue.
(3) حدثنا أبو بكر قال حدثنا علي بن مسهر عن الشيباني عن الشعبي عن شريح أن عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه كتب إليه: إذا جاءك شئ في كتاب الله فاقض به، ولا يلفتنك عنه الرجال، فان جاءك أمر ليس في كتاب الله فانظر سنة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فاقض بها، فإن جاءك ما ليس في كتاب الله وليس فيه سنة من رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فانظر ما اجتمع الناس عليه فخذ به، فإن جاءك ما ليس في كتاب الله ولم يكن فيه سنة من رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ولم يتكلم فيه أحد قبلك فاختر أي الامرين شئت: إن شئت أن تجتهد برأيك وتقدم فتقدم، وإن شئت أن تتأخر فتأخر، ولا أرى التأخر إلا خيرا لك.
[المصنف - ابن أبي شيبة الكوفي - ج ٥ - الصفحة ٣٥٩]
Ibn Abi Shaybah mentioned:
Ali bin Mus'hir narrated to us, from al-Shaybani (Abu Ishaq al-Shaybani), from al-Sha'bi, from Shurayh, that Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, wrote to him:
'If something comes to you from the Book of Allah, then judge by it, and do not let people divert you from it. If a matter comes to you that is not in the Book of Allah, then look to the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, and judge by it.
But if something comes to you that is not in the Book of Allah, and there is no Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, regarding it, then look to what the people have agreed upon and follow it.
But if something comes to you that is not in the Book of Allah, and there is no Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, and no one has spoken about it before you, then choose whichever of the two options you prefer: if you wish to exercise your opinion and proceed, you may do so, and if you wish to refrain, then refrain, though I see refraining as better for you.'"
[Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah - Volume 5 - Page 359]
And this is what the scholars who have practised Raiyy followed. They held the permissibility of practising Raiyy whenever there was no authentic narration that reached them.
Raiyy includes using Qiyas, favoring a solution that seems more appropriate to public interest (Istihsan), customs ('Urf), and reason/rational evidence (Istidlāl al-‘Aql).
* وأصحاب الرأي: وهم مبتدعة ضُلال، أعداء السنة والأثر، [يرون الدين رأيًا وقياسًا واستحسانًا، وهم يخالفون الآثار]، ويبطلون الحديث، ويردون على الرسول [عليه الصلاة والسلام]، ويتخذون أبا حنيفة ومن قال بقوله إمامًا، يدينون بدينهم، [ويقولون بقولهم]، فأي ضلالة بأبين ممن قال بهذا، [أو كان على مثل هذا]، يترك قول الرسول وأصحابه، ويتبع رأي أبي حنيفة وأصحابه؟ فكفى بهذا غيًّا وطغيانًا وردًّا.
[كتاب إجماع السلف في الاعتقاد - حرب الكرماني - الصفحة ٩٤-٩٥]
Harb al-Kirmani said:
"As for the People of Opinion (Aṣḥāb al-Ra’y): they are innovators and deviant, enemies of the Sunnah and the traditions. They view religion through Raiyy, Qiyas, and Istihsan.
They oppose the traditions (āthār), nullify ḥadīth, and reject the Messenger [peace be upon him].
They take Abū Ḥanīfah and those who follow his views as their imams, adhere to their religion, and follow their sayings. So what misguidance could be more evident than that of one who says this or is upon such a way—leaving the words of the Messenger and his companions, and following the opinion of Abū Ḥanīfah and his followers?
That alone is enough misguidance, transgression, and rejection."
[Kitab Ijmaa' al-Salaf fi al-I'tiqaad - Harb al-Kirmani - Page 94-95]
It is the opinion of Harb al-Kirmani that Ahl al-Raiyy are the enemies of the Sunnah. There existed a big clash between Ahl al-Hadith and Ahl al-Raiyy, and this saying shows that.
The one accused the other of rejecting the Sunnah, while the other evidenced that they do not.
Ahl al-Raiyy were known for expressing their opinions (Raiyy) in matters where they did not find an authentic narration.
And even when a narration was found, they would often give precedence to the customs of their people, believing that the report was either abrogated or contained some form of weakness.
This was also the approach of Imam Malik, who would frequently give precedence to the customs and practices of the people of Madinah over certain authentic reports that reached him.
Imām Mālik was critical of Abū Ḥanīfah’s methodology in Fiqh, viewing his excessive use of opinion (Raiyy) as a threat to the religion. He feared that such an approach might lead people to abandon the Sunnah in favor of personal reasoning.
Although Imām Mālik is reported to have made some positive remarks about Abū Ḥanīfah, his overall stance leaned heavily toward critique.
Numerous narrations exist in which Imām Mālik voices his criticisms of Abū Ḥanīfah.
حدثنا عبد الوارث بن سفيان قال حدثنا قاسم بن أصبغ ووهب بن مسرة قالا حدثنا ابن وضاح قال حدثنا أبو جعفر هارون بن سعيد بن الهيثم الأيلي قال حدثنا عبد الله بن مسلمة القرشي قال سمعت مالكا يقول ما زال هذا الأمر معتدلا حتى نشأ أبو حنيفة فأخذ فيهم بالقياس فما أفلح ولا أبجح
[جامع بيان العلم وفضله - ابن عبد البر - ج ٢ - الصفحة ١٤٧]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
Abu al-Warith ibn Sufyan narrated to us, saying: Qasim ibn Asbagh and Wahb ibn Misrah both narrated to us, saying: Ibn Waddah narrated to us, saying: Abu Ja'far Harun ibn Said ibn al-Haytham al-Ayli narrated to us, saying: 'Abdullah ibn Muslimah al-Qurashi narrated to us, saying:
I heard Malik say: "This matter remained balanced until Abu Hanifa grew up and began using analogy (Qiyas) in it, and he did not succeed nor achieve any good outcome with it."
[Jaami' al-Bayaan wa Fadlihi - Volume 2 - Page 147]
قال ابن وضاح وسمعت أبا جعفر الأيلي يقول سمعت خالد بن نزار يقول سمعت مالكا يقول لو خرج أبو حنيفة على هذه الأمة بالسيف كان أيسر عليهم مما أظهر فيهم يعني من القياس والرأي
[جامع بيان العلم وفضله - ابن عبد البر - ج ٢ - الصفحة ١٤٧]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
Ibn Waddah said: I heard Abu Ja'far al-Ayli say: I heard Khalid ibn Nizar say:
I heard Malik say: "If Abu Hanifa had come out against this Ummah with the sword, it would have been easier for them than what he revealed to them, meaning his use of analogy (Qiyas) and personal opinion (Raiyy)."
[Jaami' al-Bayaan wa Fadlihi - Volume 2 - Page 147]
أخبرنا ابن الفضل، أخبرنا عبيد الله بن جعفر بن درستويه، حدثنا يعقوب بن سفيان، حدثني الحسن بن الصباح، حدثنا إسحاق بن إبراهيم الحنيني قال: قال مالك: ما ولد في الإسلام مولود أضر على أهل الإسلام من أبي حنيفة.
وكان يعيب الرأي ويقول: قبض رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وقد تم هذا الأمر واستكمل، فإنما ينبغي أن تتبع آثار رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وأصحابه، ولا تتبع الرأي، وإنه متى اتبع الرأي جاء رجل آخر أقوى منك فاتبعته. فأنت كلما جاء رجل غلبك اتبعته، أرى هذا الأمر لا يتم.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٦]
Ibn al-Fadl informed us, 'Ubayd Allah bin Ja'far bin Darstawayh informed us, Ya'qub bin Sufyan told me, Al-Hassan bin al-Sabbah informed us, and Ishaq bin Ibrahim al-Hunayni said:
Malik said: "No one born in Islam has been more harmful to the Muslims than Abu Hanifa."
He (Malik) used to criticize the use of opinion (raiyy) and would say: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) passed away when this matter was completed and perfected. Therefore, one should follow the traces of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and his companions, not follow personal opinion. Whenever you follow opinion, another stronger man will come and you will follow him. So every time a man overpowers you, you will follow him. I believe this matter will not be sustained."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 396]
أخبرني أبو الفرج الطناجيري، حدثنا عمر بن أحمد الواعظ، حدثنا محمد ابن زكريا العسكري، حدثنا علي بن زيد الفرائضي، حدثنا الحنيني قال: سمعت مالكا يقول: ما ولد في الإسلام مولود أشأم من أبي حنيفة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠١]
Abu al-Faraj al-Tanajiri informed me, 'Umar bin Ahmad al-Wa'idh narrated to us, Muhammad bin Zakariya al-‘Askari narrated to us, Ali bin Zaid al-Faraidhi narrated to us, al-Hunayni said: I heard Malik bin Anas say: "No one born in Islam is more harmful than Abu Hanifa."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 401]
حدثنا أبو معمر عن الوليد بن مسلم قال قال لي مالك بن أنس أيذكر أبو حنيفة ببلدكم قلت نعم قال ما ينبغي لبلدكم أن يسكن وما أراه سمع من الوليد
[العلل - أحمد بن حنبل - ج ٣ - الصفحة ١٦٤]
'Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu Ma'mar narrated to us from al-Walid ibn Muslim, who said: Malik ibn Anas said to me: "Is Abu Hanifa mentioned in your town?" I replied, "Yes." He said: "It is not fitting for your town to be inhabited, and I don't think he heard from al-Walid."
[Al-'Ilal - Imam Ahmad - Volume 3 - Page 164]
حدثنا منصور بن أبي مزاحم قال سمعت مالك بن أنس ذكر أبا حنيفة فقال كاد الدين كاد الدين
[العلل - أحمد بن حنبل - ج ٣ - الصفحة ١٦٤]
'Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Manṣūr ibn Abī Mazāḥim narrated to us, saying: I heard Mālik ibn Anas mention Abu Hanifa, and he said: "The religion was nearly ruined, the religion was nearly ruined."
[Al-'Ilal - Imam Ahmad - Volume 3 - Page 164]
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَنْصُورُ بْنُ أَبِي مُزَاحِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، يَقُولُ: إِنَّ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ كَادَ الدِّينَ , كَادَ الدِّينَ،.
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
'Abdullah ibn Ahmad ibn Hanbal narrated to us, saying: Mansur ibn Abi Muzahim narrated to us, Malik ibn Anas narrated to us, saying: "Abu Hanifa nearly destroyed the religion, nearly destroyed the religion."
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مَعْمَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ: يُذْكَرُ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ بِبَلَدِكُمْ؟ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ , قَالَ: مَا يَنْبَغِي لِبَلَدِكُمْ أَنْ تُسْكَنَ.
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
'Abdullah ibn Ahmad narrated to us, saying: Ibrahim ibn 'Abdul-Rahim narrated to us, saying: Abu Ma'mar narrated to us, saying: Al-Walid ibn Muslim said: Malik ibn Anas said to me: "Is Abu Hanifa mentioned in your town?" I replied: "Yes." He said: "It is not fitting for your town to be inhabited."
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
قال منصور وسمعت مالك بن أنس وذكر أبا حنيفة فقال كاد الدين
[العلل - أحمد بن حنبل - ج ٢ - الصفحة ٥٤٧]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Mansur said: I heard Malik ibn Anas mention Abu Hanifa, and he said: "The religion was almost ruined."
[Al-'Ilal - Imam Ahmad - Volume 2 - Page 547]
حدثني أبو معمر عن الوليد بن مسلم قال قال لي مالك بن أنس أيذكر أبو حنيفة ببلدكم قلت نعم قال ما ينبغي لبلدكم أن يسكن
[العلل - أحمد بن حنبل - ج ٢ - الصفحة ٥٤٧]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu Ma'mar narrated to me from Al-Walid ibn Muslim, who said: Malik ibn Anas said to me: "Is Abu Hanifa mentioned in your town?" I replied: "Yes." He said: "It is not fitting for your town to be inhabited."
[Al-'Ilal - Imam Ahmad - Volume 2 - Page 547]
«حَدَّثَنِي الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الصَّبَّاحِ حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْحُنَيْنِيُّ قَالَ:
قَالَ مَالِكٌ مَا وُلِدَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ مَوْلُودٌ أَضَرَّ عَلَى أهل الإسلام من أبي حنيفة، وَكَانَ يَعِيبُ الرَّأْيَ وَيَقُولُ: قُبِضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَقَدْ تَمَّ هَذَا الْأَمْرُ وَاسْتُكْمِلَ، فَإِنَّمَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ نَتَّبِعَ آثَارَ رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وأصحابه، وَلَا نَتَّبِعَ الرَّأْيَ [وَإِنَّهُ مَنِ اتَّبَعَ الرَّأْيَ] جَاءَ رَجُلٌ أَقْوَى مِنْكَ فِي الرَّأْيِ فَاتَّبَعْتَهُ، فَأَنْتَ كُلَّمَا جَاءَ رَجُلٌ غَلَبَكَ اتَّبَعْتَهُ، أَرَى هَذَا الْأَمْرَ لَا يَتِمُّ».
[المعرفة والتاريخ - الفسوي - المجلد ٢ - الصفحة ٧٨٩-٧٩٠]
Al-Fassawi mentioned:
"Al-Hasan ibn al-Sabbah told me, Ishaq ibn Ibrahim al-Hunayni narrated to us:
Malik said: 'No one born in Islam has caused more harm to the people of Islam than Abu Hanifa.'
Malik criticized the opinions and said: "The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, passed away while this matter was complete and fulfilled. We should follow the footsteps of the Messenger of Allah and his companions, and not follow opinions. For if someone follows an opinion, a man stronger than you in opinion may come and you will follow him. You will keep following whoever overpowers you, and I believe this matter will not be sound.'"
[Al-Ma'rifah wal-Tarikh - Al-Fassawi - Volume 2 - Page 789-790]
ثنا ابن أبي داود ثنا الربيع بن سليمان الجيزي عن الحارث بن مسكين عن ابن القاسم قال: قال مالك الداء العضال الهلاك في الدين وأبو حنيفة من الداء العضال
[الكامل - عبد الله بن عدي - ج ٧ - الصفحة ٦]
Ibn 'Adiy mentioned:
Ibn Abi Dawud ⓘ narrated to us, from Al-Rabi' ibn Sulayman al-Jayzi who narrated to us from Al-Harith ibn Miskin, from Ibn al-Qasim, who said: Malik said: "The incurable disease is destruction in religion, and Abu Hanifa is from the incurable disease."
[Al-Kaamil - Ibn 'Adiy - Volume 7 - Page 6]
ثنا ابن حماد حدثني عبد الله بن أحمد حدثني أبو معمر عن الوليد بن مسلم قال: قال لي مالك أيذكر أبو حنيفة في بلدكم قلت نعم قال ما ينبغي لبلدكم ان تسكن
[الكامل - عبد الله بن عدي - ج ٧ - الصفحة ٦]
Ibn 'Adiy mentioned:
Ibn Hamad narrated to us, Abdullah ibn Ahmad narrated to us, Abu Mamr narrated to us from Al-Walid ibn Muslim, who said: Malik said to me: "Is Abu Hanifa mentioned in your town?" I replied, "Yes." He said, "It is not suitable for your town to be inhabited."
[Al-Kaamil - Ibn 'Adiy - Volume 7 - Page 6]
٢٩٢ - حَدَّثَنِي مَنْصُورُ بْنُ أَبِي مُزَاحِمٍ، سَمِعْتُ مَالِكَ بْنَ أَنَسٍ، ذَكَرَ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ فَذَكَرَهُ بِكَلَامِ سُوءٍ وَقَالَ: " كَادَ الدِّينَ، وَقَالَ: مَنْ كَادَ الدِّينَ فَلَيْسَ مِنَ الدِّينِ "
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩٩]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Mansoor ibn Abi Muzahim narrated to me, I heard Malik ibn Anas mention Abu Hanifa and speak ill of him, saying: "He almost ruined the religion," and added, "Whoever harms the religion is not part of the religion."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 199]
٢٩٣ - حَدَّثَنِي مَنْصُورٌ، مَرَّةً أُخْرَى قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مَالِكًا، يَقُولُ فِي أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ قَوْلًا يُخْرِجُهُ مِنَ الدِّينِ، وَقَالَ: «مَا كَادَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ إِلَّا الدِّينَ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩٩]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Mansur (ibn Abi Muzahim) narrated to me once again, saying: I heard Malik speak of Abu Hanifa in a way that would exclude him from the religion, and he said: "Abu Hanifa was nothing but harmful to the religion."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 199]
This narration could be understood to be that Imam Malik made takfir of Abu Hanifa. It could also mean that he emphasised Abu Hanifa's way to be something that contradicts Islam. Just like the Prophet's saying whoever is not good to children, he is not from me.
٢٩٤ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو مَعْمَرٍ، عَنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ «أَيُذْكَرُ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ بِبَلَدِكُمْ؟» قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: «مَا يَنْبَغِي لِبَلَدِكُمْ أَنْ يُسْكَنَ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩٩]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu Ma'mar narrated to me from Al-Walid bin Muslim, who said: Malik ibn Anas said, "Is Abu Hanifa mentioned in your town?" I replied, "Yes." He said, "It is not appropriate for your town to be inhabited."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 199]
٢٩٥ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ لِي خَالِي مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ " أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ مِنَ الدَّاءِ الْعُضَالِ وَقَالَ مَالِكٌ: أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ يَنْقُضُ السُّنَنَ "
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩٩]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu al-Fadl al-Khurasani narrated to me, saying: Ismail bin Abi Uwais told me, who said: My maternal uncle Malik ibn Anas said to me, "Abu Hanifa is from the chronic illness." Malik also said, "Abu Hanifa contradicts the Sunnah."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 199]
٢٩٦ - حَدَّثَنِي الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الصَّبَّاحِ الْبَزَّارُ، حَدَّثَنِي الْحُنَيْنِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، قَالَ: «مَا وُلِدَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ مَوْلُودٌ أَضَرَّ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ مِنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ»، وَكَانَ يَعِيبُ الرَّأْيَ
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٠٠]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Al-Hasan bin al-Sabbah al-Bazzar narrated to me, saying: Al-Hunayni told me from Malik ibn Anas, who said: "No one has been born in Islam who has caused more harm to the people of Islam than Abu Hanifa." And he used to criticize his opinion.
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 200]
٣٧٧ - سَمِعْتُ أَبِيَ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ، يَقُولُ: قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ: قُلْتُ لِمَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ: كَانَ عِنْدَنَا عَلْقَمَةُ وَالْأَسْوَدُ، فَقَالَ: «قَدْ كَانَ عِنْدَكُمْ مَنْ قَلَّبَ الْأَمْرَ هَكَذَا وَقَلَّبَ أَيْ بَطْنَ كَفِّهِ عَلَى ظَاهِرِهَا، يَعْنِي أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٠]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
I heard my father, may Allah have mercy on him, say: Abdullah ibn Idris said: "I said to Malik ibn Anas: 'Alqama and Al-Aswad were with us,' and he said: 'You had someone among you who turned matters like this, turning the palm of his hand over its surface, meaning Abu Hanifa.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 220]
٣٨٩ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ، ثنا مَسْعُودُ بْنُ خَلَفٍ، قَالَ: ثنا وَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، قَالَ قَالَ لِي مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ " يَظْهَرُ بِبَلَدِكُمْ كَلَامُ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ؟ قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ قَالَ: مَا يَنْبَغِي لِبَلَدِكُمْ أَنْ يُسْكَنَ "
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٤]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu al-Fadl al-Khurasani narrated to me, from Mas'ud ibn Khalaf (Majhul), who said: "Malik ibn Anas said to me, 'Does the speech of Abu Hanifa appear in your town?' I said, 'Yes.' He said, 'It is not appropriate for your town to be inhabited.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 224]
٣٨٧ - أُخْبِرْتُ عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ الْيَسَارِيِّ الْأَصَمِّ، عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَنَسٍ، قَالَ «الدَّاءُ الْعُضَالُ الْهَلَاكُ فِي الدِّينِ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ الدَّاءُ الْعُضَالُ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٣]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
I was informed by Mutarrif al-Yasari al-Asami, from Malik ibn Anas, said: "The incurable disease is the destruction in religion. Abu Hanifa is the incurable disease."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 223]
ثنا محمد بن جعفر ثنا عبد الرحمن بن منصور ثنا أحمد بن الحكم العبدي سمعت مالك بن أنس يقول كان أهل البصرة عندنا هم أهل العراق وهم الناس ولقد كان بالكوفة رجال علقمة والأسود وشريح حتى وثب انسان يقال له حماد فاعترض هذا الدين فقال فيه برأيه ثم رهق رجل يقال له أبو حنيفة ففسد الناس فالله المستعان وللبسنا عليهم ما يلبسون
[الكامل - عبد الله بن عدي - ج ٢ - الصفحة ٢٣٨]
Ibn 'Adiy mentioned:
Muḥammad ibn Ja'far narrated to us, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Manṣūr narrated to us, Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥakam al-‘Abdī narrated to us, I heard Mālik ibn Anas say: 'The people of Basra were among us; they were the people of Iraq and they were the best of people.
Indeed, in Kūfa there were men such as ‘Alqama, al-Aswad, and Shurayḥ.
Then a man, known as Ḥammād (ibn Abi Sulayman), arose and began to challenge this religion, speaking about it with his own opinion.
After that, a man named Abū Ḥanīfa came and corrupted the people. And may Allah assist us. We are now mixed up with what they have mixed up.'"
[Al-Kaamil - Ibn 'Adiy - Volume 2 - Page 228]
أخبرنا إبراهيم بن مخلد المعدل، حدثنا محمد بن أحمد بن إبراهيم الحكيمي، حدثنا القاسم بن المغيرة الجوهري، حدثنا مطرف أبو مصعب الأصم قال: سئل مالك بن أنس عن قول عمر - في العراق - بها الداء العضال. قال:
الهلكة في الدين ومنهم أبو حنيفة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٠]
Ibrahim bin Mukhallad al-Mu'adal told us, Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Ibrahim al-Hakimi narrated to us, al-Qasim bin al-Mughira al-Jawhari narrated to us, Mutarif Abu Mus'ab al-Asamm said:
Malik bin Anas was asked about the statement of Umar - about Iraq - "In it is the incurable disease." He (Malik) said: "The destruction in religion, and among them is Abu Hanifa."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 400]
أخبرنا ابن رزق، أخبرنا محمد بن عبد الله بن إبراهيم، حدثنا جعفر بن محمد بن الحسن القاضي، حدثنا إبراهيم بن عبد الرحيم، حدثنا أبو معمر، حدثنا الوليد بن مسلم قال: قال لي مالك بن أنس: أيتكلم برأي أبي حنيفة عندكم؟
قلت: نعم! قال: ما ينبغي لبلدكم أن تسكن.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٠]
Ibn Rizq told us, Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Ibrahim narrated to us, Ja'far bin Muhammad bin al-Hasan al-Qadi narrated to us, Ibrahim bin Abdul Rahim narrated to us, Abu Ma'mar narrated to us:
al-Walid bin Muslim said: Malik bin Anas said to me: "Do they speak the opinion of Abu Hanifa in your town?" I said: "Yes!" He said: "It is not suitable for your town to be inhabited."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 400]
أخبرنا علي بن محمد المعدل، أخبرنا محمد بن أحمد بن الحسن الصواف، أخبرني عبد الله بن أحمد بن حنبل، حدثنا أبو معمر عن الوليد بن مسلم قال: قال لي مالك بن أنس: أيذكر أبو حنيفة ببلدكم؟ قلت: نعم! قال: ما ينبغي لبلدكم أن تسكن.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٠]
Ali bin Muhammad al-Mu'adal told us, Muhammad bin Ahmad bin al-Hasan al-Sawaf narrated to us, Abdullah bin Ahmad bin Hanbal informed us, Abu Ma'mar narrated to us from al-Walid bin Muslim who said: Malik bin Anas said to me: "Is Abu Hanifa mentioned in your town?" I said: "Yes!" He said: "It is not suitable for your town to be inhabited."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 400-401]
أخبرنا أحمد بن محمد العتيقي والحسين بن جعفر السلماسي والحسن بن علي الجوهري قالوا: أخبرنا علي بن عبد العزيز البرذعي، أخبرنا أبو محمد عبد الرحمن بن أبي حاتم الرازي، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا ابن أبي سريج قال: سمعت الشافعي يقول: سمعت مالك بن أنس - وقيل له: تعرف أبا حنيفة؟ فقال: نعم! ما ظنكم برجل لو قال: هذه السارية من ذهب لقام دونها حتى يجعلها من ذهب، وهي من خشب أو حجارة؟ قال أبو محمد: يعني أنه كان يثبت على الخطأ ويحتج دونه ولا يرجع إلى الصواب إذا بان له.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠١]
Ahmad bin Muhammad al-‘Atiqi, al-Hussain bin Ja'far al-Salmasi, and al-Hasan bin Ali al-Jawhari said: Ali bin Abdul Aziz al-Bardhahi informed us, Abu Muhammad Abdul Rahman bin Abi Hatim al-Razi narrated to us, my father narrated to us, Ibn Abi Surayj said: I heard al-Shafi’i say:
I heard Malik bin Anas - and when he was asked: "Do you know Abu Hanifa?" He said: "Yes! What do you think of a man who, if he said: 'This pillar is made of gold,' would stand by it until he made it gold, though it is made of wood or stone?"
Abu Muhammad said: "This means that he would persist in his mistake, defending it, and would not return to the truth even when it was made clear to him."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 401]
أنبأنا علي بن محمد المعدل، أخبرنا أبو علي بن الصواف، أخبرنا عبد الله ابن أحمد بن حنبل، حدثنا منصور بن أبي مزاحم قال: سمعت مالك بن أنس - وذكر أبا حنيفة - فقال: كاد الدين، كاد الدين.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠١]
Ali bin Muhammad al-Mu'adal informed us, Abu Ali bin al-Sawaf narrated to us, 'Abdullah bin Ahmad bin Hanbal narrated to us, Mansur bin Abi Muzahim said: I heard Malik bin Anas - and he mentioned Abu Hanifa - and he said: "The religion was almost ruined, the religion was almost ruined."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 401]
أخبرنا ابن رزق، أخبرنا أبو بكر الشافعي، حدثنا جعفر بن محمد بن الحسن القاضي قال: سمعت منصور بن أبي مزاحم يقول: سمعت مالكا يقول: إن أبا حنيفة كاد الدين ومن كاد الدين فليس له دين.
وقال جعفر: حدثنا الحسن بن علي الحلواني قال: سمعت مطرفا يقول:
سمعت مالكا يقول: الداء العضال، الهلاك في الدين، وأبو حنيفة من الداء العضال.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠١]
Ibn Rizq told us, Abu Bakr al-Shafi'i informed us, Ja'far bin Muhammad bin al-Hasan al-Qadi said: I heard Mansur bin Abi Muzahim say: I heard Malik bin Anas say: "Abu Hanifa almost ruined the religion, and whoever almost ruins the religion has no religion."
Ja'far said: Al-Hasan bin Ali al-Halwani narrated to us, I heard Mutarif say: I heard Malik bin Anas say: "The incurable disease, the destruction in religion, and Abu Hanifa is from the incurable disease."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 401]
There are many scholars who have criticized Abu Hanifa for his excessive use of Qiyas and Raiyy, but also for his views such as Irja and rebelling against the oppressive Muslim rulers.
- Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah
- Sharik ibn Abdullah al-Nakha'ee
- Hammad ibn Salamah
- Ayyub al-Sakhtiyani
- Hammad ibn Zayd
- Ibn 'Awn And many more
أخبرنا ابن الفضل، حدثنا علي بن إبراهيم بن شعيب الغازي، حدثنا محمد ابن إسماعيل البخاري، حدثنا صاحب لنا عن حمدويه قال: قلت لمحمد بن مسلمة: ما لرأي النعمان دخل البلدان كلها إلا المدينة. قال: أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال:
" لا يدخلها الدجال ولا الطاعون " وهو دجال من الدجاجلة.
[تاريخ بغداد - المجلد ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٥-٣٩٦]
We were informed by Ibn al-Fadl, who was informed by 'Ali bin Ibrahim bin Shu'ayb al-Ghazi, who was informed by Muhammad bin Isma'il al-Bukhari, from a companion of his, who narrated from Hamduwayh, who said to Muhammad bin Maslamah:
"Why is it that the opinion of al-Nu’man (Abu Hanifa) did not enter all the lands except for Madinah?"
He (Muhammad ibn Maslamah) said: "Because the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: 'The Dajjal and the plague will not enter it (Madinah), and he (Abu Hanifa) is a Dajjal from among the Dajjals.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 395-396]
أخبرني محمد بن الحسين الأزرق، أخبرنا محمد بن الحسن بن زياد المقرئ أن أبا رجاء المروزي أخبرهم قال: قال حمدويه بن مخلد: قال محمد بن مسلمة المديني - وقيل له: ما بال رأي أبي حنيفة دخل هذه الأمصار كلها، ولم يدخل المدينة؟ قال: لأن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: " على كل نقب من أنقابها ملك يمنع الدجال من دخولها " وهذا من كلام الدجالين فمن ثم لم يدخلها. والله أعلم.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٦]
Muhammad bin al-Hussain al-Azraq told me, Muhammad bin al-Hasan bin Ziyad al-Muqri said that Abu Rajaa al-Marwazi informed them that Hamdawayh bin Makhled said: Muhammad bin Maslamah al-Madani was asked:
"Why did the opinion of Abu Hanifa spread to all these cities, but not to Medina?"
He replied: Because the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Every pass of its passes has an angel guarding it, preventing the Dajjal (Antichrist) from entering it." And this (opinion of Abu Hanifa) comes from the words of the Dajjals, so that’s why it did not enter Medina. And Allah knows best.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 396]
قَالَ حَمَّادٌ: فجلست الى أبي حنيفة في مسجد الحرام فقال: قدم أبواب الْمَدِينَةَ، فَجَلَسْتُ إِلَيْهِ فَقُلْتُ لِعَلِيٍّ أَتُعَلِّقْ عَلَيْهِ سقطة. قال: فجاء (٢٥٠ أ) حَتَّى قَامَ بَيْنَ الْمِنْبَرِ وَالْقَبْرِ. قَالَ: فَمَا ذَكَرْتُ مَقَامَهُ إِلَّا اقْشَعَرَّ جِلْدِي- قَالَ سُلَيْمَانُ: وَمَا أَرَاهُ إِلَّا كَذَبَ-. ثُمّ قَالَ سُلَيْمَانُ: تَرَوْنَ كَانَ فِي قَلْبِهِ إِيمَانٌ حَيْثُ هَمّ أَنْ يَتَعَلَّقَ لِأَيُّوبَ بِسَقْطَةٍ! هَلْ رَأَيْتُمْ أَسْوَأَ أَدَبًا مِنْهُ حِينَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ حَمَّادًا جَلِيسٌ لِأَيُّوبَ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ لَهُ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ!؟
[المعرفة والتاريخ - الفسوي - الجزء ٢ - الصفحة ٧٨٧]
Al-Fassawi mentioned:
Sulaiman ibn Harb narrated from Hammad, who said: "I sat with Abu Hanifa in the Sacred Mosque (Masjid al-Haram), and he said, 'The doors of Madinah have been opened. So I sat with him (Ayyub) and said to ‘Ali, 'Let me catch him in a slip. Then he (Ayyub) came until he stood between the minbar and the grave. I could not recall his standing there without my skin shivering.'"
Sulaiman said, "I do not think he (Abu Hanifa) was truthful. Do you think there was faith in his heart when he intended to catch Ayyub in a slip? Have you ever seen someone with worse manners than him, knowing that Hammad is a companion of Ayyub, yet he speaks such words to him!?"
[Al-Ma'rifah wal-Tarikh - Al-Fassawi - Volume 2 - Page 787]
Abu Hanifa believed he could expose a flaw in Ayyub by discussing a matter he thought Ayyub had been wrong about.
Sulayman ibn Harb saw this as a breach of proper conduct on Abu Hanifa's part, especially since he recounted it to Hammad ibn Zayd, a companion of Ayyub.
حدثنا محمد بن يحيى بن عبد الكريم، قال: حدثنا عبد الله بن داود، قال: حدثني أشعث - صاحب لي- قال: سمعت الأعمش يقول: إنما مثل (...) رجل خرج بالليل فرأى سوادًا فظن أنها تمرة، فإن أخطاه أن يكون غير ذلك كان خر وكلب.
[ص1211 - مسائل حرب الكرماني]
Harb al-Karmani mentioned:
"Muhammad ibn Yahya ibn Abd al-Karim narrated to us, he said: Abdullah ibn Dawood narrated to us, he said: Ash'ath, my companion, narrated to me, he said: I heard al-A'mash say: 'The example (of Abu Hanifa) is of a man who went out at night and saw something black, thinking it was a date. Then it turned out to be dung or a dog.'"
[Masaail Harb - Volume 3 - Page 1211]
ثنا عبد الله بن محمد بن نصر ثنا عبدة بن عبد الرحيم ثنا معروف بن حسان السمرقندي قال كنا عند الأعمش وهو مريض نعوده فدخل عليه أبو حنيفة قال فقال يا أبا محمد لولا انه يثقل عليك مجيئي لعدتك في كل يوم فقال الأعمش من هذا قالوا أبو حنيفة قال الأعمش أي لعمر الله إنك ثقيل علي في بيتك فكيف إذا جئتني قال وبصر أيوب بأبي حنيفة وقد دخل من باب بني شيبة فقال لأصحابه قوموا بنا لا يعرنا جربه
[الكامل - عبد الله بن عدي - ج ٦ - الصفحة ٣٢٥]
‘Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Nasr narrated to us, he said: ‘Abdah bin ‘Abd al-Rahim narrated to us, he said: Ma‘ruf bin Hassaan al-Samarqandi narrated to us:
"We were with al-A‘mash while he was ill, visiting him. Abu Hanifah entered to see him. He [Abu Hanifah] said, 'O Abu Muhammad, if it were not burdensome for you, I would visit you every day.'
Al-A‘mash said, 'Who is this?'
They said, 'It is Abu Hanifah.'
Al-A‘mash replied, 'By Allah, you are burdensome to me even in your own house, so how much more so if you come to me?'
And Ayyub saw Abu Hanifah entering through the gate of Banu Shaybah. He said to his companions, 'Let us leave so that his scabies does not afflict us.'"
[Al-Kaamil - Ibn 'Adiy - Volume 6 - Page 325]
Ma'ruf ibn Hassaan al-Samarqandi is not to be relied upon, but because the content of this narration is backed up by other stronger narrations, it is taken.
معروف بن حسان السمرقندي يكنى أبا معاذ منكر الحديث
[الكامل - عبد الله بن عدي - ج ٦ - الصفحة ٣٢٥]
Ibn 'Adiy said: Ma'ruf ibn Hassaan al-Samarqandi, nicknamed Abu Mu'aadh, he is Munkar al-Hadith.
[Al-Kaamil - Ibn 'Adiy - Volume 6 - Page 325]
معروف بن حسان السمرقندي روى عن.. روى عنه... سمعت أبي يقول: هو مجهول.
[الجرح والتعديل - الرازي - ج ٨ - الصفحة ٣٢٣]
Ibn Abi Haatim said: Ma'rouf ibn Hassan al-Samarqandi narrated from... and was narrated by... I heard my father say: He is majhul (unknown).
[Al-Jarh wal-Ta'deel - Ibn Abi Haatim - Volume 8 - Page 323]
أخبرنا محمد بن الحسين الأزرق، حدثنا علي بن عبد الرحمن بن عيسى الكوفي، حدثنا أحمد بن حازم، أخبرنا أبو غسان قال: ذكرت للحسن بن صالح رجلا قد كان جالس أبا حنيفة من النخع. فقال: لو كان أخذ من فقه النخع كان خيرا له، انظروا عمن تأخذون.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٧]
Muhammad bin Al-Hussein Al-Azraq informed us, saying: Ali bin Abdul-Rahman bin Issa Al-Kufi narrated to us, who mentioned: Ahmad bin Hazim told us, who said: Abu Ghassan reported to us: I mentioned to Al-Hasan bin Saleh about a man who had sat with Abu Hanifa from the Nakh'a tribe. He replied: "If he had taken from the jurisprudence of Nakh'a, it would have been better for him. Look carefully from whom you take knowledge."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 417]
Al-Hasan ibn Saleh said this because Abu Hanifa believed in Irja. And he warned against those with such innovations, and regarded them to be dangerous to sit with.
أخبرنا ابن الفضل، أخبرنا عبد الله بن جعفر، حدثنا يعقوب بن سفيان، حدثنا عبد الرحمن قال: سمعت علي بن المديني قال: قال لي بشر بن أبي الأزهر النيسابوري: رأيت في المنام جنازة عليها ثوب أسود، وحولها قسيسين فقلت: جنازة من هذه؟
فقالوا جنازة أبي حنيفة، حدثت أبا يوسف فقال: لا تحدث به أحدا.
[تاريخ بغداد - المجلد ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٢٥-٤٢٦]
Ibn Al-Fadl told us, Abdullah bin Ja'far told us, Ya'qub bin Sufyan told us, Abdul Rahman said: I heard Ali bin Al-Madini say: "Bishr bin Abi Al-Azhar Al-Nisaburi said to me: 'I saw in a dream a funeral covered with a black cloth, and around it were priests. I said: Whose funeral is this?' They replied: 'It is the funeral of Abu Hanifa.' I told Abu Yusuf about it, and he said: 'Do not tell anyone about this.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 425-426]
The narration is authentic, however, what is meant by it we don't know.
«حَدَّثَنِي الْوَلِيدُ حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو مُسْهِرٍ حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ فُلَيْحٍ الْمَدِينِيُّ عَنْ أَخِيهِ سُلَيْمَانَ- وَكَانَ عَلَّامَةً بِالنَّاسِ-: إِنَّ الَّذِي اسْتَتَابَ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ خَالِدٌ الْقَسْرِيُّ، قَالَ: فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ أَخَذَ فِي الرَّأْيِ لِيَعْصِيَ بِهِ».
[المعرفة والتاريخ - الفسوي - الجزء ٢ - الصفحة ٧٨٦]
Al-Fassawi mentioned:
Al-Walid narrated to me, Abu Mushar narrated to me, Muhammad ibn Falih al-Madani narrated to me from his brother Sulaiman—who was knowledgeable about people—that:
"The person who compelled Abu Hanifa to repent was Khalid al-Qasri. He said: 'When Abu Hanifa observed this, he adopted Raiyy in order to blind others with it.'"
[Al-Ma'rifah wal-Tarikh - Al-Fassawi - Volume 2 - Page 786]
سمعت الحسن بن عثمان بن زياد يقول: سمعت محمد بن منصور الجواز يقول:
رأيت الحميدي يقرأ كتاب الرد على أبي حنيفة في المسجد الحرام فكان يقول:
قال بعض الناس كذا، فقلت له: فكيف لا تسميه؟ قال: أكره أن أذكره في المسجد الحرام.
[كتاب المجروحين - ابن حبان - ج ٣ - الصفحة ٧٠]
Ibn Hibban mentioned:
I heard al-Hasan ibn ‘Uthman ibn Ziyad say: I heard Muhammad ibn Mansur al-Jawaz say: I saw al-Humaydi reading the book "Radd 'ala Abu Hanifa" in al-Masjid al-Haram. He would say, ‘Some people say such-and-such.’ So I said to him, ‘Why don’t you name him?’ He replied, ‘I dislike mentioning him in al-Masjid al-Haram.’
[Kitab al-Majruhin - Volume 3 - Page 70]
وكان رجلا جدلا ظاهر الورع لم يكن الحديث صناعته، حدث بمائة وثلاثين حديثا مسانيد ماله حديث في الدنيا غيرها أخطأ منها في مائة وعشرين حديثا. إما أن يكون أقلب إسناده أو غير متنه من حيث لا يعلم فلما غلب خطؤه على صوابه استحق ترك الاحتجاج به في الاخبار.
[كتاب المجروحين - ابن حبان - ج ٣ - الصفحة ٦٣]
Ibn Hibban said:
"He (Abu Hanifa) was a man of debate and outward piety, but hadith was not his profession. He narrated one hundred and thirty hadiths, and these were the only ones he narrated in his life. He made errors in one hundred and twenty of them, either by altering the chain of narration (isnad) or changing the text (matn) without realizing it. When his errors became more frequent than his correct narrations, it became justified to abandon using him as a source in reports."
[Kitab al-Majruhin - Volume 3 - Page 63]
Here, Ibn Hibban also acknowledges that Abu Hanifa was too noble to lie. Just like Yahya ibn Ma'een and Ibn Shaheen said.
ومن جهة أخرى لا يجوز الاحتجاج به لأنه كان داعيا إلى الارجاء (2) والداعية إلى البدع لا يجوز أن يحتج به عند أئمتنا قاطبة لا أعلم بينهم فيه خلافا على أن أئمة المسلمين وأهل الورع في الدين في جميع الأمصار وسائر الأقطار جرحوه وأطلقوا عليه القدح إلا الواحد بعد الواحد
[كتاب المجروحين - ابن حبان - ج ٣ - الصفحة ٦٤]
Ibn Hibban mentioned:
"On the other hand, it is not permissible to accept his narration because he was an advocate of al-Irjā, and an advocate of innovations. It is not permissible to accept the testimony of someone who calls to such innovations according to all of our imams, and I am unaware of any disagreement among them on this matter. Furthermore, the imams of the Muslims and the people of piety in religion from all regions and territories criticized him and disparaged him one after another."
[Kitab al-Majruhin - Volume 3 - Page 64]
Ibn Hibban meant by "advocate of innovations" that Abu Hanifa called out to rebel against the oppressive Muslim rulers.
أخبرنا البرقاني، حدثني محمد بن أحمد بن محمد الأدمي، حدثنا محمد بن علي الإيادي، حدثنا زكريا بن يحيى الساجي، حدثنا بعض أصحابنا قال:
قال أبن إدريس: إني لأشتهي من الدنيا أن يخرج من الكوفة قول أبي حنيفة، وشرب المسكر، وقراءة حمزة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٦]
Al-Burqani told us, Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Adami told me, Muhammad ibn 'Ali al-Iyadi told us, Zakariya ibn Yahya al-Saji told us, some of our companions said:
Ibn Idris said: "I wish that in this world, what would be removed from Kufa are the sayings of Abu Hanifa, the drinking of intoxicants, and the recitation of Hamza."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 406]
This wish was not granted. The madhab of Abu Hanifa is considered the biggest one, and the Quran recitation "Khalaf 'an Hamzah" is still practised, though not as much as the Quran recitation "Hafs 'an Asim". These are from the ten major canonical recitations of the Quran.
At the time of Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah, it came as a shock to him that the madhab of Abu Hanifa and the recitation of Hamzah were practised in many places outside Kufah.
At the time of Yahya ibn Ma'een, it was also still practised outside Kufah, and that is what he found the people to be upon. And we recount that it has been like this for centuries.
أخبرنا البرقاني، حدثني محمد بن أحمد بن محمد الأدمي، حدثنا محمد بن علي الإيادي، حدثنا زكريا بن يحيى الساجي، حدثنا بعض أصحابنا قال:
قال أبن إدريس: إني لأشتهي من الدنيا أن يخرج من الكوفة قول أبي حنيفة، وشرب المسكر، وقراءة حمزة.
وقال زكريا: سمعت محمد بن الوليد البسري قال: كنت قد تحفظت قول أبي حنيفة، فبينا أنا يوما عند أبي عاصم، فدرست عليه شيئا من مسائل أبي حنيفة، فقال ما أحسن حفظك، ولكن ما دعاك أن تحفظ شيئا تحتاج أن تتوب إلى الله منه.
[تاريخ بغداد - الجزء ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٦-٤٠٧]
Al-Burqani told us, Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Adami told me, Muhammad ibn 'Ali al-Iyadi told us, Zakariya ibn Yahya al-Saji told us, and some of our companions said:
Ibn Idris said: "I wish that in this world, what would be removed from Kufa are the sayings of Abu Hanifa, the drinking of intoxicants, and the recitation of Hamza."
Zakariya (al-Saji) said: "I heard Muhammad ibn al-Walid al-Basri say: I had memorized the sayings of Abu Hanifa, and one day, while I was with Abu 'Asim, I discussed some of the issues of Abu Hanifa with him. He said, 'How good your memory is, but what made you memorize something that you need to repent to Allah for?'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 406-407]
أخبرنا ابن الفضل، أخبرنا ابن درستويه، حدثنا يعقوب بن سفيان، حدثني الوليد قال: حدثني أبو مسهر، حدثني محمد بن فليح المدني عن أخيه سليمان - وكان علامة بالناس -: أن الذي استتاب أبا حنيفة خالد القسري. قال:
فلما رأى ذلك أخذ في الرأي ليعمى به.
[تاريخ بغداد - الجزء ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٨]
Ibn al-Fadl informed us, Ibn Durustawayh informed us, Ya'qub ibn Sufyan informed me, Al-Walid said: Abu Mushar told me, Muhammad ibn Falih al-Madani told us from his brother Suleiman—who was knowledgeable about people—that the one who gave Abu Hanifa the opportunity to repent was Khalid al-Qasri. He said: "When he saw that, he began to adopt an opinion to blind others with it."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 378]
Although Muhammad ibn Falih al-Madani makes mistakes and is not very strong as a narrator, it can still be accepted from him.
His brother, Suleiman, says that Khalid al-Qasri was the one who made Abu Hanifa repent.
Suleiman then expressed his view that Abu Hanifa adopted Raiyy in order to blind others with it.
Many have a different view than Suleiman, as they believed that Abu Hanifa adopted Raiyy when he did not find an authentic narration. And that he chose to do so instead of being silent, in order to help people with their questions without leaving them helpless.
أخبرنا البرقاني، أخبرنا بشر بن أحمد الإسفراييني، حدثنا عبد الله بن محمد بن سيار الفرهياني قال: سمعت القاسم بن عبد الملك أبا عثمان يقول:
سمعت أبا مسهر يقول: كانت الأئمة تلعن أبا فلان على هذا المنبر، وأشار إلى منبر دمشق. قال الفرهياني: وهو أبو حنيفة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٤]
We were informed by Al-Barqani, and by Bashir bin Ahmad Al-Isfarayini, who told us that Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Siyar Al-Firhiani said: I heard Al-Qasim bin Abdul Malik Abu Uthman say: I heard Abu Mushar say: The imams used to curse Abu Fulan from this pulpit, and he pointed to the pulpit of Damascus.
Al-Farhiani said: And he is Abu Hanifa.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 414]
أخبرنا البرمكي، أخبرنا محمد بن عبد الله بن خلف، حدثنا محمد ابن محمد الجوهري، حدثنا أبو بكر الأثرم، حدثنا سنيد بن داود، حدثنا حجاج قال: سألت قيس بن الربيع عن أبي حنيفة فقال: أنا من أعلم الناس به، كان أعلم الناس بما لم يكن وأجهلهم بما كان.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٦]
We were informed by Al-Barmaki, who narrated from Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Khalaf, who narrated from Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Jawhari, who narrated from Abu Bakr al-Athram, who narrated from Sunaid ibn Dawood, who narrated from Hajjaj, who said: "I asked Qays ibn al-Rabi' about Abu Hanifa, and he said: 'I am the most knowledgeable person about him. He was the most knowledgeable about what had not happened and the most ignorant about what had happened.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 406]
أخبرنا ابن الفضل، أخبرنا ابن درستويه، حدثنا يعقوب، حدثني الفضل ابن سهل، حدثنا الأسود بن عامر عن شريك قال: إنما كان أبو حنيفة جربا.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٧]
Ibn al-Fadl informed us, Ibn Durustuyah informed us, Ya'qub narrated to us, al-Fadl ibn Sahl narrated to us, al-Aswad ibn 'Amir narrated:
Sharik said: "Abu Hanifa was merely a scab (jarab)."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 397]
أخبرنا القاضي أبو بكر أحمد بن الحسن الحيري وأبو القاسم عبد الرحمن ابن محمد السراج وأبو سعيد محمد بن موسى الصيرفي قالوا: حدثنا أبو العباس محمد بن يعقوب الأصم، حدثنا محمد بن إسحاق الصاغاني، حدثنا سعيد بن عامر، حدثنا سلام بن أبي مطيع قال: كان أيوب قاعدا في المسجد الحرام، فرآه أبو حنيفة فأقبل نحوه، فلما رآه أيوب قد أقبل نحوه قال لأصحابه: قوموا لا يعرنا بجربه قوموا، فقاموا فتفرقوا.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٧]
Al-Qadi Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Hiri, Abu al-Qasim Abdurrahman ibn Muhammad al-Sarraj, and Abu Sa'id Muhammad ibn Musa al-Sayrafi informed us, saying: Abu al-'Abbas Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Asam narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Ishaq al-Saghani narrated to us, Sa'id ibn 'Amir narrated to us, Salam ibn Abi Muti' narrated:
Ayyub was sitting in the Sacred Mosque when he saw Abu Hanifa approaching him. When Ayyub saw him coming near, he said to his companions: "Get up, so he does not infect us with his scabies. Get up!" So they got up and dispersed.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 397]
٢٤٠ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ، ثنا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مِهْرَانَ الرَّازِيُّ، ثنا جَرِيرٌ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَابِرٍ، قَالَ: «سَمِعْتُ حَمَّادَ بْنَ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ، يَشْتِمُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٨٤]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu al-Fadl al-Khurasani narrated to me, from Ali ibn Mihran al-Razi, from Jarir, from Muhammad ibn Jabir, who said: "I heard Hammād ibn Abi Sulayman insulting Abu Hanifa."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 184]
Though Muhammad ibn Jabir is not considered thiqah in narrating, this narration is accepted due to corroborating narrations.
«حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْمَدِينِيِّ قال: قال لي بشر ابن أَبِي الْأَزْهَرِ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ: رَأَيْتُ فِي الْمَنَامِ جِنَازَةً، عَلَيْهَا ثَوْبٌ أَسْوَدُ، وَحَوْلَهَا قِسِّيسُونَ، فَقُلْتُ: جِنَازَةُ مَنْ هَذِهِ؟ فَقَالُوا جِنَازَةُ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ فَحَدَّثْتُ بِهَا أَبَا يُوسُفَ فَقَالَ: لَا تُحَدِّثْ بِهِ أحدا».
[المعرفة والتاريخ - الفسوي - الجزء ٢ - الصفحة ٧٨٤]
Al-Fassawi mentioned:
"Abd al-Rahman narrated to us, saying: I heard 'Ali ibn al-Madini say:
Bishr ibn Abi al-Azhar al-Naysaburi said to me: 'I saw in a dream a funeral, with a black cloth on it, surrounded by priests. I said: Whose funeral is this? They said: It is the funeral of Abu Hanifa.
I told this to Abu Yusuf, and he said: Do not tell anyone about it.'"
[Al-Ma'rifah wal-Tarikh - Al-Fassawi - Volume 2 - Page 784]
We do not know what such a dream would mean, but the narration is authentic.
«حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ خَلَّادٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ حَمَّادَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَيُّوبَ يَقُولُ: وَذَكَرَ أبا حنيفة- فقال: يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يُطْفِؤُا نُورَ اللَّهِ بِأَفْواهِهِمْ وَيَأْبَى اللَّهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يُتِمَّ نُورَهُ ٩: ٣٢».
[المعرفة والتاريخ - الفسوي - الجزء ٢ - الصفحة ٧٨٥]
Al-Fassawi mentioned:
Abu Bakr ibn Khallaad narrated to us, he said: I heard 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Mahdi say: I heard Hammad ibn Zayd say:
Ayyub said, mentioning Abu Hanifa: 'They want to extinguish the light of Allah with their mouths, but Allah refuses except to complete His light.' (9:32)."
[Al-Ma'rifah wal-Tarikh - Al-Fassawi - Volume 2 - Page 785]
«حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ ثنا بعض أصحابنا عن عمار بن رزيق قَالَ: إِذَا سُئِلْتَ عَنْ شَيْءٍ فَلَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَكَ شَيْءٌ، فَانْظُرْ مَا قَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ فَخَالِفْهُ، فَإِنَّكَ تُصِيبُ».
[المعرفة والتاريخ - الفسوي - الجزء ٢ - الصفحة ٧٨٥]
Al-Fassawi mentioned:
Ibn Numayr narrated to us, he said: Some of our companions narrated from 'Ammar ibn Raziq, who said: 'If you are asked about something and you have no knowledge of it, then look at what Abu Hanifa said and oppose him, for you will attain the right answer.'
[Al-Ma'rifah wal-Tarikh - Al-Fassawi - Volume 2 - Page 785]
سمعت أبا داود يقول: كان أحمد بن صالح شديد البغض للشافعي. لم يكن يسميه، يقول: قال الشريف.
وقال أحمد بن صالح: من ابتلي بالرأي فعليه بكتب أبي حنيفة. وذكر أحمد بن صالح الموطاء فقال: وهل جاء بلاؤهم إلا من الموطأ.
[سؤالات الآجري لأبي داود - سليمان بن الأشعث - ج ٢ - الصفحة ١٧٦]
Al-Ajurri said: I heard Abu Dawood say: "Ahmad bin Saleh had a strong hatred towards Al-Shafi'i. He would not name him; he would say: 'Al-Sharif said.'"
Ahmad bin Saleh also said: "Whoever is afflicted by opinion should turn to the books of Abu Hanifa."
And Ahmad bin Saleh mentioned Al-Muwatta and said: "Did tribulation not come but from the Muwatta?"
[Sualaat al-Ajurri - Abu Dawud - Volume 2 - Page 176]
قال أبو داود: سمعت أحمد بن يونس قال: مات الأعمش وأنا ابن أربع عشرة سنة. ورأيت أبا حنيفة رجلا قبيح الوجه. ورأيت ابن أبي ليلى يقضي خارجا من المسجد في الحذائين كراهية الحيض أن يدخلن المسجد. ورأيت مسعرا وبين عينيه سجادة.
[سؤلات الآجري لأبي داود - سليمان بن الأشعث - ج ١ - الصفحة ١٩٢، ١٩٣]
Abu Dawud said: I heard Ahmad bin Yunus say: "Al-A'mash died when I was fourteen years old. I saw Abu Hanifa as a man with an unpleasant face. I saw Ibn Abi Layla judging outside the mosque while wearing sandals, out of dislike for women in their menstruation to enter the mosque. I saw Mis'ar, and between his eyes was a mark from prostration."
[Sualaat al-Ajurri - Abu Dawud - Volume 2 - Page 192-193]
Abu Hanifa was at his later stage in life at that time. It was also narrated from Hammad ibn Abi Hanifa that he said his father had a pleasant face, and wore nice clothes.
وحدثنا منصور بن أبي مزاحم قال سمعت شريكا يقول لان يكون في كل ربع من أرباع الكوفة خمار خير من أن يكون فيهم من يقول يقول أبي حنيفة
[العلل - أحمد بن حنبل - ج ٣ - الصفحة ١٦٤]
'Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Manṣūr ibn Abī Mazāḥim narrated to us, saying: I heard Sharīk say: "It would be better if there were a Khamr seller in every quarter of Kufa than to have someone in them who says 'Abu Hanifa says.'"
[Al-'Ilal - Imam Ahmad - Volume 3 - Page 164]
حَدَّثَنَا زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ يَحْيَى الْحُلْوَانِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ بَشَّارٍ الْعَبْدَ بْنَ بُنْدَارٍ يَقُولُ: مَا كَانَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ يَذْكُرُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ إِلَّا قَالَ: بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْحَقِّ حِجَابٌ.
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
Zakiriyya ibn Yahya al-Hulwani narrated to us, saying: I heard Muhammad ibn Bashar al-Abd ibn Bundar say: "Abdul-Rahman ibn Mahdi would never mention Abu Hanifa without saying: 'Between him and the truth is a veil.'"
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
حَدَّثَنَا زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى قَالَ: مَا سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ شَيْئًا قَطُّ.
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
Zakiriyya ibn Yahya narrated to us, saying: Muhammad ibn al-Muthanna narrated to us, saying: "I never heard 'Abdul-Rahman narrating anything from Abu Hanifa."
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ شَرِيكًا، يَقُولُ: إِنَّمَا كَانَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ صَاحِبَ خُصُومَاتٍ , لَمْ يَكُنْ يُعْرَفُ إِلَّا بِالْخُصُومَاتِ , وَسَمِعْتُ أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنَ عَيَّاشٍ يَقُولُ: كَانَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ صَاحِبَ خُصُومَاتٍ , لَمْ يَكُنْ يُعْرَفُ إِلَّا بِالْخُصُومَاتِ.
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Isma'il narrated to us, saying: Hasan ibn 'Ali narrated to us, saying: Yahya said: I heard Sharik say: "Abu Hanifa was only known for his disputes; he was not known except for his disputes."
And I heard Abu Bakr ibn 'Ayash say: "Abu Hanifa was a man of disputes; he was not known except for his disputes."
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
It could be that this narration is about the early stage of Abu Hanifa, where he was someone who debated with others. Then after that stage, he began to study Fiqh.
If this narration is about after he studied Fiqh, then Sharik and Ibn 'Ayyash are of the opinion that he was more busy with disputes than with Fiqh.
٣٤٥ - حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَتَّابٍ الْأَعْيَنَ، ثنا مَنْصُورُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ الْخُزَاعِيُّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ حَمَّادَ بْنَ سَلَمَةَ، «يَلْعَنُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ»، قَالَ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ: وَكَانَ شُعْبَةُ " يَلْعَنُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١١]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Abi Attab al-A'yani narrated to me, from Mansur ibn Salama al-Khuza'i, who said: I heard Hammad ibn Salamah curse Abu Hanifah.
Abu Salama (Mansur ibn Salamah al-Khuza'i) said: And Shu'bah also cursed Abu Hanifah.
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 211]
This narration is authentic, as Mansur ibn Salamah al-Khuza'i did hear from Shu'bah.
It can be said that Shu'bah first praised Abu Hanifa, but after Abu Hanifa started speaking about Irja, Shu'bah cursed him.
وَقَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْأَعْيَنُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مَنْصُورُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ الْخُزَاعِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ حَمَّادَ بْنَ سَلَمَةَ , وَسَمِعْتُ شُعْبَةَ يَلْعَنُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ.
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
'Abdullah ibn Ahmad narrated to us, saying: Abu Bakr al-A‘yani narrated to us, saying: Mansur ibn Salamah Abu Salamah al-Khuza‘i narrated to us, saying: I heard both Hammad ibn Salama and Shu'ba curse Abu Hanifa.
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
This narration makes it clearer that Mansur ibn Salamah al-Khuza'i did in fact hear from Shu'bah.
أخبرنا العتيقي، حدثنا يوسف بن أحمد، حدثنا العقيلي، حدثني عبد الله ابن الليث المروزي، حدثنا محمد بن يونس الجمال سمعت يحيى بن سعيد يقول: سمعت شعبة يقول: كف من تراب خير من أبي حنيفة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٩]
Al-‘Ateeqi told us, Yusuf ibn Ahmad told us, Al-'Uqayli told me, Abdullah ibn Al-Layth Al-Marwazi told us, Muhammad ibn Yunus Al-Jammal said: I heard Yahya ibn Sa'id say: I heard Shu'bah say: "A handful of dust is better than Abu Hanifa."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 419]
حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ اللَّيْثِ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ الْجَمَّالُ ⦗٢٨٢⦘ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ شُعْبَةَ، يَقُولُ: كَفٌّ مِنْ تُرَابٍ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ.
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
Abdullah ibn al-Layth al-Marwazi narrated to me, saying: Muhammad ibn Yunus al-Jammal narrated to us, saying: I heard Yahya ibn Sa‘id say: I heard Shu‘ba say: "A handful of dust is better than Abu Hanifa."
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
Though Muhammad ibn Yunus al-Jammal stole hadith, this narration can be accepted due to the narration about Shu'bah cursing Abu Hanifa.
حَدَّثَنَا حَاتِمُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ، يَقُولُ: مَا وُلِدَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ مَوْلُودٌ أَضَرُّ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ مِنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ.
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
Hatim ibn Mansur narrated to us, saying: Al-Humaydi narrated to us, saying: I heard Sufyan (ibn 'Uyaynah) say: "No one has been born in Islam who is more harmful to Islam than Abu Hanifa."
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ الْفَرَجِ , قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ خَلَّادٍ , قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ مَهْدِيٍّ , يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ حَمَّادَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَيُّوبَ , وَذُكِرَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ , فَقَالَ أَيُّوبُ: {يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يُطْفِئُوا نُورَ اللَّهِ بِأَفْوَاهِهِمْ , وَيَأْبَى اللَّهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يُتِمَّ نُورَهُ , وَلَوْ كَرِهَ الْكَافِرُونَ}.
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
‘Abd al-‘Aziz ibn Ahmad ibn al-Faraj narrated to us, saying: Abu Bakr ibn Khallad narrated to us, saying: I heard ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Mahdi say:
Hammad ibn Zayd said: I heard Ayyub, and Abu Hanifa was mentioned. Ayyub said: "They want to extinguish the light of Allah with their mouths, but Allah refuses except to perfect His light, even if the disbelievers dislike it."
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السَّامِيُّ، وَحَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الطَّالْقَانِيُّ ⦗٢٨١⦘، قَالَ , حَدَّثَنَا مُؤَمَّلٌ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَوْنٍ يَقُولُ: مَا وُلِدَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ مَوْلُودٌ أَشْأَمَ مِنْ أَبَى حَنِيفَةَ , وَكَيْفَ تَأْخُذُونَ دِينَكُمْ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَدْ خُذِلَ فِي عَظْمِ دِينِهِ.
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman al-Sami narrated to us, and Sa‘id ibn Ya‘qub al-Talqani also narrated to us, saying: Muammal narrated to us from ‘Umar ibn Ishaq, who said: I heard Ibn ‘Awn say: "No one more unfortunate has been born in Islam than Abu Hanifa. How can you take your religion from a man who has been forsaken in the core of his religion?"
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْأَنْطَاكِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ سَلَمَةُ بْنُ حَكِيمٍ , لَمَّا مَاتَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ , إِنْ كَانَ لَيَنْقُضُ الْإِسْلَامَ عُرْوَةً عُرْوَةً.
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Antaki narrated to us, saying: Muhammad ibn Kathir narrated to us from al-Awza‘i, who said:
Salamah ibn Hakim said: When Abu Hanifa died, he said: "Praise be to Allah, for he used to dismantle Islam, one principle at a time."
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
حدثنا منصور بن أبي مزاحم قال سمعت شريكا يقول لان يكون في كل ربع من أرباع الكوفة خمار خير من أن يكون فيه من يقول برأي أبي حنيفة
[العلل - أحمد بن حنبل - ج ٢ - الصفحة ٥٤٧]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Mansur ibn Abi Mazahim narrated to us, saying: I heard Sharik say: "It would be better to have a tavern (a bar) in every quarter of Kufa than to have someone in it who follows the opinion of Abu Hanifa."
[Al-'Ilal - Imam Ahmad - Volume 2 - Page 547]
حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ثنا سَعِيدُ بن عامر عن سلام بن أبي مطيع قَالَ: كُنْتُ مَعَ أَيُّوبَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ، قَالَ: فَرَآهُ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ فَأَقْبَلَ نَحْوَهُ، قَالَ: فَلَمَّا رَآهُ قَدْ أَقْبَلَ نَحْوَهُ قَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: قُومُوا لَا يُعْدِنَا بِالْجَرْبَةِ، قُومُوا لَا يُعْدِنَا بِالْجَرْبَةِ.
[المعرفة والتاريخ - الفسوي - المجلد ٢ - الصفحة ٧٩١]
Al-Fassawi mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Abdullah narrated to us, saying: Sa'id ibn Amir narrated from Salam ibn Abi Muti’ who said:
I was with Ayyub in the Masjid al-Haram, and when Abu Hanifa saw him, he approached him. When he saw him coming towards him, he said to his companions: 'Stand up, do not be afflicted by the scabies, stand up, do not be afflicted by the scabies.'"
[Al-Ma'rifah wal-Tarikh - Al-Fassawi - Volume 2 - Page 791]
«حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ يَقُولُ: بَيْنَ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَبَيْنَ الْحَقِّ حِجَابٌ».
[المعرفة والتاريخ - الفسوي - الجزء ٢ - الصفحة ٧٨٤]
Al-Fassawi mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Bashar narrated to us, saying: I heard 'Abdul-Rahman (ibn Mahdi) say: 'Between Abu Hanifa and the truth, there is a barrier.'
[Al-Ma'rifah wal-Tarikh - Al-Fassawi - Volume 2 - Page 784]
«حَدَّثَنَا سليمان بن حرب حدثنا حماد بن زيد قَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ عَوْنٍ:
نُبِّئْتُ أَنَّ فِيكُمْ صدادين يصدون عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ. قَالَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ:
وَأَبُو حَنِيفَةَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ مِمَّنْ يَصُدُّونَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ».
[المعرفة والتاريخ - الفسوي - الجزء ٢ - الصفحة ٧٨٦]
Al-Fassawi mentioned:
Sulaiman bin Harb narrated to us, from Hamad bin Zayd said: Ibn 'Awn said: "I was informed that among you are blockers who turn others away from the path of Allah."
Sulaiman bin Harb added: "And Abu Hanifa and his companions are among those who turn others away from the path of Allah."
[Al-Ma'rifah wal-Tarikh - Al-Fassawi - Volume 2 - Page 786]
«حدثني الْفَضْلُ بْنُ سَهْلٍ [١] حَدَّثَنَا الْأَسْوَدُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ عَنْ شَرِيكٍ:
إِنَّمَا كَانَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ جَرِبًا».
[المعرفة والتاريخ - الفسوي - الجزء ٢ - الصفحة ٧٨٩]
Al-Fassawi mentioned:
Fadl ibn Sahl narrated to me, from Al-Aswad ibn 'Amir, Sharik said: 'Indeed, Abu Hanifa was scabies.'
[Al-Ma'rifah wal-Tarikh - Al-Fassawi - Volume 2 - Page 789]
حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا نُعَيْمٍ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ شَرِيكًا يَقُولُ: لئن يكون في قبيلة خمارا خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِيهَا رَجُلٌ يَقُولُ بقول أبي حنيفة.
[المعرفة والتاريخ - الفسوي - الجزء ٢ - الصفحة ٧٨٩]
Al-Fassawi mentioned:
Ahmad ibn 'Uthman ibn Hakim told us: I heard Abu Nu'aym say: I heard Sharik say: 'For a person to be in a tribe with brewers (of wine) is better than for there to be in it a man who speaks with the opinion of Abu Hanifah.'"
[Al-Ma'rifah wal-Tarikh - Al-Fassawi - Volume 2 - Page 789]
حدثنا أحمد بن عبد الله حدثنا مسلمة بن القاسم حدثنا أحمد بن عيسى حدثنا محمد بن أحمد بن فيروز حدثنا علي بن خشرم قال سمعت الفضل بن موسى يقول دخلت مع أبي حنيفة على الأعمش نعوده فقال أبو حنيفة يا أبا محمد لولا التثقيل عليك الزدت في عيادتك أو قال لعدتك أكثر مما أعودك فقال له الأعمش والله إنك علي لثقيل وأنت في بيتك فكيف إذا دخلت علي قال الفضل فما خرجنا من عنده قال أبو حنيفة أن الأعمش لم يصم رمضان قط ولم يغتسل من جنابة فقلت للفضل ما يعني بذلك قال كان الأعمش يرى الماء من الماء ويتسحر على حديث حذيفة
[جامع بيان العلم وفضله - ابن عبد البر - ج ٢ - الصفحة ١٥٧]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
Ahmed ibn Abdullah narrated to us, saying: Maslama ibn al-Qasim narrated to us, saying: Ahmed ibn Isa narrated to us, saying: Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Firuz narrated to us, saying: Ali ibn Khushram narrated to us, saying: I heard al-Fadl ibn Musa say:
"I entered with Abu Hanifa to visit al-A'mash while he was ill. Abu Hanifa said, 'O Abu Muhammad, if it were not for burdening you, I would have increased my visits to you,' or he said, 'I would visit you more often than I do.' Al-A'mash replied, 'By Allah, you are a burden on me even when you are in your own house, so how could it be if you came to me?'"
Al-Fadl continued: "When we left his place, Abu Hanifa said, 'Al-A'mash has never fasted Ramadan, nor has he ever performed ghusl (ritual purification) after major impurity.' I asked al-Fadl, 'What does he mean by that?' He replied, 'Al-A'mash used to believe in the principle of water from water and would eat the pre-dawn meal (for fasting) based on the narration of Hudhayfah.'"
[Jaami' al-Bayaan wa Fadlihi - Volume 2 - Page 157]
This highly likely was due to Abu Hanifa's Irja. Al-A'mash viewed the Murjiah to be very dangerous.
ثنا عبد الله بن محمد بن عبد العزيز حدثني منصور بن أبي مزاحم سمعت شريكا يقول لأن يكون في كل ربع من أرباع الكوفة خمار يبيع الخمر خير من أن يكون فيها من يقول بقول أبو حنيفة
[الكامل - عبد الله بن عدي - ج ٧ - الصفحة ٧]
‘Abdullah bin Muhammad bin ‘Abd al-‘Aziz narrated to us, he said: Mansur bin Abi Muzahim narrated to me, I heard Sharik say: "For there to be in each quarter of Kufah a Khamr seller selling Khamr is better than for there to be someone in it who follows the opinion of Abu Hanifa."
[Al-Kaamil - Ibn 'Adiy - Volume 7 - Page 7]
ثنا أحمد بن عبد الله بن صالح بن شيخ بن عميرة وثنا إسحاق بن بهلول قال لي محمد بن عيسى بن الطباع سمعت شريك بن عبد الله يقول وهل تلتقي الشفتان بذكر أبي حنيفة والله إن كنا لنتهمه سنة على رأيه فكيف في آثاره
[الكامل - عبد الله بن عدي - ج ٤ - الصفحة ٩]
Ibn 'Adiy mentioned:
Ahmad ibn Abdullah ibn Saleh ibn Sheikh ibn Umaira narrated to us, and Ishaq ibn Bahlul narrated to us. Muhammad ibn Isa ibn al-Tabba' said:
Sharik ibn Abdullah said: "Can the lips meet while mentioning Abu Hanifa? By Allah, we used to doubt him for a year regarding his opinion, so how can we trust his narrations?"
[Al-Kaamil - Ibn 'Adiy - Volume 4 - Page 9]
ثنا ابن أبي بكر عن عباس عن يحيى قال كان القاسم بن معن رجلا نبيلا وكان قاضي الكوفة وهو القاسم بن معن بن عبد الرحمن بن عبد الله بن مسعود وقال له شريك يوما مثلك يجلس إلى أبي حنيفة يتعلم منه فقال له القاسم يا أبا عبد الله هذا ميدان من جاراك فيه سبقته يعني أن لك لسانا
[الكامل - عبد الله بن عدي - ج ٤ - الصفحة ٩]
Ibn 'Adiy mentioned:
Ibn Abi Bakr narrated to us from 'Abbas, who narrated from Yahya, who said: "Al-Qasim ibn Ma'n was a noble man and the judge of Kufa. He was Al-Qasim ibn Ma'n ibn Abdul Rahman ibn Abdullah ibn Mas'ud (great-grandson of Ibn Mas'ud).
One day, Sharik said to him: 'A man like you sits with Abu Hanifa to learn from him?' To which Qasim replied, 'O Abu Abdullah, this is a field, and whoever competes with you will be surpassed, meaning you have a powerful tongue (ability to speak well).'"
[Al-Kaamil - Ibn 'Adiy - Volume 4 - Page 9]
سمعت يحيى يقول كان القاسم بن معين رجلا نبيلا وكان قاضي الكوفة وهو القاسم بن معن بن عبد الله بن مسعود قال له شريك بن عبد الله يوما مثلك يجلس إلى أبي حنيفة يتعلم منه فقال له القاسم يا أبا عبد الله هذا ميدان من جاراك فيه سبقته يعنى إن لك لسانا
[تاريخ ابن معين ، الدوري - يحيى بن معين - ج ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٣]
Al-Duri narrated that he heard Yahya ibn Ma'een say:
"Al-Qaasim ibn Ma'n was a noble man and the judge of Kufa. He was Al-Qaasim ibn Ma'n ibn 'Abdul-Rahman ibn 'Abdullah ibn Mas'ud (great-grandson of Ibn Mas'ud). One day, Sharik ibn 'Abdullah said to him: 'A man like you sits with Abu Hanifa to learn from him?' To which Qasim replied, 'O Abu Abdullah, this is a field, and whoever competes with you will be surpassed, meaning you have a powerful tongue (ability to speak well).'"
[Tarikh Ibn Ma'een - Volume 1 - Page 223]
أخبرني عبد الباقي بن عبد الكريم بن عمر المؤدب، أخبرنا عبد الرحمن بن عمر الخلال، حدثنا محمد بن أحمد بن يعقوب، حدثنا جدي قال: حدثني أحمد بن سهل قال: سمعت يحيى بن أيوب قال: سمعت يزيد بن هارون ذكر أبا حنيفة فقال: أبو حنيفة رجل من الناس، خطؤه كخطأ الناس وصوابه كصواب الناس.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٦٦]
Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rizq narrated to us, Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn Ja‘far ibn Muhammad ibn Sallam al-Khatli narrated to us, saying: Abu al-‘Abbas Ahmad ibn ‘Ali ibn Muslim al-Abbar dictated to us—in the month of Jumada al-Akhirah of the year 288 AH—saying:
Among those who refuted Abu Hanifa were:
Ayyub al-Sakhtiyani, Jarir ibn Hazim, Hammam ibn Yahya, Hammad ibn Salamah, Hammad ibn Zayd, Abu ‘Awanah, ‘Abd al-Warith, Suwar al-‘Anbari the judge, Yazid ibn Zuray‘, ‘Ali ibn ‘Asim, Malik ibn Anas, Ja‘far ibn Muhammad, ‘Umar ibn Qays, Abu ‘Abd al-Rahman al-Muqri’, Sa‘id ibn ‘Abd al-‘Aziz, al-Awza‘i, ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Mubarak, Abu Ishaq al-Fazari, Yusuf ibn Asbat, Muhammad ibn Jabir, Sufyan al-Thawri, Sufyan ibn ‘Uyaynah, Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman, Ibn Abi Layla, Hafs ibn Ghiyath, Abu Bakr ibn ‘Ayyash, Sharik ibn ‘Abd Allah, Waki‘ ibn al-Jarrah, Raqabah ibn Masqalah, al-Fadl ibn Musa, ‘Isa ibn Yunus, al-Hajjaj ibn Arta’ah, Malik ibn Mighwal, al-Qasim ibn Habib, and Ibn Shabramah.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 366]
Most of these scholars of known to be from Ahl al-Hadith, and they were strict against anyone who expressed a different opinion to what they regarded as authentic from the narrations.
Abu Hanifa was known to interpret narrations according to his understanding, seeming to contradict the narration, or reject it. And he would also regard many authentic narrations to be inauthentic, which made many say that he goes against the Sunnah.
And besides that, Abu Hanifa held the opinion of the Murjiah. He believes Iman does not increase nor decrease, and that actions are not an integral part of Iman.
٣٤٠ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُؤَمَّلُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ حَمَّادَ بْنَ سَلَمَةَ، وَذَكَرَ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ اسْتَقْبَلَ الْآثَارَ وَالسُّنَنَ بِرَدِّهَا بِرَأْيهِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١٠]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
My father, may Allah have mercy on him, narrated to us that Mu'ammal ibn Isma'il said: "I heard Hammad ibn Salamah mention Abu Hanifa and say: 'Indeed, Abu Hanifa rejected the narrations and traditions, opposing them with his own opinion.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 210]
٣٤١ - حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ أَبِي رِزْمَةَ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يَقُولُ: كُنَّا عِنْدَ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ " فَذَكَرُوا مَسْأَلَةً فَقِيلَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ يَقُولُ بِهَا فَقَالَ: «هَذَا وَاللَّهِ قَوْلُ ذَاكَ الْمَارِقِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١١]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Abdul Aziz ibn Abi Rizma narrated to us, saying: "I heard my father say: We were with Hammad ibn Salama and a matter was mentioned. It was said that Abu Hanifa said something about it, to which he replied: 'By Allah, this is the statement of that deviant.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 211]
٣٤٢ - حَدَّثَنِي هَارُونُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنِي الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، سَمِعْتُ حَمَّادَ بْنَ سَلَمَةَ، إِذَا ذُكِرَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ قَالَ: «ذَاكَ أَبُو جِيفَةَ» قَالَ وَبَلَغَنِي أَن عُثْمَانَ الْبَتِّيُّ، كَانَ يَقُولُ: «ذَاكَ أَبُو جِيفَةَ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١١]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Harun ibn Sufyan narrated to me, from Waleed ibn Salih, who heard from Hammad ibn Salamah, that whenever Abu Hanifah was mentioned, he would say: "That is Abu Jeefah." And it was reported to me that Uthman al-Batti used to say: "That is Abu Jeefah."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 211]
٣٤٣ - حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الدَّوْرَقِيُّ، ثنا الْهَيْثَمُ بْنُ جَمِيلٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ حَمَّادَ بْنَ سَلَمَةَ، يَقُولُ عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ: «هَذَا لَيَكُبَّنَّهُ اللَّهُ فِي النَّارِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١١]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Dawraqi narrated to me, from Haytham ibn Jamil, who said: I heard Hammad ibn Salamah say about Abu Hanifah: "This one, may Allah cast him into the fire."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 211]
٣٤٤ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو مَعْمَرٍ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عِيسَى، قَالَ: سَأَلْتَ حَمَّادَ بْنَ سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، قَالَ: «ذَاكَ أَبُو جِيفَةَ، ذَاكَ أَبُو جِيفَةَ سَدَّ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ بِهِ الْأَرْضَ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١١]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu Ma'mar narrated to me, from Ishaq ibn Isa, who said: I asked Hammad ibn Salamah about Abu Hanifah, and he said: "That is Abu Jifah, that is Abu Jifah. May Allah, the Almighty, seal the earth with him."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 211]
(١٨١) قال أبو داود النحوي سليمان بن معبد ليحيى بن معين: حدثنا مسلم بن إبراهيم، قال: سمعت حماد بن سلمة يقول: أعض الله أبا حنيفة بكذا وكذا، لا يكني، فقال ابن معين: «أساء أساء» .
[ص318 - كتاب سؤالات ابن الجنيد]
Abū Dāwūd al-Naḥwī Sulaymān ibn Maʿbad said to Yaḥyā ibn Maʿīn: Muslim ibn Ibrāhīm narrated to us, saying: I heard Ḥammād ibn Salamah say, "May Allah disfigure Abū Ḥanīfah with this and that," without using a nickname. So Ibn Maʿīn said: "He (Hammad) has wronged, he has wronged."
[Kitab al-Sualaat Ibn Junayd - Page 318]
٣٣٨ - حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، وَشَرِيكٌ، وَحَسَنُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، قَالُوا: «أَدْرَكْنَا أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ وَمَا يُعْرَفُ بِشَيْءٍ مِنَ الْفِقْهِ مَا يُعْرَفُ إِلَّا بِالْخُصُومَاتِ
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١٠]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ahmad ibn Muhammad narrated to us, Yahya ibn Adam narrated to us, Sufyan, Sharik, and Hasan ibn Salih said: "We reached Abu Hanifa and he was not known for any Fiqh except for disputes."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 210]
Abu Hanifa began his journey with debating the disbelievers. This was what he was known for before studying Fiqh.
If this narration is about after that, then this was their view of Abu Hanifa, that he indulged in disputes.
٣٣٥ - حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَتَّابٍ الْأَعْيَنُ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ شَرِيكًا ⦗٢١٠⦘، يَقُولُ: «مَا شَبَّهْتُ أَصْحَابَ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ إِلَّا بِمَنْزِلَةِ الدَّفَّافِينَ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا كَشَفَ اسْتَهُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ مَا بَالَى مَنْ رَآهُ مِنْهُمْ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٠٩]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Abi Attab al-A'yan reported that Abu Nu'aym narrated: from Sharik, who said: "I have not compared the companions of Abu Hanifa to anyone except the drummers. If a man were to uncover his anus in the mosque, no one among them would care if he saw him.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 209]
Meaning, Sharik regarded the companions of Abu Hanifa to be fussaq, and that they wouldn't care if one was acting immorally around them.
٣٢٩ - حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ الدُّورِيُّ الْمُقْرِئُ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عُبَيْدٍ الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ سَلَّامٍ، يَقُولُ: كُنْتُ جَالِسًا وَمَعَنَا أَسْوَدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ فَذَكَرُوا مَسْأَلَةً فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ يَقُولُ فِيهَا كَيْتَ وَكَيْتَ، فَالْتَفَتَ إِلَيَّ فَقَالَ: «تَذْكُرُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ فَلَمْ يُكَلِّمُنِي حَتَّى مَاتَ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٠٨]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Muhammad bin Abu Omar Al-Duri, the reciter, narrated to me, saying: I heard Abu Ubaid Qasim bin Salam say: I was sitting, and with us was Aswad bin Salim. They discussed a matter, and I (Abu Ubaid Qasim bin Salam) said: "Abu Hanifa says this and that regarding it." He (Aswad bin Salim) turned to me and said: "You mention Abu Hanifa in the mosque, and he did not speak to me until he died."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 208]
Abu Ubayd Qasim ibn Sallaam used to follow the opinions of Abu Hanifa, just like Waki' and others.
٣١٥ - حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ، ثنا سَعِيدُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ، عَنْ سَلَّامِ بْنِ أَبِي مُطِيعٍ، قَالَ: " كُنَّا فِي حَلْقَةِ أَيُّوبَ بِمَكَّةَ فَبَصُرَ بِأَبِي حَنِيفَةَ فَقَالَ: قُومُوا بِنَا لَا يُعْدِنَا بِجَرَبِهِ "
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٠٥]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ibrahim said: Sa'id ibn Amir narrated to us from Salam ibn Abi Muti', who said: "We were in the circle of Ayub in Mecca when Abu Hanifa was spotted, and Ayub said: 'Let us get up, for we do not want to be infected by his scabies.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 205]
٣٠٨ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ قَالَ: كَانَ شَرِيكٌ سَيِّئَ الرَّأْي جِدًّا فِي أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَأَصْحَابِهِ وَيَقُولُ: مَذْهَبُهُمْ رَدُّ الْأَثَرِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ "
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٠٤]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu al-Fadl al-Khurasani said: Abu Nu'aym narrated to us, who said: Sharik was very critical of Abu Hanifa and his companions, and he would say: "Their methodology is the rejection of the traditions of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 204]
٣١٠ - حَدَّثَنِي هَارُونُ، حَدَّثَنِي شَاذَانُ، سَمِعْتُ شَرِيكًا، يَقُولُ: «أَصْحَابُ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ جَرَبٌ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٠٤]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Harun said: Shadhan narrated to us, who said: I heard Sharik say: "The followers of Abu Hanifa are scabies."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 204]
٣٠٥ - حَدَّثَنِي مَنْصُورُ بْنُ أَبِي مُزَاحِمٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ شَرِيكًا، يَقُولُ: «لَأَنْ يَكُونَ فِي كُلِّ رَبْعٍ مِنْ أَرْبَاعِ الْكُوفَةِ خَمَّارٌ يَبِيعُ الْخَمْرَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِيهِ مَنْ يَقُولُ بِقَوْلِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٠٣]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Mansur ibn Abi Mazahim said: I heard Sharik say: "It is better for every quarter in Kufa to have a Khamr seller selling Khamr than for there to be someone who follows the opinion of Abu Hanifa."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 203]
٣٠٦ - حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الْبَاهِلِيُّ، ثنا الْأَصْمَعِيُّ، عَنْ شَرِيكٍ، قَالَ: «أَصْحَابُ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ أَشَدُّ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنْ عِدَّتِهِمْ مِنْ لُصُوصِ تَاجِرٍ قَمِيٍّ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٠٣]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Amr al-Bahili said: Al-Asma'i narrated to us from Sharik, who said: "The followers of Abu Hanifa are harsher on the Muslims than an equivalent number of thieves from the merchants of Qom."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 203]
٣٠٢ - حَدَّثَنِي مَنْصُورُ بْنُ مُزَاحِمٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَلِيٍّ الْعُذْرِيَّ، يَقُولُ: قِيلَ لِحَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ مَاتَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ قَالَ: «الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي كَبَسَ بِهِ بَطْنَ الْأَرْضِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٠٢]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Mansoor ibn Muzahim narrated to me, he said: I heard Abu Ali Al-Udhri say: It was said to Hammad ibn Zayd that Abu Hanifa had passed away. He said: "Praise be to Allah, who has buried him in the earth's belly."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 202]
٢٥٩ - حَدَّثَنِي إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الْكَوْسَجُ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ الْفِرْيَابِيُّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيَّ، يَقُولُ: قِيلَ لِسَوَّارٍ لَوْ نَظَرْتَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ كَلَامِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَقَضَايَاهُ فَقَالَ: «كَيْفَ أَقْبَلُ مِنْ رَجُلٍ لَمْ يُؤْتَ الرِّفْقَ فِي دِينِهِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩٠]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ishaq bin Mansur al-Kawsaj narrated to me, who said: Muhammad bin Yusuf al-Firyabi narrated to us, who said: I heard Sufyan al-Thawri say: 'It was said to Sawwar: Why don't you look into some of the words and rulings of Abu Hanifa? He said: 'How can I accept from a man who has not been granted gentleness in his religion?'
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 190]
٢٦٠ - حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ، سَمِعْتُ عُثْمَانَ الْبَتِّيَّ، يَقُولُ ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ: «وَيْلٌ لِأَبِي حَنِيفَةَ هَذَا مَا يُخْطِئُ مَرَّةً فَيُصِيبُ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩١]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ahmad bin Ibrahim narrated to me, who said: Mu'adh bin Mu'adh narrated to us, who said: I heard Uthman al-Batti say one day: 'Woe to Abu Hanifa! He errs once and then he does not succeed.'
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 191]
٢٥٧ - حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ، سَمِعْتُ مُعَرَّفًا، يَقُولُ: دَخَلَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ عَلَى الْأَعْمَشِ يَعُودُهُ فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ لَوْلَا أَنْ يَثْقُلَ، عَلَيْكَ مَجِيئِي لَعُدْتُكَ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ، فَقَالَ الْأَعْمَشُ: مَنْ هَذَا؟ قَالُوا: أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ، فَقَالَ: «يَا ابْنَ النُّعْمَانِ أَنْتَ وَاللَّهِ ثَقِيلٌ فِي مَنْزِلِكَ فَكَيْفَ إِذَا جِئْتَنِي»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩٠]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abda bin Abdul Rahim narrated to me, who said: I heard Mu'arrafa say: Abu Hanifa entered upon al-A'mash to visit him, and he said: 'O Abu Muhammad, if it were not for the fact that it would be difficult for you, I would visit you every day.' Al-A'mash said: 'Who is this?' They replied: 'It is Abu Hanifa.' He then said: 'O son of al-Nu'man, you are heavy in your place, so how would it be when you come to me?'
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 190]
It is likely that al-A'mash made this critique due to Abu Hanifa's Irja. Besides that, he viewed Abu Hanifa to be a Faqih.
٢٥٨ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، حَدَّثَنَا أَسْوَدُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا بَكْرِ بنَ عَيَّاشٍ، ذَكَرَ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ وَأَصْحَابَهُ الَّذِينَ يُخَاصِمُونَ فَقَالَ: كَانَ مُغِيرَةُ يَقُولُ: «وَاللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهُ إِلَّا هُوَ لَأَنَا أَخْوَفُ عَلَى الدِّينِ مِنْهُمْ مِنَ الْفُسَّاقِ»، وَحَلَفَ الْأَعْمَشُ قَالَ: وَاللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهُ إِلَّا هُوَ مَا أَعْرِفُ مَنْ هُوَ شَرٌّ مِنْهُمْ قِيلَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ يَعْنِي الْمُرْجِئَةَ؟ قَالَ: «الْمُرْجِئَةُ وَغَيْرُ الْمُرْجِئَةِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩٠]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
My father narrated to me, who said: Aswad bin Amir narrated to us, who said: I heard Abu Bakr bin Ayash mention Abu Hanifa and his companions who argue, and he said: 'By Allah, the One who there is no god but Him, I fear for the religion from them more than I fear for the sinners.' And al-A'mash swore: 'By Allah, the One who there is no god but Him, I do not know anyone who is worse than them.' It was said to Abu Bakr: 'Do you mean the Murji'ah?' He said: 'The Murji'ah and others besides them.'
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 190]
٢٥٥ - حَدَّثَنِي مَحْمُودُ بْنُ غَيْلَانَ، ثنا مُؤَمَّلٌ، قَالَ: ثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ قَيْسٍ، شَرِيكُ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ صُبَيْحٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَوْنٍ، يَقُولُ: «مَا وُلِدَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ مَوْلُودٌ أَشْأَمَ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ مِنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٨٩]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Mahmood bin Ghailan narrated to me, Mu'ammal narrated to us, who said: Amr bin Qays, the partner of Rabee' bin Subaih, said: I heard Ibn 'Awn say: 'No one was born into Islam who was more harmful for the people of Islam than Abu Hanifa.'
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 189]
٢٥٦ - حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ شَبُّوَيْهِ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِيَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ النَّضْرَ بْنَ شُمَيْلٍ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَوْنٍ، يَقُولُ: «بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ بِالْكُوفَةِ، رَجُلًا يُجِيبُ فِي الْمُعْضِلَاتِ يَعْنِي أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٨٩]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ahmad bin Abdullah bin Shabawayh narrated to me, who said: I heard my father say: I heard al-Nadr bin Shumayl say: I heard Ibn 'Awn say: "It has reached me that in Kufa, there is a man who answers the difficult issues, meaning Abu Hanifa."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 189]
٢٥٣ - حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْمُخَرِّمِيُّ، نا سَعِيدُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سَلَّامَ ⦗١٨٩⦘ بْنَ أَبِي مُطِيعٍ، يَقُولُ: " كُنْتُ مَعَ أَيُّوبَ السَّخْتِيَانِيِّ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ فَرَآهُ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ فَأَقْبَلَ نَحْوَهُ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ أَيُّوبُ قَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: قُومُوا لَا يُعْدِنَا بِجَرَبِهِ، قُومُوا لَا يُعْدِنَا بِجَرَبِهِ "
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٨٨]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Muhammad bin Abdullah al-Mukharrimi narrated to me, Sa'id bin Amir narrated to us, who said: I heard Salam ibn Abi Muti' say: 'I was with Ayoub al-Sakhtiyani in the Masjid al-Haram when Abu Hanifa saw him and came toward him. When Ayoub saw him, he said to his companions: "Stand up, do not let him come close to us with his scabies, stand up, do not let him come close to us with his scabies."'
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 188]
٢٥٤ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو مَعْمَرٍ الْهُذَلِيُّ، قَالَ: حُدِّثْتُ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَيُّوبَ، يَقُولُ: «لَقَدْ تَرَكَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ هَذَا الدِّينَ وَهُوَ أَرَقُّ مِنْ ثَوْبٍ سَابِرِيٍّ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٨٩]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu Ma'mar al-Hudhali narrated to me, who said: I was informed by Hammad bin Zayd, who said: I heard Ayoub say: 'Abu Hanifa abandoned this religion, and he is more fragile than a Sabari cloth.'
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 189]
٣٧٥ - حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، نا يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ، قَالَ: ذَكَرَ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ فَقَالَ: وَدِدْتُ أَنَّهُ وُفِّقَ فَأَخْبَرْتُ شَرِيكًا، فَقَالَ: «لِمَ قَالَ وَدِدْتُ أَنَّهُ وُفِّقَ لَا يَتَعَلَّمُ مِمَّا يُحْسِنُونَ شَيْئًا»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٠]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abdul Rahman ibn Salih narrated to us, from Yahya ibn Adam, who said: Hasan ibn Salih mentioned Abu Hanifa and said: "I wish that he had been successful." I informed Sharik, and he said: "Why did he say 'I wish that he had been successful'? He does not learn anything from what they (other scholars) excel in."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 220]
٣٦١ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ، نا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ بْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ، يَقُولُ: «مَا وُلِدَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ مَوْلُودٌ أَضَرُّ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ مِنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١٧]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu al-Fadl al-Khurasani narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Abi Umar said: "I heard Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah say: 'No one born in Islam has been more harmful to Islam than Abu Hanifa.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 217]
٣٨٥ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ، نا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ الْفَرَجِ الْخَيَّاطُ، نا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي سُوَيْدٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ حَمَّادَ بْنَ سَلَمَةَ، يَقُولُ: «أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ هَذَا وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنْ يُدْخِلَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ نَارَ جَهَنَّمَ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٢]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu al-Fadl narrated from al-Husayn ibn al-Faraj, from Ibrahim ibn Abi Suwayd, who heard Hammad ibn Salamah say: "By Allah, I hope Abu Hanifa is admitted into Hell."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 222]
٣٩٧ - حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، نا أَبُو صَالِحٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ يُوسُفَ بْنَ أَسْبَاطٍ، يَقُولُ: " لَمْ يُولَدْ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ عَلَى الْفِطْرَةِ قَالَ: وَسَمِعْتُ يُوسُفَ، يَقُولُ: رَدَّ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ أَرْبَعَمِائَةِ أَثَرٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ "
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٥]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Harun narrated to me, saying: "Abu Salih told us, and I heard Yusuf ibn Asbat say: 'Abu Hanifa was not born upon the fitrah.'
He (Abu Salih) then said: 'And I heard Yusuf say: Abu Hanifa rejected four hundred narrations from the Prophet, peace be upon him.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 225]
This narration cannot be regarded to be weak, regardless of Yusuf ibn Asbat's weakness as a narrator. He does not narrate anything, rather it is his statement. Then the narration is taken, but the content must still be examined whether Yusuf ibn Asbat is correct in his saying.
It seems that his saying about Abu Hanifa going against the narrations is said by many others, thus it can be taken into account. However, his saying regarding not being born upon fitrah, this is not be taken.
Every human being is born upon the fitrah. Yusuf ibn Asbat seems to either suggest that Abu Hanifa is an exception due to the things he has done, or that this is some type of insult.
٣٨٨ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ، نا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْجَهْمِ، وَكَانَ، ثِقَةً، قَالَ: «رَأَيْتُ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيَّ وَأَبَا حَنِيفَةَ فَرَأَيْتُ سُفْيَانَ أَعْلَمَ بِمَا كَانَ وَأَبُو حَنِيفَةَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا لَمْ يَكُنْ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٣]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu al-Fadl al-Khurasani narrated to me, from Yahya ibn Ayyub, from Abu al-Jahm, who was trustworthy, who said: "I saw Sufyan al-Thawri and Abu Hanifa. I found Sufyan more knowledgeable about what was, and Abu Hanifa more knowledgeable about what was not."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 223]
Abu al-Jahm expresses his opinion on Sufyan al-Thawri being better than Abu Hanifa.
Abu Hanifa answered scenarios that did not occur yet, and he pondered greatly on that. Abu al-Jahm seems to suggest that Abu Hanifa was knowledgable about that, but not about what already occurred.
أخبرني أبو عبد الله محمد بن عبد الواحد، أخبرنا محمد بن العباس، حدثنا أحمد بن نصر الحافظ، حدثنا إبراهيم بن عبد الرحيم، حدثنا أبو معمر قال: قال أبو بكر بن عياش: يقولون إن أبا حنيفة ضرب على القضاء، إنما ضرب على أن يكون عريفا على طرز حاكة الخزازين.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٠]
Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahid informed me, Muhammad ibn al-Abbas narrated to us, Ahmad ibn Nasr al-Hafidh told us, Ibrahim ibn Abdul Rahim narrated to us, and Abu Ma'mar said: Abu Bakr ibn 'Ayash said: "They say that Abu Hanifah was beaten for refusing the judiciary, but in reality, he was beaten for refusing to be a supervisor over the silk weavers' guild."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 410]
أخبرني الحسن بن علي بن عبد الله المقرئ، حدثنا محمد بن بكران البزاز، حدثنا محمد بن مخلد، حدثنا محمد بن حفص - هو الدوري - قال: سمعت أبا عبيد يقول: كنت جالسا مع الأسود بن سالم في مسجد الجامع بالرصافة، فتذاكروا مسألة، فقلت: إن أبا حنيفة يقول: فيها كيت وكيت، فقال لي الأسود: تذكر أبا حنيفة في المسجد؟ فلم يكلمني حتى مات.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٠]
Al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Abdullah al-Muqri informed me, Muhammad ibn Bakran al-Bazzaz narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Makhlad told us, Muhammad ibn Hafs – who is al-Duri – said: I heard Abu 'Ubayd say: I was sitting with Aswad ibn Salim in the Grand Mosque at Al-Rusafa, and they discussed a matter. I said: "Abu Hanifa says such and such about it." Aswad replied: "You mention Abu Hanifa in the mosque?" He did not speak to me until he passed away.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 410]
Abu 'Ubayd al-Qaasim followed the Hanafi Fiqh in many aspects. He accepted Abu Hanifa, among others.
أخبرني محمد بن أحمد بن يعقوب، أخبرنا محمد بن نعيم الضبي قال: سمعت محمد بن حامد البزاز يقول: سمعت الحسن بن منصور يقول: سمعت محمد بن عبد الوهاب يقول: قلت لعلي بن عثام: أبو حنيفة حجة؟ فقال: لا للدين ولا للدنيا.
[تاريخ بغداد - المجلد ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٠-٤١١]
Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Ya'qub informed me, Muhammad ibn Nu'aym al-Dhubi (Al-Haakim) narrated to us, saying: I heard Muhammad ibn Hamid al-Bazzaz say: I heard Al-Hasan ibn Mansur say: I heard Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhab say: I said to 'Ali ibn 'Atham: "Is Abu Hanifa a proof?" He replied: "No, neither for Deen nor for Dunya."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 410-411]
Meaning, he is not to be taken as evidence if one wants to be saved in the Hereafter and in the Dunyah. Following him would cause problems in both worlds, due to his Irja.
We say, but following him in Fiqh would not. We follow Yahya ibn Sa'eed al-Qattan in this, when he said: "Consider this: if we criticize Abu Hanifa for certain things and object to some of his statements, do you expect us to abandon the opinions of his that we find sound and agree upon?"
But as for his Aqeedah in Irja, it is not to be followed, as that is an innovation Abu Hanifa fell into.
أخبرنا أبو حازم عمر بن أحمد بن إبراهيم العبدوي الحافظ - بنيسابور - أخبرنا محمد بن أحمد بن الغطريف العبدي - بجرجان - حدثنا محمد بن علي البلخي، حدثني محمد بن أحمد التميمي - بمصر - حدثنا محمد بن جعفر الأسامي قال: كان أبو حنيفة يتهم شيطان الطاق بالرجعة، وكان شيطان الطاق يتهم أبا حنيفة بالتناسخ، قال: فخرج أبو حنيفة يوما إلى السوق، فاستقبله شيطان الطاق ومعه ثوب يريد بيعه. فقال له أبو حنيفة: أتبيع هذا الثوب إلى رجوع علي؟ فقال: إن أعطيتني كفيلا أن لا تمسخ قردا بعتك، فبهت أبو حنيفة. قال: ولما مات جعفر بن محمد، التقى هو وأبو حنيفة، فقال له أبو حنيفة: أما إمامك فقد مات، فقال له شيطان الطاق: أما إمامك فمن المنظرين إلى يوم الوقت المعلوم.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١١]
Abu Hazim Umar ibn Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Abdawi al-Hafidh – in Nishapur – informed us, Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn al-Ghatrif al-Abdi – in Gurgan – narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Ali al-Balkhi told me, Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Tamimi – in Egypt – narrated to us:
Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Asami said: Abu Hanifa accused Shaytan al-Taq of belief in reincarnation, and Shaytan al-Taq accused Abu Hanifa of belief in transmigration of souls.
One day, Abu Hanifa went out to the market and met Shaytan al-Taq, who was carrying a cloth he wanted to sell. Abu Hanifa asked him: "Will you sell this cloth to me in exchange for your return?" He replied: "If you give me a guarantee that you won’t be turned into a monkey, I will sell it to you." Abu Hanifa was stunned.
When Ja'far ibn Muhammad passed away, he (Abu Hanifa) met Shaytan al-Taq, and Abu Hanifa said to him: "Your Imam has died." Shaytan al-Taq replied: "As for your Imam, he is among those who are granted respite until the appointed time (meaning, Shaytan)."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 411]
أخبرنا أبو نعيم الحافظ، حدثنا أبو محمد عبد الله بن محمد بن جعفر بن حبان، حدثنا سلم بن عصام، حدثنا رسته عن موسى بن المساور قال: سمعت جبر - وهو [محمد بن] عصام بن يزيد الأصبهاني - يقول:
سمعت سفيان الثوري يقول: أبو حنيفة ضال مضل.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١١]
Abu Nu'aym al-Hafidh informed us, Abu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Ja'far ibn Hibban narrated to us, Salim ibn 'Asim told us, and Rustah narrated from Musa ibn al-Misawar, who said: I heard Jabr – and he is [Muhammad ibn] 'Asim ibn Yazid al-Asbahani – say: I heard Sufyan al-Thawri say: "Abu Hanifa is misguided and misguiding (Dall Modill)."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 411]
أخبرنا إبراهيم بن محمد بن سليمان المؤدب الأصبهاني، أخبرنا أبو بكر المقرئ، حدثنا سلامة بن محمود القيسي، حدثنا أيوب بن إسحاق بن سافري، حدثنا رجاء السندي قال: قال عبد الله بن إدريس: أما أبو حنيفة فضال مضل، وأما أبو يوسف ففاسق من الفساق.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١١]
Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Suleiman al-Muaddib al-Asbahani informed us, Abu Bakr al-Muqri narrated to us, Salama ibn Mahmoud al-Qaisi told us, Ayoub ibn Ishaq ibn Safri narrated to us, and Raja al-Sindi said: 'Abdullah ibn Idris said: "As for Abu Hanifa, he is Dall Modill (misguided), and as for Abu Yusuf, he is a Fasiq among the Fussaaq."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 411]
Abdullah ibn Idris held the same opinion as Sufyan al-Thawri about Abu Hanifa being Dall wa Modill.
Abu Yusuf was not considered to be a Fasiq, except by few scholars. Majority viewed him to be alright and honest.
وقال أيوب بن شاذ بن يحيى الواسطي صاحب يزيد بن هارون قال: سمعت يزيد بن هارون يقول: ما رأيت قوما أشبه بالنصارى من أصحاب أبي حنيفة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١١]
(Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Suleiman al-Muaddib al-Asbahani informed us, Abu Bakr al-Muqri narrated to us, Salama ibn Mahmoud al-Qaisi told us, Ayoub ibn Ishaq ibn Safri narrated to us,) Ayyoub ibn Shadh ibn Yahya al-Wasiti, the companion of Yazid ibn Harun, said: I heard Yazid ibn Harun say: "I have not seen a group of people more resembling the Christians than the companions of Abu Hanifa."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 411]
It may mean that Yazid ibn Harun believed the companions of Abu Hanifa to resemble Christians due to their excessive Qiyas.
Or it could mean that they resemble the Christians due to their approach in religion, sinning a lot.
أخبرني الأزهري، حدثنا محمد بن العباس، حدثنا أبو القاسم بن بشار، حدثنا إبراهيم بن راشد الأدمي قال: سمعت أبا ربيعة محمد بن عوف يقول: سمعت حماد بن سلمة يكنى أبا حنيفة أبا جيفة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٨]
Al-Azhari informed me, Muhammad ibn al-Abbas informed us, Abu al-Qasim ibn Bashar informed us, Ibrahim ibn Rashid al-Adami said: I heard Abu Rabi'ah Muhammad ibn 'Awf say: I heard Hammad ibn Salamah nickname Abu Hanifa "Abu Jifah."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 408]
حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبد اللَّهِ بن صالح شيخ بن عميرة، حَدَّثَنا إسحاق بن بهلول، قَال: قَال لي إسحاق بن الطباع قَال لي سفيان بن عُيَينة عالم بالله عالم بالعلم عالم بالله ليس بعالم بالعلم عالم بالعلم ليس بعالم بالله، قالَ: قُلتُ لإسحاق فهمنيه واشرحه لي قال عالم بالله عالم بالعلم حماد بن سلمة عالم بالله ليس بعالم بالعلم مثل أبي الحجاج العابد عالم بالعلم ليس بعالم بالله أبو يوسف وأستاذه وسمعت حماد بن سلمة يقول ما ولد في الإسلام مولود أضر على الإسلام من أبي جيفة يعني أبا حنيفة.
[الكامل في ضعفاء الرجال المؤلف : ابن عدي الجزء : 3 صفحة : 40]
Ibn 'Adiy mentioned:
Ahmad bin Abdullah bin Salih, the sheikh of Ibn Umairah, narrated to us, Ishaq bin Bahlul narrated to us, he said: Ishaq bin Al-Tabbah said to me, Sufyan bin Uyaynah said to me:
"One who is knowledgeable of Allah and knowledgeable of (religious) knowledge. One who is knowledgeable of Allah but not knowledgeable of (religious) knowledge. One who is knowledgeable of (religious) knowledge but not knowledgeable of Allah."
He (Ishaq bin Bahlul) said: I said to Ishaq (bin Al-Tabbah), "Explain it to me and clarify its meaning."
He said:
1: One who is knowledgeable of Allah and knowledgeable of (religious) knowledge is Hammad bin Salamah.
2: One who is knowledgeable of Allah but not knowledgeable of (religious) knowledge is like Abu Al-Hajjaj the worshipper.
3: One who is knowledgeable of (religious) knowledge but not knowledgeable of Allah is Abu Yusuf and his teacher (Abu Hanifa).
And I heard Hammad bin Salamah say: "No one has been born in Islam more harmful to Islam than Abu Jeefah", referring to Abu Hanifah.
[Al-Kaamil - Ibn 'Adiy - Volume 3 - Page 40]
أخبرنا ابن رزق، أخبرنا عثمان بن أحمد، حدثنا حنبل بن إسحاق قال:
سمعت الحميدي يقول: لأبي حنيفة - إذا كناه - أبو جيفة لا يكنى عن ذاك، ويظهره في المسجد الحرام في حلقته والناس حوله.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٨]
Ibn Rizq told us, 'Uthman ibn Ahmad informed us, Hanbal ibn Ishaq narrated to us, saying:
I heard Al-Humaydi say: Abu Hanifa – when he was addressed with a nickname – would not accept the nickname of ‘Abu Jifa’ (father of the corpse), and would openly reject it in the Grand Mosque, in his circle, with people around him.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 408]
Hammad ibn Salamah referred to Abu Hanifa as "Abu Jifah," which translates to "father of the corpse." This nickname was meant to convey a harsh criticism, implying that Abu Hanifa was repulsive for his views, much like a rotting corpse that people would want to avoid.
أخبرنا العتيقي، حدثنا يوسف بن أحمد الصيدلاني، حدثنا محمد بن عمرو العقيلي، حدثني زكريا بن يحيى الحلواني قال: سمعت محمد بن بشار العبدي بندارا يقول: قلما كان عبد الرحمن بن مهدي يذكر أبا حنيفة علي إلا قال: كان بينه وبين الحق حجاب.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٨]
Al-‘Atiqi informed us, Yusuf ibn Ahmad al-Saydilani narrated to us, Muhammad ibn 'Amr al-‘Uqayli told us, Zakariya ibn Yahya al-Halwani said: I heard Muhammad ibn Bashar al-'Abdi Bandara say: "It was rare for Abdul-Rahman ibn Mahdi to mention Abu Hanifa except that he would say: There was a veil between him and the truth."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 408]
أخبرنا البرقاني قال: قرأت على محمد بن محمود المروزي - بها - حدثكم محمد بن علي الحافظ قال: قيل لبندار - وأنا أسمع - أسمعت عبد الرحمن بن مهدي يقول: كان بين أبي حنيفة وبين الحق حجاب؟ فقال: نعم! قد قاله لي.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٨]
Al-Barqani informed us, saying: I read to Muhammad ibn Mahmoud al-Murouzi – in that place – who told us Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hafiz said: It was said to Bandar – while I was listening – "Did you hear Abdul-Rahman ibn Mahdi say that there was a veil between Abu Hanifa and the truth?" He replied: "Yes! He indeed said it to me."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 408]
أخبرنا ابن الفضل، أخبرنا ابن درستويه، حدثنا يعقوب، حدثنا محمد بن بشار قال: سمعت عبد الرحمن يقول: بين أبي حنيفة وبين الحق حجاب.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٨]
Ibn al-Fadl informed us, Ibn Darstawayh told us, Ya'qub narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Bashar said: I heard Abdul-Rahman say: "There was a veil between Abu Hanifa and the truth."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 408]
أخبرنا ابن رزق، أخبرنا ابن سلم، حدثنا الأبار، حدثنا العباس بن صالح قال: سمعت أسود بن سالم يقول: قال أبو بكر بن عياش: سود الله وجه أبي حنيفة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٠]
Ibn Rizq informed us, Ibn Salim told us, Al-Abar narrated to us, and Al-'Abbas ibn Salih said: I heard Aswad ibn Salim say: Abu Bakr ibn 'Ayash said: "May Allah darken the face of Abu Hanifa."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 410]
أخبرنا ابن رزق، أخبرنا ابن سلم، حدثنا الأبار، حدثنا أيوب بن محمد الضبي سم عت يحيى بن السكن البصري قال: سمعت حمادا يقول: ما ولد في الإسلام مولود أضر عليهم من أبي حنيفة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٩]
We were informed by Ibn Rizq, who informed us from Ibn Salam, who informed us from al-Abar, who informed us from Ayyub ibn Muhammad al-Dhabi, who said: I heard Yahya ibn al-Sakan al-Basri say:
I heard Hamad (ibn Salamah) say: No one has been born in Islam who is more harmful to them than Abu Hanifa.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 399]
أخبرنا ابن رزق. أخبرنا عثمان بن أحمد، حدثنا حنبل بن إسحاق.
وأخبرنا أبو نعيم الحافظ، حدثنا محمد بن أحمد بن الحسن الصواف، حدثنا بشر بن موسى قالا: حدثنا الحميدي قال: سمعت سفيان يقول: ما ولد في الإسلام مولود أضر على الإسلام من أبي حنيفة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٩]
Ibn Rizq told us.
'Uthman bin Ahmad told us, Hanbal bin Ishaq narrated to us.
Abu Nu'aym al-Hafidh told us, Muhammad bin Ahmad bin al-Hasan al-Sawaf narrated to us, Bishr bin Musa said: Al-Humaydi told us, and I heard Sufyan (ibn 'Uyaynah) say: 'No one born in Islam has caused more harm to Islam than Abu Hanifa.'
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 399]
أخبرنا الحسن بن أبي بكر، أخبرنا حامد بن محمد الهروي، حدثنا محمد بن عبد الرحمن السامي، حدثنا سعيد بن يعقوب، حدثنا مؤمل بن إسماعيل، حدثنا عمر بن إسحاق قال: سمعت ابن عون يقول: ما ولد في الإسلام مولود أشأم من أبي حنيفة، إن كان لينقض عرى الإسلام عروة عروة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٩]
Al-Hasan bin Abi Bakr told us, Hamid bin Muhammad al-Harawi informed us, Muhammad bin Abdul Rahman al-Sami narrated to us, Said bin Ya'qub narrated to us, Muammal bin Isma'il narrated to us, Umar bin Ishaq said: I heard Ibn 'Awn say: 'No one born in Islam is more harmful than Abu Hanifa; if he were to unravel the strands of Islam, he would do so one by one.'
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 399]
حدثنا محمد بن محمد بن بكير المقرئ، أخبرنا عثمان بن أحمد بن سمعان الرزاز، حدثنا هيثم بن خلف، حدثنا محمود بن غيلان، حدثنا المؤمل، حدثنا عمرو بن قيس - شريك الربيع - قال: سمعت ابن عون يقول: ما ولد في الإسلام مولود أشأم من أبي حنيفة.
[تاريخ بغداد - المجلد ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٩-٤٠٠]
Mohammad bin Mohammad bin Bakir the reciter told us, Osman bin Ahmad bin Sam'an al-Razzaz informed us, Haytham bin Khalaf narrated to us, Mahmoud bin Ghilan narrated to us, al-Muammal narrated to us, Amr bin Qays - Sharik al-Rabee' - said: I heard Ibn 'Awn say: "No one born in Islam is more harmful than Abu Hanifa."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 399-400]
أخبرنا ابن الفضل، أخبرنا ابن درستويه، حدثنا يعقوب، حدثنا سليمان ابن حرب، حدثنا حماد بن زيد قال: قال ابن عون: نبئت أن فيكم صدادين يصدون عن سبيل الله. قال سليمان بن حرب: وأبو حنيفة وأصحابه ممن يصدون عن سبيل الله.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٠]
Ibn al-Fadl told us, Ibn Darstawayh informed us, Ya'qub narrated to us, Suleiman bin Harb narrated to us, Hammad bin Zayd said: Ibn 'Awn said: "I was informed that among you are those who prevent others from the way of Allah."
Suleiman bin Harb said: "Abu Hanifa and his companions are among those who prevent others from the way of Allah."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 400]
أخبرني الأزهري، حدثنا أبو المفضل الشيباني، حدثنا عبد الله بن أحمد الجصاص، حدثنا إسماعيل بن بشر قال: سمعت عبد الرحمن بن مهدي يقول: ما أعلم في الإسلام فتنة بعد فتنة الدجال أعظم من رأي أبي حنيفة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٦]
Al-Azhari informed me, Abu Al-Mufaddal Al-Shaybani informed us, Abdullah bin Ahmad Al-Jassas informed us, Ismail bin Bishr informed us, and I heard 'Abdul-Rahman bin Mahdi say: "I do not know in Islam a fitnah (trial) greater than the fitnah of the Dajjal, except the opinion of Abu Hanifa."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 396]
This narration seems to be authentically narrated from Abdul-Rahman ibn Mahdi, as he was an opponent of Abu Hanifa. Even though there is some weakness in the chain.
أخبرنا ابن الفضل، أخبرنا ابن درستويه، حدثنا يعقوب، حدثنا أحمد بن يونس قال: سمعت نعيما يقول: قال سفيان: ما وضع في الإسلام من الشر ما وضع أبو حنيفة، إلا فلان. لرجل صلب.
[تاريخ بغداد - المجلد ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٦-٣٩٧]
Ibn al-Fadl informed us, Ibn Darastawayh informed us, Ya'qub informed us, and Ahmad ibn Yunus narrated from him: I heard Nu'aym say: Sufyan remarked: The harm that Abu Hanifa has brought into Islam is unparalleled, except except so-and-so. He was a severe man.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 396-397]
حدثنا محمد بن علي بن مخلد الوراق - لفظا - قال في كتابي عن أبي بكر محمد بن عبد الله بن صالح الأسدي الفقيه المالكي قال: سمعت أبا بكر بن أبي داود السجستاني يوما وهو يقول لأصحابه: ما تقولون في مسألة اتفق عليها مالك وأصحابه، والشافعي وأصحابه، والأوزاعي وأصحابه، والحسن بن صالح وأصحابه، وسفيان الثوري وأصحابه، وأحمد بن حنبل وأصحابه؟ فقالوا له: يا أبا بكر لا تكون مسألة أصح من هذه. فقال: هؤلاء كلهم اتفقوا على تضليل أبي حنيفة.
[تاريخ بغداد - المجلد ١٣ - الصفحتان ٣٨٢-٣٨٣]
Muhammad bin Ali bin Makhlad Al-Warraq narrated to us – verbatim – saying: It is written in my book from Abu Bakr Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Salih Al-Asadi, the Maliki jurist, who said: I heard Abu Bakr bin Abi Dawud Al-Sijistani ⓘ one day saying to his companions:
"What do you say about an issue upon which Malik and his companions, Al-Shafi’i and his companions, Al-Awza’ee and his companions, Al-Hasan bin Salih and his companions, Sufyan Al-Thawri and his companions, and Ahmad bin Hanbal and his companions all agreed?"
They replied: "O Abu Bakr, there could not be an issue more correct than this."
He said: "All of these agreed on declaring Abu Hanifa misguided."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 382-383]
All of the mentioned scholars are against Abu Hanifa's view on Iman, as he had Irja. This is what is meant by Abu Bakr ibn Abi Dawud's statement, and he is correct in that.
And if he meant misguided in terms of Fiqh, then this is wrong, as it is known from Imam Shafi'i that he viewed Abu Hanifa's Fiqh to be legitimate, and even praised him by saying "radiyAllahu 'anhu", and by having an approach of acceptance by saying "rahimahullah".
٤٠٥ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ، نا أَبُو الْأَحْوَصِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ، قَالَ: سَأَلَ رَجُلٌ هُشَيْمًا يَوْمًا عَنْ مَسْأَلَةٍ، فَحَدَّثَهُ فِيهَا، بِحَدِيثٍ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ: إِنَّ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ وَمُحَمَّدَ بْنَ ⦗٢٢٨⦘ الْحَسَنِ وَأَصْحَابُهُ يَقُولُونَ بِخِلَافِ هَذَا، فَقَالَ هُشَيْمٌ: «يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ الْعِلْمَ لَا يُؤْخَذُ مِنَ السِّفْلِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٧]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu al-Fadl al-Khurasani narrated to me, saying: "Abu al-Ahwas Muhammad ibn Hayyan narrated from Hushaym that a man once asked him about a matter, and he responded by narrating a hadith. The man then said, 'Abu Hanifa, Muhammad ibn al-Hasan, and their companions hold the opposite view.' Hushaym replied, 'O servant of Allah, knowledge is not taken from those of lower standing (who are not knowledgable about Hadith).'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 227]
٣٨١ - حَدَّثَنِي هَارُونُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنِي أَسْوَدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، قَالَ: كُنْتُ مَعَ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ فِي مَسْجِدِ بَنِي أُسَيْدٍ مِمَّا يَلِي الْقِبْلَةَ فَسَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ عَنْ مَسْأَلَةٍ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ قَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ «سَوَّدَ اللَّهُ وَجْهَ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَوَجْهَ مَنْ يَقُولُ بِهَذَا»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٢]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Harun ibn Sufyan narrated to me, from Aswad ibn Salim, who said:
"I was with Abu Bakr ibn Ayyash in the Mosque of Banu Usayd, near the qiblah. A man asked him about a certain issue, and another man said, 'Abu Hanifa said such and such.'
Abu Bakr ibn Ayyash responded: 'May Allah blacken the face of Abu Hanifa and the face of whoever says this.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 222]
Abu Hanifa rejected the narration 'the two parties have the option (to cancel) as long as they do not seperate'.
It is an authentic narration, but Abu Hanifa did not act upon it, nor did he accept it as a ruling due to the fact this narration was not acted upon in Kufah, or by his teachers, such as Ibrahim al-Nakha'ee and others.
However, many among the Salaf Saliheen accepted this narration and believed that the buyer and the seller completed their transaction if one of them parted or walked away.
Abu Hanifa did not view it like that, he believed that the transaction is completed once there is a mutual agreement only, without the need to walk away.
Abu Hanifa was not alone in this. Imam Malik held the same view. And he was rebuked for it, just like Abu Hanifa was.
أخبرنا أبو القاسم إبراهيم بن محمد بن سليمان المؤدب - بأصبهان - أخبرنا أبو بكر بن المقرئ، حدثنا سلامة بن محمود القيسي - بعسقلان - حدثنا عمران بن موسى الطائي، حدثنا إبراهيم بن بشار الرمادي، حدثنا سفيان بن عيينة قال: ما رأيت أجرأ على الله من أبي حنيفة، كان يضرب الأمثال لحديث رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، فيرده. بلغه أني أروي " إن البيعان بالخيار ما لم يفترقا " فجعل يقول: أرأيت إن كان في سفينة؟ أرأيت إن كانا في السجن؟ أرأيت إن كانا في سفر، كيف يفترقان؟
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٨٩]
Abu al-Qasim Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Suleiman al-Mu'addib in Isfahan told us, Abu Bakr ibn al-Muqri told us, Salama ibn Mahmoud al-Qaisi in Asqalan told us, Imran ibn Musa al-Tai told us, Ibrahim ibn Bishar al-Ramadi told us:
Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah said: "I have never seen anyone more daring towards Allah than Abu Hanifa. He used to give examples to the hadith of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and reject it. He heard that I narrated: 'The two parties have the choice as long as they have not parted.' So he kept saying: 'What if they were on a ship? What if they were in prison? What if they were on a journey? How could they part?'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 389]
This narration is authentic, also narrated by Ibn Abdul-Barr and others.
Imam Malik and Abu Hanifa both rejected acting upon this narration, though they agreed that the isnad is authentic.
Is Imam Malik now going against the Sunnah!? No, he has his strong reason for doing so, as the customs of Medina is what he takes as a form of tradition to be followed. Believing that whatever they follow should be given presedence, as many Sahaba lived there and acted upon narrations.
Imam Malik does not act upon this narration, even though he narrated it himself in his Muwatta, through a chain that is very authentic.
1965 - حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ (ﷺ) قَالَ : « الْمُتَبَايِعَانِ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا بِالْخِيَارِ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقَا, إِلاَّ بَيْعَ الْخِيَارِ.
[الموطأ - باب بيع الخيار - حديث ١٩٦٥]
Yahya narrated to me from Malik, from Nafiʿ, from Abdullah ibn 'Umar, that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "The two parties in a sale transaction each have the right of choice (to cancel the sale) as long as they have not separated, except in a sale where (both agree on) the option to cancel."
[Muwatta - Volume 13 - Page 389]
So the narration means, if the buyer and seller have not agreed upon any cancellation, then if the buyer walks away after having completed the transaction, there would be no cancellation option.
But if the buyer and seller first stipulate that there is a cancellation option and then the transaction gets completed, the buyer can cancel even if he seperates (walks away).
1966 - قَالَ مَالِكٌ : وَلَيْسَ لِهَذَا عِنْدَنَا حَدٌّ مَعْرُوفٌ، وَلاَ أَمْرٌ مَعْمُولٌ بِهِ فِيهِ.
[الموطأ - باب بيع الخيار - حديث ١٩٦٦]
Imam Malik said: “There is no well-known rule for this with us, nor is it something acted upon in our practice.”
[Muwatta - Chapter The Sale with the Option - Hadith 1966]
Imam Malik believes the transaction is binding on mutual agreement only, not on physical seperation. So whether the buyer seperates physically or not, it does not matter, the transaction is binding due to mutual agreement.
The other scholars believe that mutually agreeing is not binding, unless the buyer actually seperates and walks away.
وروي عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قال المتبايعان بالخيار ما لم يتفرقا من وجوه كثيرة من حديث سمرة بن جندب وأبي برزة الأسلمي وعبد الله بن عمرو بن العاص وأبي هريرة وحكيم بن حزام وغيرهم وأجمع العلماء على أن هذا الحديث ثابت عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وأنه من أثبت ما نقل الآحاد العدول (أ) واختلفوا في القول به والعمل بما دل عليه فطائفة استعملته وجعلته أصلا من أصول الدين في البيوع وطائفة ردته فاختلف الذين ردوه في تأويل ما ردوه به وفي الوجوه (ب) التي بها دفعوا (ج) العمل به فأما الذين ردوه فمالك وأبو حنيفة وأصحابهما لا أعلم أحدا رده غير هؤلاء إلا شيء روي عن إبراهيم النخعي فأما مالك رحمه الله (فإنه) (أ) قال في موطئه لما ذكر هذا الحديث وليس لهذا عندنا حد معروف ولا أمر معمول به
[التمهيد - المجلد ١٤ - الصفحتان ٨-٩]
Ibn Abdul-Barr said:
"It has been narrated from the Prophet ﷺ that he said: “The two parties involved in a sale have the option (to cancel the deal) as long as they have not separated.”
This was transmitted through many chains from Samurah ibn Jundub, Abu Barzah al-Aslami, Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-As, Abu Hurayrah, Hakim ibn Hizam, and others.
The scholars have unanimously agreed that this hadith is authentically reported from the Prophet ﷺ and that it is among the most reliably transmitted reports from trustworthy individual narrators.
However, they differed regarding its interpretation and application.
One group implemented it and made it a foundational principle in the rulings of sales.
Another group rejected it, and those who rejected it differed in how they interpreted and explained their rejection, as well as in the ways by which they dismissed acting upon it.
As for those who rejected it: they include Malik, Abu Hanifah, and their companions. I do not know of anyone else who rejected it except for a narration from Ibrahim al-Nakha’i.
As for Malik rahimahullah, he said in his Muwatta’ after mentioning this hadith: “There is no well-known rule for this with us, nor is it something acted upon in our practice.”
[Al-Tamheed - Volume 14 - Page 8-9]
So it well-known that Imam Malik rejected this authentic narration by not acting upon it, yet people attack Abu Hanifa for it and excuse Imam Malik!?
The correct stance in this is that both Imam Malik and Abu Hanifa gave presedence to their customs. They viewed their customs to be a Hujjah, as it is for them a consensus on what is correct to do. They did not reject an authentic narration without any valid reason.
As for the others who have accepted this narration, they include Imam Ahmad, Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah, Imam Shafi'i, and others. They took this narration and implemented it and made it a foundational principle in the rulings of sales.
Abū Ḥanīfah differed with Ahl al-Ḥadīth on numerous matters of Fiqh. One example is his view on the permissibility of consuming certain types of seafood, such as shrimp, lobster, crab, and similar creatures.
He held the position that only fish are permissible to eat, excluding other sea creatures that do not fall under that classification.
Beyond this, there are many additional juristic issues where Abū Ḥanīfah’s views diverged from those of Ahl al-Ḥadīth.
أخبرنا ابن دوما، أخبرنا ابن سلم، حدثنا الأبار، حدثنا أبو عمار المروزي قال: سمعت الفضل بن موسى السيناني يقول: سمعت أبا حنيفة يقول: من أصحابي من يبول قلتين، يرد على النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم " إذا كان الماء قلتين لم ينجس ".
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٨٩]
Ibn Douma told us, Ibn Sallam told us, al-Abar told us, Abu 'Ammar al-Marwazi said: "I heard al-Fadl ibn Musa al-Sinani say: I heard Abu Hanifa say: 'Some of my companions urinate in two kullahs (large amounts of water), and they reject the saying of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, that 'If the water reaches two kullahs, it does not become impure.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 389]
Abu Hanifa is of the view that an equivalent of two pots of water cannot become impure.
ثنا محمد بن يوسف ثنا محمد بن المهلب البخاري ثنا إبراهيم بن الأشعث قال: سمعت الفضل يقول لم يكن بين المشرق والمغرب فقيها يذكر بخير الا عاب أبو حنيفة مجلسه
[الكامل - عبد الله بن عدي - ج ٧ - الصفحة ٧]
Ibn 'Adiy mentioned:
Ibn Muhammad ibn Yusuf narrated to us, Muhammad ibn al-Mahlab al-Bukhari narrated to us, and Ibrahim ibn al-Ash'ath narrated to us, saying:
al-Fadl said: "There was no scholar between the East and the West who was praised except that Abu Hanifa criticized his assembly."
[Al-Kaamil - Ibn 'Adiy - Volume 7 - Page 7]
حَدَّثَنَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا صَالِحٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ يَقُولُ: مَرَّ بِي أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ وَأَنَا فِي سُوقِ الْكُوفَةِ , فَقَالَ لِي: تَيْسُ الْقَيَّاسِ هَذَا أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ , فَلَمْ أَسْأَلْهُ عَنْ شَيْءٍ , ⦗٢٨٣⦘ قَالَ يَحْيَى: وَكَانَ جَارِي بِالْكُوفَةِ فَمَا قَرَبْتُهُ وَلَا سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ شَيْءٍ.
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Isa narrated to us, saying: Salih narrated to us, saying: 'Ali ibn al-Madiniy narrated to us, saying: I heard Yahya ibn Sa'id say: "Abu Hanifa passed by me while I was in the marketplace of Kufa and he (Yahya) said to me: 'This is the one adept in analogy, Abu Hanifa. I did not ask him anything." Yahya added: "He was my neighbor in Kufa, but I neither approached him nor asked him anything."
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
It may be due to the fact that Abu Hanifa was not Sahib al-Hadith, and Yahya ibn Sa'eed al-Qattan busied himself with Hadith. So he did not bother to ask anything.
Yahya ibn Sa'eed al-Qattan is known to have taken from Abu Hanifa's Fiqh, and he gave fatwas based on it.
ثنا ابن أبي عصمة ثنا أحمد بن الفرات قال: سمعت الحسن بن زياد اللؤلؤي يقول: سمعت أبا حنيفة يقول لا باس ان تفتح الصلاة بالفارسية
[الكامل - عبد الله بن عدي - ج ٧ - الصفحة ٦]
Ibn 'Adiy mentioned:
Ibn Abi 'Asmah narrated to us, Ahmad ibn al-Furat narrated to us, and I heard Hasan ibn Ziyad al-Lului say: I heard Abu Hanifa say: "There is no problem in opening salat in Persian."
[Al-Kaamil - Ibn 'Adiy - Volume 7 - Page 6]
حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ قَالَ: شَهِدْتُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ وَسُئِلَ عَنِ الْوِتْرِ فَقَالَ: فَرِيضَةٌ. قُلْتُ: كَمِ الصَّلَوَاتُ؟ قَالَ: خَمْسٌ.
قُلْتُ: فَالْوِتْرُ؟ قَالَ: فَرِيضَةٌ.
«وَقَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ قَالَ: جَلَسْتُ إِلَى أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ فَذَكَرَ سَعِيدَ بْنَ جُبَيْرٍ فَانْتَحَلَهُ لِلْأَرْجَاءِ. فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ مَنْ مُحَدِّثُكَ؟ قَالَ: سَالِمٌ الْأَفْطَسُ. فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّ سَالِمًا كَانَ مُرْجِئًا، وَلَكِنْ حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ قَالَ: رَآنِي سَعِيدٌ جَلَسْتُ إِلَى طَلْقٍ [٥] فَقَالَ: ألَمْ أَرَكَ جَلَسْتَ إِلَى طَلْقٍ! لَا تُجَالِسْهُ. فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: يَا أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ فَمَا كَانَ رأي طلق؟ قال:
فسكت، ثم سأله فَسَكَتَ، ثُمَّ سَأَلَهُ فَسَكَتَ، فَقَالَ: وَيْحَكَ كَانَ يَرَى الْعَدْلَ». ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيَّ فَقَالَ: يَرْحَمُ اللَّهُ أَيُّوبَ لَقَدْ قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ وَأَنَا بِهَا، فَقُلْتُ لَأَجْلِسَنَّ إِلَيْهِ لَعَلِّي أَتَعَلَّقُ عَلَيْهِ بِسَقْطَةٍ. قَالَ: فَجَاءَ فَقَامَ مِنَ الْقَبْرِ مَقَامًا لَا أَذْكُرُ ذَلِكَ الْمَقَامَ إِلَّا اقْشَعَرَّ جِلْدِي.
[المعرفة والتاريخ - الفسوي - المجلد ٢ - الصفحة ٧٩١]
Al-Fassawi mentioned:
Sulaiman bin Harb narrated to us: Hammad bin Zayd said, "I witnessed Abu Hanifa being asked about the Witr prayer. He said, 'It is an obligation.'
I asked, 'How many are the obligatory prayers?'
He said, 'Five.'
I asked, 'And the Witr?'
He replied, 'It is an obligation.'"
Hammad bin Zayd also said, "I sat with Abu Hanifa in the Sacred Mosque (Masjid al-Haram), and he mentioned Sa'id bin Jubayr and attributed to him the doctrine of Murji’ah.
I said, 'O Abu Hanifa, who narrated this to you?'
He replied, 'Salim al-Aftas.'
I said, 'Salim was indeed a Murji’i, but Ayoub narrated to us saying: Sa'id saw me sitting with Talaq and said, "Didn’t I see you sitting with Talaq? Do not sit with him (because he is Murji)."'
A man then asked Abu Hanifa, 'What was Talaq’s opinion?'
Abu Hanifa remained silent. The man asked him again, and he stayed silent. The man asked him a third time, and he stayed silent. Finally, Abu Hanifa said, 'Woe to you! He held the view of justice.'
Abu Hanifa then turned to me and said, 'May Allah have mercy on Ayoub. He came to Medina while I was there, and I thought to myself, "Let me sit with him, perhaps I can catch him in a mistake." When he came, he stood near the grave (of the Prophet ﷺ) in such a manner that whenever I recall that scene, my skin shivers.'"
[Al-Ma'rifah wal-Tarikh - Al-Fassawi - Volume 2 - Page 793-794]
Ayyub used to cry when being present at the grave of the Prophet. That is what Abu Hanifa was talking about.
قال ونا أبو علي أحمد بن عثمان الأصبهاني قال نا إبراهيم بن سليمان قال نا كامل بن عبد ربه قال ونا محمد بن موسى العطار قال نا موسى بن هارون الحمال قال بلغني أن قتادة قدم الكوفة فجلس في مجلس له وقال سلوني عن سنن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم حتى أجيبكم فقال جماعة لأبي حنيفة قم اليه فسله فقام اليه فقال له ما تقول يا أبا الخطاب في رجل غاب عن أهله فتزوجت امرأته ثم قدم زوجها الأول فدخل عليها وقال يا زانية تزوجت وأنا حي ثم دخل زوجها الثاني فقال لها تزوجت يا زانية ولك زوج كيف اللعان فقال قتادة قد وقع هذا فقال له أبو حنيفة وان لم يقع نستعد له فقال له قتادة لا اجيبكم في شئ من هذا سلوني عن القرآن فقال له أبو حنيفة ما تقول في قوله عز وجل * (قال الذي عنده علم من الكتاب أنا آتيك به) * من هو قال قتادة هذا رجل من ولد عم سليمان بن داود كان يعرف اسم الله الأعظم فقال أبو حنيفة أكان سليمان يعلم ذلك الاسم قال لا قال سبحان الله ويكون بحضرة نبي من الأنبياء من هو أعلم منه قال قتادة لا اجيبكم في شئ من التفسير سلوني عما اختلف الناس فيه فقال له أبو حنيفة امؤمن أنت قال أرجو قال له أبو حنيفة فهلا قلت كما قال إبراهيم فيما حكى الله عنه حين قال له * (أو لم تؤمن قال بلى) * قال قتادة خذوا بيدي والله لا دخلت هذا البلد ابدا
[الانتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - الصفحة ١٥٦-١٥٧]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
Abu Ya'qub narrated from Abu Ali Ahmad ibn Osman al-Isfahani, from Ibrahim ibn Suleiman, from Kamil ibn Abdul-Rahman, from Muhammad ibn Musa al-Attar, from Musa ibn Harun al-Hammal:
It reached me that Qatadah came to Kufa, sat in a gathering, and said, "Ask me about the traditions of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, until I answer you."
A group of people said to Abu Hanifa, "Go to him and ask him." He went to him and said, "What do you say, Abu al-Khattab (Qatada), about a man who was absent from his family, and his wife remarried, then the first husband returned and entered upon her, saying, 'O adulteress, you married while I was alive,' and then the second husband entered, saying, 'You married, O adulteress, while you already had a husband. What is the ruling on lian (mutual cursing) in this case?"
Qatadah replied, "This situation has occurred?" Abu Hanifah responded, "Even if it not yet happened, we should prepare ourselves for it."
Qatadah said, "I will not answer you regarding any of this. Ask me about the Quran."
Abu Hanifah then asked, "What do you say about the verse of Allah, the Most High, 'The one who had knowledge of the Scripture said, 'I will bring it to you.' Who is this person?" Qatadah replied, "He is a man from the family of Solomon, the son of David, who knew the name of Allah’s greatest name." Abu Hanifah asked, "Did Solomon know this name?" Qatadah replied, "No." Abu Hanifah said, "Glory be to Allah! How could there be someone present with a prophet who is more knowledgeable than him?" Qatadah replied, "I will not answer you regarding any interpretation. Ask me about the matters on which people differ."
Abu Hanifah then asked, "Are you a believer?" Qatadah responded, "I hope so." Abu Hanifa replied, "Why didn’t you say as Ibrahim, upon him be peace, said when Allah mentioned it about him, *'Do you then not believe?' He said, 'Yes, I believed.'" Qatadah said, "Take my hand, by Allah, I will never enter this town again."
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Thalatha al-Aimmah al-Fuqahaa - Page 156-157]
Here we see how Qatada differed with Abu Hanifa on some major aspects. He first differed with him in not answering questions that have not yet occured. Abu Hanifa was of the view that one should prepare for such an event.
Abu Hanifa also asked Qatada about the matter related to Iman, whether one could call himself a Mumin. Qatada follows Ahl Sunnah in this by saying "I hope so."
Qatada did not deal with Abu Hanifa's deviance of Irja. And that is also from the way of the Salaf Saliheen. It is a stance of cautionesness and reservedness.
The way of Ahl Sunnah is as Sufyan al-Thawri said:
أخبرنا الحسين بن محمد بن الحسن أخو الخلال، أخبرنا جبريل بن محمد المعدل - بهمذان - حدثنا محمد بن حيويه النخاس، حدثنا محمود بن غيلان، حدثنا وكيع قال: سمعت الثوري يقول: نحن المؤمنون، وأهل القبلة عندنا مؤمنون، في المناكحة، والمواريث، والصلاة، والإقرار، ولنا ذنوب ولا ندري ما حالنا عند الله؟ قال وكيع، وقال أبو حنيفة: من قال بقول سفيان هذا فهو عندنا شاك، نحن المؤمنون هنا وعند الله حقا، قال وكيع: ونحن نقول بقول سفيان، وقول أبي حنيفة عندنا جرأة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٦٧]
Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hasan, the brother of al-Khallal, narrated to us, saying: Jibreel ibn Muhammad al-Muaddil in Hamadhan narrated to us, saying: Muhammad ibn Haywayh al-Nakhas narrated to us, saying: Mahmoud ibn Ghaylan narrated to us, saying: Waki' narrated to us, saying:
I heard al-Thawri say: "We (Ahl Sunnah) and Ahl al-Qiblah (the Muslim Ummah including the non-Kufri innovators) are Muminoon in terms of marriage, inheritance, prayer, and acknowledgment. However, we have sins, and we do not know what our status is with Allah."
Waki' said, "And Abu Hanifa said: Whoever says the words of Sufyan is, according to us, doubtful. We are Muminoon here and truly Muminoon with Allah."
Waki' said, "We follow the words of Sufyan, and the words of Abu Hanifa, according to us, show audacity."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 367]
Ahl Sunnah refrain from saying we are Muminoon with Allah, as that would imply that one has achieved perfect faith, and that it must mean that one will be admitted into Paradise automatically.
٣٢٣ - حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ وَكِيعًا، يَقُولُ: " كَانَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ يَقُولُ: «لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا، كَسَرَ طُنْبُورًا ضُمِّنَ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٠٧]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ibrahim ibn Said said: I heard Waki' say: "Abu Hanifa used to say: 'If a man breaks a tambourine, he should be liable for compensation.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 207]
٢٩٧ - حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ النَّاجِيُّ، ثنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، قَالَ: جَلَسْتُ إِلَى أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ بِمَكَّةَ فَجَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: لَبِسْتُ النَّعْلَيْنِ أَوْ قَالَ: لَبِسْتُ السَّرَاوِيلَ وَأَنَا مُحْرِمٌ أَوْ قَالَ: لَبِسْتُ الْخُفَّيْنِ وَأَنَا مُحْرِمٌ - شَكَّ إِبْرَاهِيمُ - فَقَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ: عَلَيْكَ دَمٌ، فَقُلْتُ لِلرَّجُلِ وَجَدْتَ نَعْلَيْنِ أَوْ وَجَدْتَ إِزَارًا؟ قَالَ: لَا، فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ إِنَّ هَذَا يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَجِدْ قَالَ: سَوَاءٌ وَجَدَ أَوْ لَمْ يَجِدْ، قَالَ حَمَّادٌ: فَقُلْتُ حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: «السَّرَاوِيلُ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ الْإِزَارَ وَالْخُفَّيْنِ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدِ النَّعْلَيْنِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٠٠]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ibrahim bin Al-Hajjaj Al-Naji narrated to me, from Hamad bin Zayd, who said: "I sat with Abu Hanifa in Mecca, and a man came to him and said: 'I wore sandals or trousers, or I wore shoes while I was in the state of Ihram'—Ibrahim was uncertain which he said.
Abu Hanifa replied: 'You owe a sacrificial offering.'
I (Hammad ibn Zayd) asked the man: 'Did you find sandals or did you find a waistcloth?' He replied: 'No.' I then said to Abu Hanifa: 'This man claims that he did not find them.'
Abu Hanifa replied: 'It makes no difference whether he found them or not.'
Hamad said: 'I said, 'Amr bin Dinar narrated to us from Jabir bin Zaid, from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: 'I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: "Trousers are for those who cannot find a waistcloth, and shoes are for those who cannot find sandals."'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 200]
٢٩٨ - وَحَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «السَّرَاوِيلُ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدِ الْإِزَارَ وَالْخُفَّيْنِ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدِ النَّعْلَيْنِ» فَقَالَ بِيَدِهِ وَحَرَّكَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ يَدَهُ أَيْ لَا شَيْءَ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: فَأَنْتَ عَنْ مَنْ؟ قَالَ: نا حَمَّادُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: عَلَيْهِ دَمٌ وَجَدَ أَوْ لَمْ يَجِدْ، قَالَ: فَقُمْتُ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ فَتَلَقَّانِي الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ أَرْطَأَةَ دَاخِلَ الْمَسْجِدِ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: يَا أَبَا أَرْطَأَةَ مَا تَقُولُ فِي مُحْرِمٍ لَبِسَ السَّرَاوِيلَ وَلَمْ يَجِدِ الْإِزَارَ وَلَبِسَ الْخُفَّيْنِ وَلَمْ يَجِدِ النَّعْلَيْنِ، فَقَالَ
٢٩٩ - حَدَّثَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «السَّرَاوِيلُ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدِ الْإِزَارَ وَالْخُفَّيْنِ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدِ النَّعْلَيْنِ» قَالَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: يَا أَبَا أَرْطَأَةَ: أَمَا تَحْفَظُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: لَا
٣٠٠ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي نَافِعٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «السَّرَاوِيلُ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدِ الْإِزَارَ وَالْخُفَّيْنِ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدِ النَّعْلَيْنِ»
٣٠١ - قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ، عَنِ الْحَارِثِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «السَّرَاوِيلُ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدِ الْإِزَارَ وَالْخُفَّيْنِ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَجِدِ النَّعْلَيْنِ» قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ مَا بَالُ صَاحِبِكُمْ قَالَ كَذَا وَكَذَا؟ قَالَ: فَفِي ذَاكَ وَصَاحِبُ مَنْ ذَاكَ قَبَّحَ اللَّهُ ذَاكَ
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٠١]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
(Hammad said:) from Ayyub, from Nafi, from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), who said that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Trousers are for those who cannot find a waistcloth, and shoes are for those who cannot find sandals." And he (Ibrahim bin Al-Hajjaj) motioned with his hand as if to say, 'nothing else.'
I (Hammad) said to him (Abu Hanifa): "From whom did you narrate this?" He replied: "We heard it from Hamad bin Ibrahim, who said: 'He owes a sacrificial offering, whether he found it or not.'
I then left him, and as I entered the mosque, I met Al-Hajjaj bin Arta'ah, and I said to him: 'O Abu Arta'ah, what do you say about a person in Ihram who wore trousers and did not find a waistcloth, and wore shoes but did not find sandals?'
He replied: Narrated to me Amr bin Dinar, from Jabir bin Zaid, from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them), that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Trousers are for those who cannot find a waistcloth, and shoes are for those who cannot find sandals." I said to him, "O Aba Arta'a, do you recall that he (Ibn 'Abbas) said that he heard this from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)'?" He replied, "No."
He (Al-Hajjaj bin Arta'ah) also said: Narrated to me Nafi', from Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Trousers are for those who cannot find a waistcloth, and shoes are for those who cannot find sandals."
He also said: Narrated to me Abu Ishaq, from Al-Harith, from Ali (may Allah be pleased with him), that he said: "Trousers are for those who cannot find a waistcloth, and shoes are for those who cannot find sandals."
I (Hammad) said to him (Al-Hajjaj ibn Arta'ah): "What is the matter with your companions, who said such and such?" He replied: "May Allah's curse be upon be on him and his companions."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 201]
In this narration we see the reason why Abu Hanifa gave such a fatwa. He followed the view of Ibrahim al-Nakha'ee.
Al-Hajjaj ibn Arta'ah is not a companion of Abu Hanifa, and he distanced himself from ever being associated with him. He cursed Abu Hanifa and his companions.
Abū Ḥanīfah was indeed considered a weak narrator in the science of ḥadīth. Nonetheless, he was known to be truthful, not someone who lied or fabricated narrations. Many of the Salaf Saliheen attested to his nobility and piety.
However, he would too often confuse the text (matn) and chain (isnād) of the narrations he reported, and due to these mistakes, many early scholars classified him as weak in narration.
Among those who weakened Abu Hanifa are: Yaḥyā ibn Maʿīn, Imām al-Bukhārī, Imām Muslim, al-Nasā’ī, Imām Aḥmad, Ibn Abī Ḥātim, and others.
It is widely accepted among the scholars of ḥadīth that Abū Ḥanīfah was weak as a transmitter. Only someone who is fanatic would reject the statements of such a large group of leading scholars and attempt to obscure or dismiss this reality.
حَدَّثَنَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا صَالِحٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ يَقُولُ: مَرَّ بِي أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ وَأَنَا فِي سُوقِ الْكُوفَةِ , فَقَالَ لِي: تَيْسُ الْقَيَّاسِ هَذَا أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ , فَلَمْ أَسْأَلْهُ عَنْ شَيْءٍ , ⦗٢٨٣⦘ قَالَ يَحْيَى: وَكَانَ جَارِي بِالْكُوفَةِ فَمَا قَرَبْتُهُ وَلَا سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ شَيْءٍ.
قِيلَ لِيَحْيَى: كَيْفَ كَانَ حَدِيثُهُ؟ قَالَ: لَمْ يَكُنْ بِصَاحِبِ الْحَدِيثِ.
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Isa narrated to us, saying: Salih narrated to us, saying: 'Ali ibn al-Madini narrated to us, saying: I heard Yahya ibn Sa'id say: "Abu Hanifa passed by me while I was in the marketplace of Kufa and he (Yahya) said to me: 'This is the one adept in Qiyas, Abu Hanifa. I did not ask him anything." Yahya added: "He was my neighbor in Kufa, but I neither approached him nor asked him anything."
It was said to Yahya: How was his (Abu Hanifa) expertise in Hadith? Yahya responded: He was not from among Ashab al-Hadith."
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
قرأت على البرقاني عن محمد بن العباس الخزاز، حدثنا أحمد بن مسعدة الفزاري، حدثنا جعفر بن درستويه، حدثنا أحمد بن محمد بن القاسم بن محرز قال:
سمعت يحيى بن معين يقول: كان أبو حنيفة لا بأس به وكان لا يكذب. وسمعت يحيى يقول مرة أخرى: أبو حنيفة عندنا من أهل الصدق ولم يتهم بالكذب، ولقد ضربه ابن هبيرة على القضاء فأبى أن يكون قاضيا.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٢١]
I read to Al-Barqani from Muhammad bin Al-Abbas Al-Khazzaz, who narrated to us from Ahmad bin Mas'ada Al-Fazari, who narrated from Ja'far bin Durstawayh, who narrated from Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Al-Qasim bin Mihriz, who said: I heard Yahya bin Ma'een say: "There is nothing wrong with Abu Hanifa, and he did not lie." And I heard Yahya say once again: "Abu Hanifa, in our opinion, is a person of truthfulness and was not accused of lying. Indeed, Ibn Hubayra struck him for the judiciary, but he refused to be a judge."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 421]
Nothing wrong with him in the sense that he was not a liar or someone who fabricated.
أخبرنا البرقاني، أخبرنا محمد بن الحسن السراجي، أخبرنا عبد الله بن أبي حاتم الرازي، حدثني أبي قال: سمعت محمد بن كثير العبدي يقول: كنت عند سفيان الثوري فذكر حديثا. فقال رجل: حدثني فلان بغير هذا، فقال: من هو؟
فقال: أبو حنيفة. قال: أحلتني على غير ملىء.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٢٠]
We were informed by Al-Barqani, who informed us by Muhammad bin Al-Hasan Al-Saraji, who informed us by Abdullah bin Abi Hatim Al-Razi, who said: My father told me, I heard Muhammad bin Kathir Al-Abdi say: I was with Sufyan Al-Thawri when a hadith was mentioned. A man said: So-and-so narrated it differently. He asked: Who is it? He said: Abu Hanifa. He said: You have referred me to someone unreliable.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 420]
أخبرنا محمد بن الحسين بن محمد المتوثي، أخبرنا إسماعيل بن محمد الصفار، حدثنا الحسن بن الفضل البوصرائي قال: حدثنا محمد بن كثير العبدي، حدثنا سفيان الثوري قال: رأيته وسأله رجل عن مسألة فأفتاه فيها، فقال له الرجل: أن فيها أثرا. قال له: عمن؟ قال: عن أبي حنيفة. قال: أحلتني على غير ملىء.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٢٠]
We were informed by Muhammad bin Al-Hussein bin Muhammad Al-Mutawthi, who informed us by Ismail bin Muhammad Al-Saffar, who said: Al-Hasan bin Al-Fadl Al-Busraai told us, who said: Muhammad bin Kathir Al-Abdi told us, who said: Sufyan Al-Thawri said: I saw him when a man asked him about an issue and he gave him a fatwa. The man then said: There is a narration about this. He asked: From whom? He said: From Abu Hanifa. He said: You have referred me to someone unreliable.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 420]
حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِيٍّ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ سُفْيَانَ عَنْ حَدِيثِ عَاصِمٍ , عَنْ رَزِينِ بْنِ رَزِينٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فِي الْمُرْتَدَّةِ إِذَا ارْتَدَّتْ تُحْبَسُ وَلَا تُقْتَلُ , قُلْتُ: أَسَمِعْتَهُ؟ قَالَ: أَمَّا مِنْ ثِقَةٍ فَلَا، قَالَ: عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ رَوَاهُ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ , عَنْ عَاصِمٍ.
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
'Ali ibn al-Husayn narrated to us: Abdul-Rahman ibn Umar al-Asbahani narrated to us: Abdul-Rahman ibn Mahdi narrated to us: I asked Sufyan about the hadith of 'Asim, from Razin ibn Razin, from Ibn 'Abbas, regarding the apostates, that when they apostatize, they are imprisoned and not killed. I asked: Did you hear this? He said: Not from anyone reliable. 'Abdul-Rahman said: "This hadith was narrated by Abu Hanifa from 'Asim."
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ الْعُقَيْلِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ الْحَسَنِ التِّرْمِذِيَّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ، يَقُولُ: أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ يَكْذِبُ.
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
Sulaiman ibn Dawood al-'Uqayli narrated to us: I heard Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Tirmidhi say: I heard Ahmad ibn Hanbal say: Abu Hanifa is lying.
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُرَيْجُ بْنُ يُونُسَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو قَطَنٍ، عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، وَكَانَ زَمِنًا فِي الْحَدِيثِ.
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
'Abdullah ibn Ahmad narrated to us: Surayj ibn Yunus narrated to us: Abu Qatan narrated to us from Abu Hanifa, who was weak in hadith.
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
حَدَّثَنَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْحُسَيْنَ بْنَ الْحَسَنِ الْمَرْوَزِيَّ يَقُولُ: سَأَلْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ , فَقُلْتُ: مَا تَقُولُ فِي أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ , فَقَالَ: رَأْيُهُ مَذْمُومٌ , وَحَدِيثُهُ لَا يُذْكَرُ.
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
'Abdullah ibn Muhammad al-Marwazi narrated to us: I heard Husayn ibn Hasan al-Marwazi say: I asked Ahmad ibn Hanbal, "What do you say about Abu Hanifa?" He replied, "His opinion is reprehensible, and his hadith should not be mentioned."
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يَقُولُ: حَدِيثُ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ ضَعِيفٌ , وَرَأْيُهُ ضَعِيفٌ.
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
'Abdullah ibn Ahmad narrated to us: I heard my father say: "The hadith of Abu Hanifa is weak, and his opinion is weak."
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ مَعِينٍ، وَسُئِلَ عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ قَالَ: كَانَ يُضَعَّفُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ.
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
Muhammad ibn 'Uthman narrated to us: I heard Yahya ibn Ma'een, and he was asked about Abu Hanifa. He said: "He was considered weak in hadith."
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ سُفْيَانَ عَنْ حَدِيثِ عَاصِمِ بْنِ أَبِي النَّجُودِ فِي الْمُرْتَدَّةِ , أَسَمِعْتَهُ؟ فَقَالَ: أَمَّا مِنْ ثِقَةٍ فَلَا , قَالَ أَبِي: وَكَانَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ يَرْوِيهِ عَنْ عَاصِمٍ
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
'Abdullah narrated to us: My father narrated to us, saying: 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar said: I asked Sufyan about the hadith of 'Asim ibn Abi al-Najood regarding the (narration of) apostates. Did you hear it? He said: "Not from anyone reliable." My father (Ahmad ibn Hanbal) said: "And Abu Hanifa narrated it from 'Asim."
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
حدثنا سريج بن يونس قال حدثنا أبو قطن قال حدثنا أبو حنيفة وكان زمنا في الحديث
[العلل - أحمد بن حنبل - ج ٣ - الصفحة ١٦٤]
'Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Surayj ibn Yunus narrated to us, saying: Abu Qatan narrated to us, saying: Abu Hanifa narrated to us, and he was flawed in hadith.
[Al-'Ilal - Imam Ahmad - Volume 3 - Page 164]
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ حَمَّادَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْحَجَّاجَ بْنَ أَرْطَاةَ، يَقُولُ: وَمَنْ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ؟ , وَمَنْ يَأْخُذُ عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ؟ .
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Isma'il said: Suleiman ibn Harb told us: I heard Hammad ibn Zayd say: I heard al-Hajjaj ibn Artaah say: 'Who is Abu Hanifa? And who takes from Abu Hanifa?'
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ جَرِيرٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: جَاءَنِي أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ يَسْأَلُنِي عَنْ كِتَابِ حَمَّادٍ , فَلَمْ أَعْطِهِ كِتَابًا , فَدَسَّ إِلَيَّ ابْنَهُ فَدَفَعْتُ كُتُبِي إِلَيْهِ , فَدَفَعَهَا إِلَى أَبِيهِ , ⦗٢٨٤⦘ فَرَوَاهَا أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ مِنْ كُتُبِي , عَنْ حَمَّادٍ.
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Isa narrated to us, saying: Ibrahim ibn Sa'id narrated to us, saying: Muhammad ibn Humayd narrated to us, from Jarir, from Muhammad ibn Jabir, who said: Abu Hanifa came to me asking about the book of Hammād. I did not give him the book, but he secretly sent his son to me, and I handed over my books to him. He then gave them to his father, and Abu Hanifa narrated from my books, from Hammād.
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
حَدَّثَنَا الْهَيْثَمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا نُعَيْمٍ، يَقُولُ: مَا كُنَّا نَسْمَعُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ إِلَّا مُقْنِعِينَ.
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
Haytham ibn Khalid narrated to us, saying: I heard Ahmad ibn 'Uthman ibn Hakim say: I heard Abu Nu'aym say: "We would only hear from Abu Hanifa when we were fully assured (about the authenticity)."
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حَمَّادٍ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ حُرَيْثٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: كَانَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِي الْعَطُوفِ، فَإِذَا لَمْ يُحَدِّثْ عَنْهُ , قَالَ: زَعَمَ حَمَّادٌ , قَالَ: الْفَضْلُ: زَعَمُوا كُنْيَتَهُ الْكَذِبَ.
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
Ahmad ibn 'Ali narrated to us, who said: Abu Hamad al-Husayn ibn Hurayth told us: al-Fadl ibn Musa told us: Abu Hanifa would narrate from Abu al-'Atuf, and when he did not narrate from him, he would say: ‘Hammad said.’ Al-Fadl said: ‘They attributed him (Abu Hanifa) to be lying.’
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي قَالَ: أَدْرَكْتُ النَّاسَ مَا يَكْتُبُونَ الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، فَكَيْفَ الرَّأْيُ؟.
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Ayyub narrated to us, saying: Muhammad ibn 'Abdullah ibn Numayr narrated to us, saying: I heard my father say, "I lived among the people, and they would not write down hadith from Abu Hanifa, so how could they then rely on his opinions?"
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ الشَّاشِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا شَيْبَانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ كَثِيرٍ أَبُو النَّضْرِ قَالَ: كَانَ أَيُّوبُ السَّخْتِيَانِيُّ إِذَا سَمِعَ حَدِيثًا يُعْجِبُهُ , قَالَ: عَنْ مَنْ؟ فَيُقَالُ: عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، فَيَقُولُ: دَعُوهُ.
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Sa’d al-Shashi narrated to us, saying: Shayban narrated to us, saying: Yahya ibn Kathir Abu al-Nadr narrated to me, saying: Whenever Ayyub al-Sakhtiyani heard a hadith that he liked, he would ask, "From whom?" It would be said, "From Abu Hanifa," and he would respond, "Leave it."
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مِسْكِينٌ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ قَالَ: سُئِلَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ , قَالَ أَبِي: لَمْ يَسْمَعِ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ مِنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ , إِنَّمَا عَابَهُ.
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
'Abdullah narrated to us, saying: My father informed me, saying: Miskin narrated to us, saying: Al-Awza'ee narrated to us, saying: Abu Hanifa was asked ...
My father said: Al-Awza'ee did not hear anything directly from Abu Hanifa; rather, he criticized him.
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
حَدَّثَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ الطَّالْقَانِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُؤَمَّلٌ قَالَ: كُنَّا عِنْدَ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ , فَجَاءَ ذِكْرُ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ , فَقَامَ , وَقَالَ: غَيْرُ ثِقَةٍ , وَلَا مَأْمُونٍ.
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
Al-Fadl ibn ‘Abd Allah narrated to us, saying: Sa‘id ibn Ya‘qub al-Talqani narrated to us, saying: Muammal narrated to us, saying: We were with Sufyan al-Thawri when the mention of Abu Hanifa came up. He stood up and said: "He is neither trustworthy nor reliable."
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
ثنا أحمد بن محمد بن سعيد ثنا محمد بن عبد الله بن سليمان ثنا سلمة بن شبيب ثنا المقري عبد الله بن يزيد أبو عبد الرحمن قال: سمعت أبا حنيفة يقول عامة ما أحدثكم خطأ
[الكامل - عبد الله بن عدي - ج ٧ - الصفحة ٦]
Ibn 'Adiy mentioned:
Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Sa'id narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Suleiman narrated to us, Salim ibn Shabib narrated to us, and Al-Muqri 'Abdullah ibn Yazid Abu Abdul-Rahman narrated to us, who said: I heard Abu Hanifa say, "Most of what I narrate to you is incorrect."
[Al-Kaamil - Ibn 'Adiy - Volume 7 - Page 6]
ثناه عبد الله بن محمد بن عبد العزيز حدثني محمود بن غيلان ثنا المقري سمعت أبا حنيفة يقول ما رأيت أفضل من عطاء وعامة ما أحدثكم خطأ
[الكامل - عبد الله بن عدي - ج ٧ - الصفحة ٦]
Ibn 'Adiy mentioned:
'Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn 'Abdul-Aziz narrated to us, Mahmoud ibn Ghaylan narrated to us, and Al-Muqri narrated to us, who said: I heard Abu Hanifa say, "I have not seen anyone better than 'Ata, and most of what I narrate to you is Khata (incorrect)."
[Al-Kaamil - Ibn 'Adiy - Volume 7 - Page 6]
حدثنا عبد الرحمن حدثني أبي قال سمعت محمد بن كثير العبدي يقول كنت عند سفيان الثوري فذكر حديثا فقال رجل حدثني فلان بغير هذا، فقال، من هو؟ قال: أبو حنيفة، قال: أحلتني على غير ملئ.
[الجرح والتعديل - الرازي - ج ١ - الصفحة ٧٥]
Ibn Abi Haatim mentioned:
'Abdur-Rahman narrated to us, saying: My father narrated to me, saying:
Muhammad ibn Kathir al-'Abdi said: "I was with Sufyan al-Thawri, and a certain hadith was mentioned. A man said, 'So-and-so narrated it to me differently.' Sufyan asked, 'Who is he?' The man replied, 'Abu Hanifa.' Sufyan said, 'You have referred me to someone unreliable.'"
[Al-Jarh wal-Ta'deel - Ibn Abi Haatim - Volume 1 - Page 75]
سمعت ابن حماد يقول: قال السعدي لا يقنع بحديثه ولا برأيه يعني أبا حنيفة.
[الكامل - عبد الله بن عدي - ج ٧ - الصفحة ٧]
Ibn 'Adiy mentioned:
I heard Ibn Hamad say: Al-Sa'di said, "His Hadith or opinion does not suffice," referring to Abu Hanifa.
[Al-Kaamil - Ibn 'Adiy - Volume 7 - Page 7]
نا عبد الرحمن نا أحمد بن منصور المروزي قال سمعت سلمة بن سليمان قال قال عبد الله - يعنى ابن المبارك: ان أصحابي ليلومونني في الرواية عن أبي حنيفة، وذاك انه اخذ كتاب محمد بن جابر عن حماد بن أبي سليمان فروى عن حماد ولم يسمعه منه.
[الجرح والتعديل - الرازي - ج ٨ - الصفحة ٤٥٠]
Ibn Abi Haatim mentioned:
From Ahmad ibn Mansur al-Marwazi, who said: I heard Salama ibn Suleiman say: 'Abd Allah (meaning Ibn al-Mubarak) said: 'My companions used to blame me for narrating from Abu Hanifa. This was because he took the book of Muhammad ibn Jabir from Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman, and narrated from Hammad without having heard that directly from him.'
[Al-Jarh wal-Ta'deel - Ibn Abi Haatim - Volume 8 - Page 450]
٣٦٤ - حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ أَبُو نَشِيطٍ، نا نُعَيْمُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ، ثنا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، بِحَدِيثٍ قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: فَلَمَّا قَدِمْتُ الْكُوفَةَ سَأَلُونِي عَنِ الْحَدِيثِ فَقُلْتُ هُوَ جَابِرُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، فَقَالُوا: إِنَّ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ رَوَاهُ عَنْ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، فَقُلْتُ: لَا إِنَّمَا هُوَ جَابِرُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ فَأَتَوْا أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ فَقَالُوا: إِنَّ هَاهُنَا رَجُلًا عَالِمًا بِحَدِيثِ عَمْرٍو، فَقَالَ: لَا تُبَالُوا إِنْ شِئْتُمْ صَيِّرُوهُ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَإِنْ شِئْتُمْ صَيِّرُوهُ جَابِرَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١٧]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Harun Abu Nashit narrated to us, from Nu'aym ibn Hammad, from Ibn 'Uyaynah, from Amr ibn Dinar, from Jabir ibn Zayd, with a hadith.
Sufyan said: "When I came to Kufa, they asked me about the hadith, and I said it was Jabir ibn Zayd. They said: 'Abu Hanifa narrated it from Amr, from Jabir ibn Abdullah.' I replied: 'No, it is Jabir ibn Zayd.'
So they went to Abu Hanifa and said: 'There is a man here knowledgeable about the hadith of Amr.' He said: 'Do not mind it. If you want, make him Jabir ibn Abdullah, and if you want, make him Jabir ibn Zayd.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 217]
٣٩٨ - حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ الدُّورِيُّ الْمُقْرِئُ، سَمِعْتُ أَبَا نُعَيْمٍ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ ⦗٢٢٦⦘ النُّعْمَانَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ وَهُو أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ يَقُولُ لِأَبِي يُوسُفَ يَا يَعْقُوبُ لَا تَرْوِ عَنِّي شَيْئًا فَوَاللَّهِ مَا أَدْرِي أَمُخْطِئٌ أَمْ مُصِيبٌ "
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٥]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Abi Umar al-Duri al-Muqri, narrated to me, saying: "I heard Abu Nu'aym say: 'I heard al-Nu’man ibn Thabit, who is Abu Hanifa, say to Abu Yusuf: "O Ya’qub, do not narrate anything from me, for by Allah, I do not know whether I am wrong or correct."'
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 225]
أخبرنا علي بن محمد بن عبد الله المعدل، حدثنا أبو علي بن الصواف، أخبرنا عبد الله بن أحمد بن حنبل - إجازة - حدثنا سريج بن يونس، حدثنا أبو قطن، حدثنا أبو حنيفة، وكان زمنا في الحديث.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٧]
We were informed by Ali bin Muhammad bin Abdullah Al-Muʿaddal, who said: Abu Ali bin Al-Sawaf told us, who said: Abdullah bin Ahmad bin Hanbal - by way of permission - narrated to us, who said: Sariq bin Yunus narrated to us, who said: Abu Qatan narrated to us, who said: Abu Hanifa was flawed in hadith.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 417]
أخبرنا البرقاني، أخبرنا محمد بن العباس بن حيويه، أخبرنا محمد ابن مخلد، حدثنا صالح بن أحمد بن حنبل، حدثنا علي - يعني ابن المديني - قال:
سمعت يحيى، هو ابن سعيد القطان - وذكر عنده أبو حنيفة - قالوا: كيف كان حديثه؟ قال: لم يكن بصاحب حديث.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٨]
Al-Barqani informed us, Muhammad ibn al-Abbas ibn Haywayh informed us, Muhammad ibn Makhlad informed us, Salih ibn Ahmad ibn Hanbal informed us, Ali—meaning Ibn al-Madini—said: I heard Yahya, he is Ibn Sa'id al-Qattan—and "Abu Hanifa" was mentioned in his presence. They asked: "How was his narration?" He said: "He was not Sahib al-hadith.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 418]
أخبرنا الخلال، حدثنا أحمد بن إبراهيم بن شاذان، أخبرنا علي بن محمد ابن مهران السواق، حدثنا محمد بن حماد المقرئ قال: وسألت يحيى بن معين عن أبي حنيفة فقال: وأيش كان عند أبي حنيفة من الحديث حتى تسأل عنه.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٨]
Al-Khallal informed us, Ahmad ibn Ibrahim ibn Shadhan informed us, Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Mehran al-Suwaq informed us, Muhammad ibn Hamad al-Muqri said: I asked Yahya ibn Ma'een about Abu Hanifa, and he said: "What did Abu Hanifa have to do with hadith, that you are asking about him?"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 418]
أخبرنا الحسن بن الحسن بن المنذر القاضي والحسن بن أبي بكر البزاز قالا: أخبرنا محمد بن عبد الله الشافعي سمعت إبراهيم بن إسحاق الحربي قال:
سمعت أحمد بن حنبل - وسئل عن مالك - فقال: حديث صحيح، ورأي ضعيف.
وسئل عن الأوزاعي فقال: حديث ضعيف، ورأي ضعيف، وسئل عن أبي حنيفة فقال: لا رأي ولا حديث. وسئل عن الشافعي فقال: حديث صحيح، ورأي صحيح.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٨]
Al-Hasan ibn al-Hasan ibn al-Mundhir al-Qadi and al-Hasan ibn Abi Bakr al-Bazzaz both informed us: Muhammad ibn Abdullah al-Shafi'i informed me:
I heard Ibrahim ibn Ishaq al-Harbi say: I heard Ahmad ibn Hanbal - when asked about Malik - say: "His hadith is authentic, and his opinion is weak." He was asked about al-Awza'i, and he said: "His hadith is weak, and his opinion is weak." He was asked about Abu Hanifa, and he said: "No opinion, no hadith." He was asked about al-Shafi'i, and he said: "His hadith is authentic, and his opinion is authentic."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 418]
سمعت أحمد بن علي البادا يقول: قال لي أبو بكر بن شاذان: قال لي أبو بكر بن أبي داود: جميع ما روى أبو حنيفة من الحديث مائة وخمسون حديثا أخطأ - أو قال غلط - في نصفها.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٨]
I heard Ahmad ibn Ali al-Bada' say: Abu Bakr ibn Shadhan said to me: Abu Bakr ibn Abi Dawud ⓘ say:
told me: "All that Abu Hanifa narrated from hadith were one hundred and fifty hadiths, half of which he made mistakes in - or he said he was wrong in half of them."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 418]
أخبرنا البرمكي، أخبرنا محمد بن عبد الله بن خلف، حدثنا عمر بن محمد الجوهري، حدثنا أبو بكر الأثرم، حدثنا أبو عبد الله، حدثنا عبد الرحمن ابن مهدي قال: سألت سفيان عن حديث عاصم في المرتدة؟ فقال: أما من ثقة فلا، كان يرويه أبو حنيفة. قال أبو عبد الله: والحديث كان يرويه أبو حنيفة عن عاصم عن أبي رزين عن ابن عباس في المرأة إذا ارتدت، قال: تحبس ولا تقتل.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٩]
Al-Barkami told us, Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Khalaf told us, 'Umar ibn Muhammad al-Jawhari told us, Abu Bakr al-Athram told us, Abu Abdullah (Imam Ahmad) told us:
and Abdur-Rahman ibn Mahdi said: I asked Sufyan about Asim's hadith regarding (narration of) the apostate. He said: As for from a trustworthy source, no, it was (only) narrated by Abu Hanifa.
Abu Abdullah (Imam Ahmad) said: The hadith was narrated by Abu Hanifa from 'Asim from Abu Razin from Ibn Abbas regarding a woman who apostasized, saying: She is to be imprisoned, not killed.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 419]
أخبرنا عبيد الله بن عمر الواعظ، أخبرنا أبي، حدثنا أحمد بن مغلس، حدثنا مجاهد بن موسى، حدثنا أبو سلمة منصور بن سلمة الخزاعي قال: سمعت أبا بكر بن عياش وذكر حديث عاصم. فقال: والله ما سمعه أبو حنيفة قط.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٩]
Ubaydullah ibn Umar al-Wa'iz told us, my father told us, Ahmad ibn Maghlas told us, Mujahid ibn Musa told us, Abu Salamah Mansur ibn Salma al-Khuza'i said: I heard Abu Bakr ibn 'Ayash mention the hadith of 'Asim. He said: By Allah, Abu Hanifa never heard it.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 419]
أخبرني علي بن أحمد الرزاز، أخبرنا علي بن محمد بن معبد الموصلي، حدثنا ياسين بن سهل، حدثنا أحمد بن حنبل، حدثنا مؤمل قال: ذكروا أبا حنيفة عند سفيان الثوري، فقال: غير ثقة ولا مأمون، غير ثقة ولا مأمون.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٩]
Ali ibn Ahmad al-Razzaz told us, Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Ma'bad al-Mosuli told us, Yasin ibn Sahl told us, Ahmad ibn Hanbal told us, Muammal said: They mentioned Abu Hanifa in front of Sufyan al-Thawri, and he said: Not trustworthy, nor reliable, not trustworthy, nor reliable.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 419]
أخبرنا محمد بن عمر بن بكير المقرئ، أخبرنا عثمان بن أحمد بن سمعان الرزاز، حدثنا هيثم بن خلف، حدثنا محمود بن غيلان قال: حدثنا المؤمل قال: ذكر أبو حنيفة عند الثوري وهو في الحجر، فقال: غير ثقة ولا مأمون، فلم يزل يقول حتى جاز الطواف.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٩]
Muhammad ibn Umar ibn Bakir al-Muqri told us, Osman ibn Ahmad ibn Saman al-Razzaz told us, Haytham ibn Khalaf told us, Mahmoud ibn Ghaylan told us, Al-Muammal said: Abu Hanifa was mentioned in front of al-Thawri while he was at the stone, and he said: Not trustworthy, nor reliable. He kept repeating this until he passed the tawaf.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 419]
أخبرنا أبو سعيد بن حسنويه، أخبرنا عبد الله بن محمد بن عيسى الخشاب، حدثنا أحمد بن مهدي، حدثنا إبراهيم بن أبي الليث قال: سمعت الأشجعي غير مرة قال: سأل رجل سفيان عن أبي حنيفة فقال: غير ثقة، ولا مأمون غير ثقة ولا مأمون، غير ثقة ولا مأمون.
[تاريخ بغداد - الجزء ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٩-٤٢٠]
Abu Said ibn Hasanwayh told us, Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Isa al-Khasshab told us, Ahmad ibn Mahdi told us, Ibrahim ibn Abi al-Layth said: I heard al-Ashja'i say several times: A man asked Sufyan about Abu Hanifa, and he said: Not trustworthy, nor reliable, not trustworthy, nor reliable, not trustworthy, nor reliable.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 419-420]
أخبرنا رضوان بن محمد بن الحسن الدينوري، حدثنا علي بن أحمد بن علي الهمذاني - بها - قال: حدثنا الفضل بن الفضل الكندي قال: سمعت الحسن بن صاحب يقول: سمعت أبا سلمة الفقيه يقول: سمعت عبد الرزاق يقول: ما كتبت عن أبي حنيفة إلا لأكثر به رجالي، وكان يروي عنه نيفا وعشرين حديثا.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٢٠]
We were informed by Ridwan bin Muhammad bin Al-Hassan Al-Dinouri, who informed us by Ali bin Ahmad bin Ali Al-Hamadhani - in that place - who said: Al-Fadl bin Al-Fadl Al-Kindi told us, who said: I heard Al-Hasan bin Sahib say: I heard Abu Salama the jurist say: I heard Abdul-Razzaq say: I never wrote from Abu Hanifa except to increase my chain of narrators.
And he (Abdul-Razzaq) narrated more than twenty hadiths from him.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 420]
أخبرنا العتيقي، أخبرنا يوسف بن أحمد الصيدلاني، حدثنا محمد بن عمرو العقيلي، حدثنا عبد الله بن أحمد قال: سمعت أبي يقول: حديث أبي حنيفة ضعيف، ورأيه ضعيف.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٢١]
We were informed by Al-‘Atiqi, who told us from Yusuf bin Ahmad Al-Saidlani, who narrated from Muhammad bin 'Amr Al-‘Uqayli, who narrated from Abdullah bin Ahmad, who said: I heard my father say: "The hadith of Abu Hanifa is weak, and his opinion is weak."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 421]
وأخبرنا العتيقي، حدثنا يوسف، حدثنا العقيلي، حدثنا سليمان بن داود العقيلي قال: سمعت أحمد بن الحسن الترمذي يقول: وأخبرنا عبيد الله بن عمر الواعظ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا عثمان بن جعفر بن محمد السبيعي، حدثنا الفريابي جعفر ابن محمد، حدثني أحمد بن الحسن الترمذي قال: سمعت أحمد بن حنبل يقول:
كان أبو حنيفة يكذب، لم يقل العتيقي - كان.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٢١]
We were informed by Al-‘Atiqi, who told us from Yusuf, who narrated from Al-‘Uqayli, who narrated from Sulayman bin Dawood Al-‘Uqayli, who said: I heard Ahmad bin Al-Hassan Al-Tirmidhi say.
And we were informed by Ubaidullah bin Umar Al-Wa'idh, from his father, who narrated from Uthman bin Ja'far bin Muhammad Al-Saba'i, who narrated from Al-Firyabi Ja'far bin Muhammad, who said: Ahmad bin Al-Hassan Al-Tirmidhi said: I heard Ahmad bin Hanbal say: "Abu Hanifa used to lie."
The narration of Al-'Atiqi did not include the wording "used to".
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 421]
أخبرنا القاضي أبو الطيب طاهر بن عبد الله المطيري، حدثنا علي بن إبراهيم البيضاوي، أخبرنا أحمد بن عبد الرحمن بن الجارود الرقي، حدثنا عباس بن محمد الدوري قال: سمعت يحيى بن معين يقول - وقال له رجل: أبو حنيفة كذاب - قال:
كان أبو حنيفة أنبل من أن يكذب، كان صدوقا إلا أن في حديثه ما في حديث الشيوخ.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٢١]
We were informed by the judge Abu Al-Tayib Tahir bin Abdullah Al-Mutairi, who told us from Ali bin Ibrahim Al-Baydawi, who narrated from Ahmad bin Abdul Rahman bin Al-Jaroud Al-Raqi, who narrated from Abbas bin Muhammad Al-Duri, who said: I heard Yahya bin Ma'een say - and a man said to him: "Abu Hanifa is a liar" - he replied: "Abu Hanifa was too noble to lie. He was truthful, but there are things in his narrations that are not found in others.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 421]
أخبرنا عبيد الله بن عمر الواعظ، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا محمد بن يونس الأزرق، حدثنا جعفر بن أبي عثمان قال: سمعت يحيى - وسألته عن أبي يوسف وأبي حنيفة - فقال: أبو يوسف أوثق منه في الحديث. قلت: فكان أبو حنيفة يكذب؟
قال: كان أنبل في نفسه من أن يكذب.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٢١]
We were informed by Ubaidullah bin Omar Al-Wa'iz, who told us from his father, who narrated from Muhammad bin Younis Al-Azraq, who narrated from Ja'far bin Abu Uthman, who said: I heard Yahya - and I asked him about Abu Yusuf and Abu Hanifa - he said: "Abu Yusuf is more trustworthy than him in narrating." I said: "So, did Abu Hanifa lie?" He replied: "He was too noble to lie."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 421]
أخبرنا ابن رزق، أخبرنا هبة الله بن محمد بن حبش الفراء، حدثنا محمد ابن عثمان بن أبي شيبة قال: سمعت يحيى بن معين - وسئل عن أبي حنيفة - فقال: كان يضعف في الحديث.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٢٢]
Ibn Rizq told us, Hibatullah bin Muhammad bin Habash Al-Farra told us, Muhammad bin Uthman bin Abi Shaybah told us: I heard Yahya bin Ma'een – and he was asked about Abu Hanifa – and he said: "He was weak in hadith."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 422]
أخبرنا أحمد بن عبد الله الأنماطي، أخبرنا محمد بن المظفر، أخبرنا علي ابن أحمد بن سليمان المقرئ، حدثنا أحمد بن سعد بن أبي مريم قال: وسألته - يعني يحيى بن معين - عن أبي حنيفة فقال: لا تكتب حديثه.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٢٢]
Ahmad bin Abdullah Al-Anmati told us, Muhammad bin Al-Mudhafar told us, Ali bin Ahmad bin Suleiman Al-Muqri told us, Ahmad bin Saad bin Abi Maryam said: And I asked him – meaning Yahya bin Ma'een – about Abu Hanifa, and he said: "Do not write his hadith."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 422]
أخبرني علي بن محمد المالكي، أخبرنا عبد الله بن عثمان الصفار، أخبرنا محمد بن عمران الصيرفي، حدثنا عبد الله بن علي بن عبد الله المديني قال:
وسألته - يعني أباه - عن أبي حنيفة صاحب الرأي، فضعفه جدا، وقال: لو كان بين يدي ما سألته عن شئ، وروى خمسين حديثا أخطأ فيها.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٢٢]
Ali bin Muhammad Al-Maliki told me, Abdullah bin Uthman Al-Saffar told us, Muhammad bin Imran Al-Sayrafi told us, Abdullah bin Ali bin Abdullah Al-Madini said: And I asked him – meaning his father – about Abu Hanifa, Sahib al-Raiyy, and he weakened him greatly, and said: "If he were in front of me, I wouldn't ask him about anything," and he (Abu Hanifa) narrated fifty hadiths in which he made mistakes.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 422]
أخبرني عبد الله بن يحيى السكري، أخبرنا أبو بكر الشافعي، حدثنا جعفر بن محمد بن الأزهر، حدثنا ابن الغلابي قال: أبو حنيفة ضعيف.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٢٢]
Abdullah bin Yahya Al-Sukkari told me, Abu Bakr Al-Shafi'i told us, Ja'far bin Muhammad bin Al-Azhar told us, Ibn Al-Ghalabi said: "Abu Hanifa is weak."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 422]
أخبرنا ابن الفضل، أخبرنا عثمان بن أحمد الدقاق، حدثنا سهل بن أحمد الواسطي، حدثنا أبو حفص عمرو بن علي قال: وأبو حنيفة النعمان بن ثابت صاحب الرأي ليس بالحافظ مضطرب الحديث، واهي الحديث، وصاحب هوى.
[تاريخ بغداد - المجلد ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٢٢-٤٢٣]
Ibn Al-Fadl told us, 'Uthman bin Ahmad Al-Daqaq told us, Sahl bin Ahmad Al-Wasiti told us, Abu Hafs Amr bin Ali said: "Abu Hanifa Al-Nu'man bin Thabit, Sahib al-Raiyy, is not a memorizer, his hadiths are inconsistent, weak in hadith, Sahib al-Hawaa."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 422-423]
أخبرنا عبد العزيز بن أحمد الكتاني، حدثنا عبد الوهاب بن جعفر الميداني قال:
حدثنا عبد الجبار بن عبد الصمد السلمي، حدثنا القاسم بن عيسى العصار، حدثنا إبراهيم بن يعقوب الجوزجاني قال: أبو حنيفة لا تتبع لحديث ولا رأيه.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٢٣]
Abd al-Aziz bin Ahmad Al-Kattani told us, Abdul Wahab bin Ja'far Al-Midani said: He told us, Abdul Jabbar bin Abdul Samad Al-Sulami told us, Al-Qasim bin Isa Al-Assar told us, Ibrahim bin Ya'qub Al-Juzajani said: "Do not follow Abu Hanifa's hadith nor his opinion."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 423]
٩٥ - أبو حنيفة لا يقنع بحديثه ولا برأيه
[ص117 - كتاب أحوال الرجال]
Al-Juzajani said: "Abu Hanifa, not satisfied with his Hadith, nor with his opinion."
[Al-Ahwaal al-Rijaal - Al-Juzajani - Page 117]
أخبرنا أبو عمر عبد الواحد بن محمد بن عبد الله بن مهدي البزاز، أخبرنا أبو بكر محمد بن أحمد بن يعقوب بن شيبة، حدثنا جدي قال: أبو حنيفة النعمان بن ثابت صدوق ضعيف الحديث.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٢٣]
Abu Omar Abdul Wahid bin Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Mahdi Al-Bazzaz told us, Abu Bakr Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Ya'qub bin Shaybah told us, my grandfather told us: "Abu Hanifa Al-Nu'man bin Thabit is truthful, but weak in hadith."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 423]
أخبرنا أبو حازم العبدوي قال: سمعت محمد بن عبد الله الجوزقي يقول: قرىء على مكي بن عبدان - وأنا أسمع - قيل له: سمعت مسلم بن الحجاج يقول: أبو حنيفة النعمان بن ثابت صاحب الرأي مضطرب الحديث، ليس له كبير حديث صحيح؟
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٢٣]
Abu Hazim Al-Abdawi told us: I heard Muhammad bin Abdullah Al-Jawziqi say: It was read to Maki bin Abd'an – and I was listening – and he said: Muslim bin Al-Hajjaj (Imam Muslim) said: "Abu Hanifa Al-Nu'man bin Thabit, Sahib al-Raiyy, he confuses narrations, and he does not have many authentic hadiths."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 423]
فَأَما رِوَايَة أبي سِنَان عَن عَلْقَمَة فِي متن هَذَا الحَدِيث اذ قَالَ فِيهِ ان جِبْرِيل عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام حَيْثُ قَالَ جِئْت أَسأَلك عَن شرائع الاسلام فَهَذِهِ زِيَادَة مُخْتَلفَة لَيست من الْحُرُوف بسبيل وانما أَدخل هَذَا الْحَرْف فِي رِوَايَة هَذَا الحَدِيث شرذمة زِيَادَة فِي الْحَرْف مثل ضرب النُّعْمَان بن ثَابت وَسَعِيد بن سِنَان وَمن يجاري الارجاء نَحْوهمَا وانما أَرَادوا بذلك تصويبا فِي قَوْله فِي الايمان وتعقيد الارجاء ذَلِك مَا لم يزدْ قَوْلهم الا وَهنا وَعَن الْحق الا بعدا اذ زادوا فِي رِوَايَة الاخبار مَا كفى بِأَهْل الْعلم وَالدَّلِيل على مَا قُلْنَا من ادخالهم الزِّيَادَة فِي هَذَا الْخَبَر أَن عَطاء بن السَّائِب وسُفْيَان روياه عَن عَلْقَمَة فَقَالَا قَالَ يَا رَسُول الله مَا الاسلام وعَلى ذَلِك رِوَايَة النَّاس بعد مثل سُلَيْمَان ومطر وكهمس ومحارب وَعُثْمَان وحسين بن حسن وَغَيرهم من الْحفاظ كلهم يَحْكِي فِي رِوَايَته أَن جِبْرِيل عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام قَالَ يَا مُحَمَّد مَا الاسلام وَلم يقل مَا شرائع الاسلام كَمَا رَوَت المرجئة
[ص200-199 - كتاب التمييز لمسلم]
Imam Muslim said:
"As for the narration of Abu Sinan from Alqamah in the wording of this hadith — where he said that Jibril (peace be upon him) said, “I came to ask you about the laws of Islam” — this is an altered addition that has nothing to do with the actual phrasing of the hadith.
This wording was inserted into the narration by a small faction known for adding such phrases — like Al-Nu‘man ibn Thabit (Abu Hanifa), Sa‘id ibn Sinan, and those who follow their path in Irja.
Their intent behind this was to support their stance on the definition of faith (iman) and to complicate the concept of Irja. But their additions only made their argument weaker and took them further from the truth, as they tampered with the narration of reports in ways that scholars and people of evidence are already content with rejecting.
The proof of what we say — that they inserted this addition into the hadith — is that ‘Ata ibn al-Sa’ib and Sufyan narrated it from Alqamah and both said: “He (Jibril) said: O Messenger of Allah, what is Islam?”
And this is how it has been narrated by all others after them, such as Sulaiman, Matir, Kahmas, Muharib, ‘Uthman, Husayn ibn Hasan, and others among the hadith masters. All of them narrate that Jibril (peace be upon him) said: “O Muhammad, what is Islam?” — and none of them said “What are the laws of Islam” as the Murjiah narrated.
[Kitab al-Tameez - Imam Muslim - Page 199-200]
Here we see Imam Muslim providing an example where Abu Hanifa confused the matn of a Hadith. He narrated that Jibril asked the Prophet about the laws of Islam, whilst the correct wording should have been "what is Islam".
We can also see that Imam Muslim called Abu Hanifa a Murji, and this was known among the Salaf Saliheen. Nobody denied this, except those who are fanatic about Abu Hanifa and try their best to remove any filth from Abu Hanifa.
But we say, may Allah forgive Abu Hanifa for his Irja and have mercy upon him. This is the approach of scholars like Imam Shafi'i and many others, who have prayed for the same for Abu Hanifa.
أخبرنا البرقاني، أخبرنا أحمد بن سعيد بن سعد، حدثنا عبد الكريم بن أحمد بن شعيب النسائي، حدثنا أبي قال: أبو حنيفة النعمان بن ثابت كوفي ليس بالقوي في الحديث.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٢٣]
Al-Barqani told us, Ahmad bin Said bin Sa'd told us, Abdul Karim bin Ahmad bin Shu'ayb Al-Nasa'i told us, my father said: "Abu Hanifa Al-Nu'man bin Thabit, from Kufa, is not strong in hadith."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 423]
أخبرني الخلال، حدثنا محمد بن بكران، حدثنا محمد بن مخلد، حدثنا حماد بن أبي عمر، حدثنا أبو نعيم قال: سمعت أبا حنيفة يقول لأبي يوسف: لا ترو عني شيئا، فإني والله ما أدري أمخطىء أنا أم مصيب.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٣]
Al-Khallal informed me, Muhammad bin Bakran narrated to us, Muhammad bin Mukhallad narrated to us, Hamad bin Abi Umar narrated to us, Abu Nu'aym said: I heard Abu Hanifa say to Abu Yusuf: "Do not narrate anything from me, for by Allah, I do not know if I am mistaken or correct."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 403]
أخبرني الحسن بن أبي طالب، حدثنا عبيد الله بن محمد بن حبابة، حدثنا عبد الله بن محمد البغوي، حدثنا ابن المقرئ، حدثنا أبي قال: سمعت أبا حنيفة يقول: ما رأيت أفضل من عطاء، وعامة ما أحدثكم به خطأ.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٣]
Al-Hasan bin Abi Talib informed me, Ubayd Allah bin Muhammad bin Hababah narrated to us, 'Abdullah bin Muhammad al-Baghawi narrated to us, Ibn al-Muqri narrated to us, my father said: I heard Abu Hanifa say: "I have not seen anyone better than 'Ata. And most of what I tell you is khata (incorrect)."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 403]
أخبرني ابن الفضل، أخبرنا دعلج بن أحمد، أخبرنا أحمد بن علي الأبار، حدثنا محمود بن غيلان، حدثنا ابن المقرئ قال: سمعت أبا حنيفة يقول: عامة ما أحدثكم به خطأ.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٣]
Ibn al-Fadl informed us, Da'laj bin Ahmad narrated to us, Ahmad bin Ali al-Abar narrated to us, Mahmoud bin Ghaylan narrated to us, Ibn al-Muqri said: I heard Abu Hanifa say: "Most of what I narrate to you is incorrect."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 403]
أخبرنا ابن رزق، أخبرنا عثمان بن أحمد، حدثنا حنبل، حدثنا الحميدي، حدثنا وكيع، حدثنا أبو حنيفة إنه سمع عطاء - إن كان سمعه -.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٣]
Ibn Rizq informed us, Osman bin Ahmad narrated to us, Hanbal narrated to us, al-Humaydi narrated to us, Waki' narrated to us that Abu Hanifa heard from 'Ata, if he indeed heard from him."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 403]
أخبرنا ابن دوما، حدثنا نعيم بن حماد، حدثنا سفيان بن عيينة قال: قدمت الكوفة، فحدثتهم عن عمرو بن دينار عن جابر بن زيد - يعني حديث ابن عباس - فقالوا: إن أبا حنيفة يذكر هذا عن جابر بن عبد الله قال: قلت: لا، إنما هو جابر بن زيد. قال: فذكروا ذلك لأبي حنيفة فقال: لا تبالون، إن شئتم صيروه عن جابر بن عبد الله، وإن شئتم صيروه عن جابر بن زيد.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٣]
Ibn Douma narrated to us, saying: Nu'aym ibn Hammad ⓘ narrated to us, saying: Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah said: "I arrived in Kufa, and I told them about 'Amr ibn Dinar from Jabir ibn Zayd," meaning the hadith of Ibn Abbas. They said: "Abu Hanifa mentions this from Jabir ibn Abdullah." I replied: "No, it is from Jabir ibn Zayd." They then mentioned this to Abu Hanifa, and he said: "Do not worry. If you wish, you can attribute it to Jabir ibn Abdullah, or if you wish, you can attribute it to Jabir ibn Zayd."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 393]
Though Ibn Douma did not hear directly from Nu'aym ibn Hammad, this narration is correct. As it is backed up by the narration in Kitab al-Sunnah of Abdullah ibn Ahmad.
Abu Hanifa would have thought that 'Jabir ibn Abdullah' and 'Jabir ibn Zayd' refer to the same person, or that he thought they are different persons but is uncertain which of the two narrated it.
٤٠٢ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، قَالَ «كَانَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ مُرْجِئًا وَكَانَ مِنَ الدُّعَاةِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ فِي الْحَدِيثِ بِشَيْءٍ وَصَاحِبُهُ أَبُو يُوسُفَ لَيْسَ بِهِ بَأْسٌ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٦]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu al-Fadl narrated to me, saying: "Yahya ibn Ma'een said: 'Abu Hanifa was a Murji' and was one of its callers, and he is nothing in hadith. His companion, Abu Yusuf, is alright.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 226]
The Salaf Saliheen disagreed with many views Abu Hanifa held in Fiqh. This is normal, as the Fuqaha disagreed with one another.
However, Abu Hanifa was heavily criticized, because he also used to be excessive in Raiyy and would (in the view from a major group of Ahl al-Hadith) dismiss the authentic narrations.
We say, Abu Hanifa did not dismiss authentic narrations, rather, he would follow the customs of Kufah, just like Imam Malik did with Madinah. And besides that, Abu Hanifa would regard authentic narrations to be inauthentic, so he did not intentionally go against the Sunnah.
أخبرني الحسن بن أبي طالب، أخبرنا محمد بن نصر بن أحمد بن نصر ابن لمك، حدثنا أبو الحسن علي بن إبراهيم النجاد - من لفظه - أخبرنا محمد ابن المسيب، حدثنا أبو هبيرة الدمشقي، حدثنا أبو مسهر، حدثنا خالد بن يزيد بن أبي مالك قال: أحل أبو حنيفة الزنا، وأحل الربا، وأهدر الدماء، فسأله رجل: ما تفسير هذا؟ فقال أما تحليل الربا فقال: درهم وجوزة بدرهمين نسيئة لا بأس به، وأما الدماء فقال: لو أن رجلا ضرب رجلا بحجر عظيم فقتله كان على العاقلة ديته، ثم تكلم في شئ من النحو فلم يحسنه، ثم قال: لو ضربه بأبا قبيس كان على العاقلة، قال وأما تحليل الزنا فقال: لو أن رجلا وامرأة أصيبا في بيت وهما معروفا الأبوين، فقالت المرأة: هو زوجي، وقال هو: هي امرأتي لم أعرض لهما. قال أبو الحسن النجاد: وفي هذا إبطال الشرائع والأحكام.
[تاريخ بغداد - المجلد ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٣-٤١٤]
Hassan ibn Abi Talib narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Nasr ibn Ahmad ibn Nasr ibn Lamk narrated to us, Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Ibrahim al-Najad - from his own words - narrated to us, Muhammad ibn al-Musayyib narrated to us, Abu Hubayrah al-Dimashqi narrated to us, Abu Mahrir narrated to us:
Khalid ibn Yazid ibn Abi Malik said: "Abu Hanifa permitted zina, permitted riba, and disregarded bloodshed.
A man asked him: What is the explanation of this? He said, as for permitting riba: 'A dirham and a nut for two dirhams on credit is not a problem.'
As for bloodshed, he said: 'If a man strikes another with a large stone and kills him, the blood money would be on the family (al-‘Aqilah).'
Then he spoke about something related to grammar, but didn’t explain it well, and said: 'If he struck him with Abu Qubays (a mountain), the blood money would still be on the family.'
As for permitting zina, he said: 'If a man and a woman were found in a house together, and both were of known parentage (i.e., not of unknown or questionable lineage), and the woman said: 'He is my husband,' and the man said: 'She is my wife,' I would not take any action against them.'
Abu al-Hasan al-Najad said: 'In this, there is a nullification of laws and judgments.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 413-414]
These are the own words of Khalid ibn Yazid. He is not to be relied upon as a narrator. But this narration is taken, as he speaks himself and does not narrate anything from someone else.
The content of his words are to be verified and analysed, not to be taken just because he says it.
أخبرنا ابن رزق، حدثنا عثمان بن أحمد الدقاق، حدثنا محمد بن إسماعيل الرقي، حدثني أحمد بن سنان بن أسد القطان قال: سمعت الشافعي يقول:
ما شبهت رأي أبي حنيفة إلا بخيط السحارة يمد كذا فيجئ أخضر، ويمد كذا فيجئ أصفر.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٢]
Ibn Rizq narrated to us, ‘Uthman ibn Ahmad al-Daqqaq narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Isma‘il al-Raqqi narrated to us, Ahmad ibn Sinan ibn Asad al-Qattan narrated to me, saying: I heard al-Shafi‘i say:
"I have not likened Abu Hanifa’s opinion to anything except the magician’s thread—when pulled one way, it appears green, and when pulled another way, it appears yellow."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 412]
Meaning, it can understood in different ways. So one might think Abu Hanifa said something while he infact did not intend it that way.
حَدَّثَنَا حَاتِمُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحُمَيْدِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ، يَقُولُ: كُنْتُ جَالِسًا عِنْدَ رَقَبَةِ بْنِ مُصْقَلٍ , فَرَأَى نَاسًا مُحَفِّلِينَ , قَالَ: مِنْ أَيْنَ؟ قَالُوا مِنْ عِنْدِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ , فَقَالَ: إِنَّهُ يُمَكِّنُهُمْ مِنْ رَأْيِ مَا مَضَغُوا , وَيَنْقَلِبُونَ إِلَى أَهْلِيهِمْ بِغَيْرِ فِقْهٍ.
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
Hatim ibn Mansur narrated to us, al-Humaydi told us: I heard Sufyan say: I was sitting by the side of Raqabah ibn Musqal when I saw some people who were gathering in a group. He asked: 'Where are they from?' They said: 'From Abu Hanifa.' He said: 'He allows them to hold views that they haven’t digested, and they return to their families without any real understanding.'
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
حدثني أبي قال حدثنا مؤمل بن إسماعيل قال سمعت حماد بن سلمة يقول وذكر أبا حنيفة فقال إن أبا حنيفة استقبل الآثار والسنن يردها برأيه
[العلل - أحمد بن حنبل - ج ٢ - الصفحة ٥٤٥]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
My father narrated to me, saying: Mu’ammal ibn Isma‘il narrated to us, saying: I heard Hammad ibn Salamah mention Abu Hanifa, and he said: "Indeed, Abu Hanifa confronted the traditions and the Sunnah, rejecting them with his own opinion."
[Al-'Ilal - Imam Ahmad - Volume 2 - Page 545]
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: قَالَ رَقَبَةُ لِلْقَاسِمِ ابن مَعْنٍ: أَيْنَ تَذْهَبُ؟ قَالَ: إِلَى أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ. قَالَ: يُمَكِّنُكَ مِنْ رَأْيِ مَا مَضَغْتَ وَتَرْجِعُ الى أهلك بغير فقه.
[المعرفة والتاريخ - الفسوي - المجلد ٢ - الصفحة ٧٩٠]
Al-Fassawi mentioned:
Mohammad ibn Abi 'Umar said: Sufyan (ibn 'Uyaynah) said: Raqabah said to Al-Qasim ibn Ma'n: 'Where are you going?' He replied: 'To Abu Hanifa.' Raqabah said: 'He will give you an opinion that you have not fully understood, and you will return to your family without proper understanding.'"
[Al-Ma'rifah wal-Tarikh - Al-Fassawi - Volume 2 - Page 790]
Al-Qasim ibn Ma'n (great-grandson of Ibn Mas'ud) was one of the proponents of Abu Hanifa's madhab. He studied under him and accepted him. He even invited others to join, and said that they would not regret it.
وأخبرني أبو بشر الوكيل وأبو الفتح الضبي قالا: أخبرنا عمر بن أحمد، حدثنا الحسين بن أحمد بن صدقة الفرائضي - وهذا لفظ حديثه - حدثنا أحمد بن أبي خيثمة، حدثنا سليمان بن أبي شيخ، حدثني حجر بن عبد الجبار قال: قيل للقاسم بن معن بن عبد الرحمن بن عبد الله بن مسعود: ترضى أن تكون من غلمان أبي حنيفة. قال: ما جلس الناس إلى أحد أنفع من مجالسة أبي حنيفة. وقال له القاسم:
تعال معي إليه، فجاء فلما جلس إليه لزمه. وقال: ما رأيت مثل هذا. زاد الفرائضي:
قال سليمان: وكان أبو حنيفة ورعا سخيا.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٣٨]
Abu Bishr al-Wakil and Abu al-Fath al-Dhabi narrated to me, saying: ‘Umar ibn Ahmad narrated to us, saying: Al-Husayn ibn Ahmad ibn Sadaqah al-Faraaidi narrated to us—and this is the wording of his narration—saying:
Ahmad ibn Abi Khaythamah narrated to us, saying: Sulayman ibn Abi Shaykh narrated to us, saying: Hujr ibn ‘Abd al-Jabbar narrated to me:
It was said to al-Qasim ibn Ma‘n ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn ‘Abdullah ibn Mas‘ud, "Do you accept being one of Abu Hanifa’s students?" He replied, "No one has ever sat with someone more beneficial than sitting with Abu Hanifa."
Al-Qasim then said to him, "Come with me to him." So he went, and when he sat with Abu Hanifa, he remained attached to him, saying, "I have never seen anyone like this." Al-Faraaidi added: Sulayman said, "Abu Hanifa was pious and generous."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 338]
حدثني احمد بن يحي بْنُ عُثْمَانَ قَالَ: قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ سَمِعْتُهُ يَذْكُرُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كُنْتُ أُجَالِسُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَنْتَقِلُ فِي مَسْأَلَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ فِي يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ بِخَمْسَةِ أَقَاوِيلَ فَقُمْتُ فَتَرَكْتُهُ وَطَلَبْتُ الْحَدِيثَ.
[المعرفة والتاريخ - الفسوي - الجزء ٢ - الصفحة ٧٨٩]
Al-Fassawi mentioned:
Ahmad ibn Yahya ibn 'Uthman told me: 'Umar ibn Hafs ibn Ghayath said: I heard him mention from his father, who said: I used to sit with Abu Hanifah, and I heard him change his opinion on a single issue five times in one day. So I stood up, left him, and sought the hadith."
[Al-Ma'rifah wal-Tarikh - Al-Fassawi - Volume 2 - Page 789]
٤٠٤ - حُدِّثْتُ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ رَبِّهِ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ وَكِيعَ بْنَ الْجَرَّاحِ، حِينَ قَدِمَ عَلَيْنَا حِمْصَ سَنَةَ ثَلَاثٍ وَتِسْعِينَ يَقُولُ: " إِيَّاكُمْ وَرَأْيَ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: قَبْلَ أَنْ نَأْخُذَ فِي الْقِيَاسِ، الْبَوْلُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ أَحْسَنُ مِنْ بَعْضِ الْقِيَاسِ "
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٧]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
I was narrated to that Yazid ibn Abd Rabbihi said: "I heard Waki' ibn al-Jarrah, when he came to us in Hims in the year 93, saying: 'Beware of the opinion of Abu Hanifa, for I heard him say: 'Before we engage in Qiyas, urinating in the mosque is better than some of the Qiyas.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 227]
Wakīʿ is reminding people to be mindful of Abu Hanifa's use of Qiyas. For Abū Ḥanīfah himself warned against the misuse of Qiyās.
This shows that Abu Hanifa did not approve of every form of Qiyas. There is blameworthy and correct qiyas. If it does not go against Islam, then it is correct qiyas. And urinating in the mosque is better than using blameworthy Qiyas.
Waki' was not fanatic about anyone, so he would advise people to be wary in following the opinion of Abu Hanifa, as he could make mistakes, and could practise blameworthy Qiyas.
ثنا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ ثنا سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: كُنَّا عِنْدَ رُؤْبَةَ، فَأَبْصَرَ النَّاسَ وَقَدِ انجفلوا فَقَالَ: مِنْ أَيْنَ؟ فَقَالَ: مِنْ عِنْدِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ. قَالَ: هِيهْ يُمْكِنُهُمْ مِنْ رَأْيِ مَا مَضَغُوا وَيَنْقَلِبُوا إِلَى أَهَالِيهِمْ بِغَيْرِ ثِقَةٍ.
[المعرفة والتاريخ - الفسوي - الجزء ٢ - الصفحة ٧٧٩]
Al-Fassawi mentioned:
Abu Bakr al-Humaydi narrated to us, saying: Sufyan said: "We were with Robah when he noticed people dispersing in a rush. He asked, 'Where are they coming from?' They replied, 'From Abu Hanifa.' He said, 'Oh! He provides them with opinions that they haven't fully understood, and they return to their families without certainty or trust.'"
[Al-Ma'rifah wal-Tarikh - Al-Fassawi - Volume 2 - Page 779]
«حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ثنا أَبُو مُسْهِرٍ عَنْ مُزَاحِمِ بْنِ زُفَرَ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي حَنِيفَةَ: يَا أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ هَذَا الَّذِي [تُفْتِي وَالَّذِي وَضَعْتَ فِي كُتُبِكَ] هُوَ الْحَقُّ الَّذِي لَا شَكَّ فِيهِ؟ فَقَالَ: وَاللَّهِ مَا أَدْرِي لَعَلَّهُ الْبَاطِلُ الَّذِي لَا شَكَّ فِيهِ».
[المعرفة والتاريخ - الفسوي - الجزء ٢ - الصفحة ٧٨٢]
Al-Fassawi mentioned:
‘Abdul-Rahman ibn Ibrahim narrated to us: Abu Mushar narrated from Muzahim ibn Zufar, who said:
I said to Abu Hanifa, "O Abu Hanifa, this which you issue fatwas on and what you have written in your books—is it the undeniable truth without doubt?"
He replied, "By Allah, I do not know; perhaps it is the falsehood that is without doubt."
[Al-Ma'rifah wal-Tarikh - Al-Fassawi - Volume 2 - Page 782]
سمعت ابن حماد يقول: قال السعدي لا يقنع بحديثه ولا برأيه يعني أبا حنيفة.
[الكامل - عبد الله بن عدي - ج ٧ - الصفحة ٧]
Ibn 'Adiy mentioned:
I heard Ibn Hamad say: Al-Sa'di said, "His Hadith or opinion does not suffice," referring to Abu Hanifa.
[Al-Kaamil - Ibn 'Adiy - Volume 7 - Page 7]
أخبرني عبد الباقي بن عبد الكريم بن عمر المؤدب، أخبرنا عبد الرحمن بن عمر الخلال، حدثنا محمد بن أحمد بن يعقوب، حدثنا جدي قال: حدثني أحمد بن سهل قال: سمعت يحيى بن أيوب قال: سمعت يزيد بن هارون ذكر أبا حنيفة فقال: أبو حنيفة رجل من الناس، خطؤه كخطأ الناس وصوابه كصواب الناس.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٦٦]
Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rizq narrated to us, Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn Ja‘far ibn Muhammad ibn Sallam al-Khatli narrated to us, saying: Abu al-‘Abbas Ahmad ibn ‘Ali ibn Muslim al-Abbar dictated to us—in the month of Jumada al-Akhirah of the year 288 AH—saying:
Among those who refuted Abu Hanifa were:
Ayyub al-Sakhtiyani, Jarir ibn Hazim, Hammam ibn Yahya, Hammad ibn Salamah, Hammad ibn Zayd, Abu ‘Awanah, ‘Abd al-Warith, Suwar al-‘Anbari the judge, Yazid ibn Zuray‘, ‘Ali ibn ‘Asim, Malik ibn Anas, Ja‘far ibn Muhammad, ‘Umar ibn Qays, Abu ‘Abd al-Rahman al-Muqri’, Sa‘id ibn ‘Abd al-‘Aziz, al-Awza‘i, ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Mubarak, Abu Ishaq al-Fazari, Yusuf ibn Asbat, Muhammad ibn Jabir, Sufyan al-Thawri, Sufyan ibn ‘Uyaynah, Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman, Ibn Abi Layla, Hafs ibn Ghiyath, Abu Bakr ibn ‘Ayyash, Sharik ibn ‘Abd Allah, Waki‘ ibn al-Jarrah, Raqabah ibn Masqalah, al-Fadl ibn Musa, ‘Isa ibn Yunus, al-Hajjaj ibn Arta’ah, Malik ibn Mighwal, al-Qasim ibn Habib, and Ibn Shabramah.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 366]
Most of these scholars of known to be from Ahl al-Hadith, and they were strict against anyone who expressed a different opinion to what they regarded as authentic from the narrations.
Abu Hanifa was known to interpret narrations according to his understanding, seeming to contradict the narration, or reject it. And he would also regard many authentic narrations to be inauthentic, which made many say that he goes against the Sunnah.
And besides that, he held the opinion of the Murjiah in belief. He believes Iman does not increase nor decrease, and that actions are not an integral part of Iman.
أخبرني عبد الباقي بن عبد الكريم بن عمر المؤدب، أخبرنا عبد الرحمن بن عمر الخلال، حدثنا محمد بن أحمد بن يعقوب، حدثنا جدي قال: حدثني أحمد بن سهل قال: سمعت يحيى بن أيوب قال: سمعت يزيد بن هارون ذكر أبا حنيفة فقال: أبو حنيفة رجل من الناس، خطؤه كخطأ الناس وصوابه كصواب الناس.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٦٦]
‘Abd al-Baqi ibn ‘Abd al-Karim ibn ‘Umar al-Mu’addib narrated to me, ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn ‘Umar al-Khallal narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Ya‘qub narrated to us, my grandfather narrated to us, saying: Ahmad ibn Sahl narrated to me, saying: I heard Yahya ibn Ayyub say: I heard Yazid ibn Harun mention Abu Hanifa and say: "Abu Hanifa is a man among the people; his errors are like the errors of the people, and his correctness is like the correctness of the people."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 366]
Meaning, Abu Hanifa is not perfect, nor should one expect him to be. He definitely makes mistakes at times, and he can definitely be correct at times.
قال ونا أبو علي أحمد بن عثمان الأصبهاني قال نا إبراهيم بن سليمان قال نا كامل بن عبد ربه قال ونا محمد بن موسى العطار قال نا موسى بن هارون الحمال قال بلغني أن قتادة قدم الكوفة فجلس في مجلس له وقال سلوني عن سنن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم حتى أجيبكم فقال جماعة لأبي حنيفة قم اليه فسله فقام اليه فقال له ما تقول يا أبا الخطاب في رجل غاب عن أهله فتزوجت امرأته ثم قدم زوجها الأول فدخل عليها وقال يا زانية تزوجت وأنا حي ثم دخل زوجها الثاني فقال لها تزوجت يا زانية ولك زوج كيف اللعان فقال قتادة قد وقع هذا فقال له أبو حنيفة وان لم يقع نستعد له فقال له قتادة لا اجيبكم في شئ من هذا سلوني عن القرآن فقال له أبو حنيفة ما تقول في قوله عز وجل * (قال الذي عنده علم من الكتاب أنا آتيك به) * من هو قال قتادة هذا رجل من ولد عم سليمان بن داود كان يعرف اسم الله الأعظم فقال أبو حنيفة أكان سليمان يعلم ذلك الاسم قال لا قال سبحان الله ويكون بحضرة نبي من الأنبياء من هو أعلم منه قال قتادة لا اجيبكم في شئ من التفسير سلوني عما اختلف الناس فيه فقال له أبو حنيفة امؤمن أنت قال أرجو قال له أبو حنيفة فهلا قلت كما قال إبراهيم فيما حكى الله عنه حين قال له * (أو لم تؤمن قال بلى) * قال قتادة خذوا بيدي والله لا دخلت هذا البلد ابدا
[الانتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - الصفحة ١٥٦-١٥٧]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
Abu Ya'qub narrated from Abu Ali Ahmad ibn Osman al-Isfahani, from Ibrahim ibn Suleiman, from Kamil ibn Abdul-Rahman, from Muhammad ibn Musa al-Attar, from Musa ibn Harun al-Hammal:
It reached me that Qatadah came to Kufa, sat in a gathering, and said, "Ask me about the traditions of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, until I answer you."
A group of people said to Abu Hanifa, "Go to him and ask him." He went to him and said, "What do you say, Abu al-Khattab (Qatada), about a man who was absent from his family, and his wife remarried, then the first husband returned and entered upon her, saying, 'O adulteress, you married while I was alive,' and then the second husband entered, saying, 'You married, O adulteress, while you already had a husband. What is the ruling on li'an (cursing) in this case?"
Qatadah replied, "This situation has occurred?" Abu Hanifah responded, "Even if it not yet happened, we should prepare ourselves for it."
Qatadah said, "I will not answer you regarding any of this. Ask me about the Quran."
Abu Hanifah then asked, "What do you say about the verse of Allah, the Most High, 'The one who had knowledge of the Scripture said, 'I will bring it to you.' Who is this person?" Qatadah replied, "He is a man from the family of Solomon, the son of David, who knew the name of Allah’s greatest name." Abu Hanifah asked, "Did Solomon know this name?" Qatadah replied, "No." Abu Hanifah said, "Glory be to Allah! How could there be someone present with a prophet who is more knowledgeable than him?" Qatadah replied, "I will not answer you regarding any interpretation. Ask me about the matters on which people differ."
Abu Hanifah then asked, "Are you a believer?" Qatadah responded, "I hope so." Abu Hanifa replied, "Why didn’t you say as Ibrahim, upon him be peace, said when Allah mentioned it about him, *'Do you then not believe?' He said, 'Yes, I believed.'" Qatadah said, "Take my hand, by Allah, I will never enter this town again."
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Thalatha al-Aimmah al-Fuqahaa - Page 156-157]
Here we see how Qatada differed with Abu Hanifa on some major aspects. He first differed with him in not answering questions that have not yet occured. Abu Hanifa was of the view that one should prepare for such an event.
Abu Hanifa also asked Qatada about the matter related to Iman, whether one could call himself a Mumin. Qatada follows Ahl Sunnah in this by saying "I hope so."
Qatada did not deal with Abu Hanifa's deviance of Irja. And that is also from the way of the Salaf Saliheen. It is a stance of cautionesness and reservedness.
The way of Ahl Sunnah is as Sufyan al-Thawri said:
أخبرنا الحسين بن محمد بن الحسن أخو الخلال، أخبرنا جبريل بن محمد المعدل - بهمذان - حدثنا محمد بن حيويه النخاس، حدثنا محمود بن غيلان، حدثنا وكيع قال: سمعت الثوري يقول: نحن المؤمنون، وأهل القبلة عندنا مؤمنون، في المناكحة، والمواريث، والصلاة، والإقرار، ولنا ذنوب ولا ندري ما حالنا عند الله؟ قال وكيع، وقال أبو حنيفة: من قال بقول سفيان هذا فهو عندنا شاك، نحن المؤمنون هنا وعند الله حقا، قال وكيع: ونحن نقول بقول سفيان، وقول أبي حنيفة عندنا جرأة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٦٧]
Al-Husayn ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hasan, the brother of al-Khallal, narrated to us, saying: Jibreel ibn Muhammad al-Muaddil in Hamadhan narrated to us, saying: Muhammad ibn Haywayh al-Nakhas narrated to us, saying: Mahmoud ibn Ghaylan narrated to us, saying: Waki' narrated to us, saying:
I heard al-Thawri say: "We (Ahl Sunnah) and Ahl al-Qiblah (the Muslim Ummah including the non-Kufri innovators) are Muminoon in terms of marriage, inheritance, prayer, and acknowledgment. However, we have sins, and we do not know what our status is with Allah."
Waki' said, "And Abu Hanifa said: Whoever says the words of Sufyan is, according to us, doubtful. We are Muminoon here and truly Muminoon with Allah."
Waki' said, "We follow the words of Sufyan, and the words of Abu Hanifa, according to us, show audacity."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 367]
Ahl Sunnah refrain from saying we are Muminoon with Allah, as that would imply that one has achieved perfect faith, and that it must mean that one will be admitted into Paradise automatically.
٣١٦ - حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمٌ، سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: «كُنْتُ أَجْلِسُ إِلَى أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ فَأَسْمَعُهُ يُفْتِي فِي الْمَسْأَلَةِ الْوَاحِدَةِ بِخَمْسَةِ أَقَاوِيلَ فِي الْيَوْمِ الْوَاحِدِ، فَلَمَّا رَأَيْتُ ذَلِكَ تَرَكْتُهُ وَأَقْبَلْتُ عَلَى الْحَدِيثِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٠٥]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ibrahim said: I heard Umar ibn Hafs ibn Giyath narrate from his father, who said: "I used to sit with Abu Hanifa and hear him give five different opinions on the same issue in a single day. When I saw that, I left him and turned to studying Hadith."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 205]
٣١٧ - حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ، حَدَّثَنِي عَمِّي، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: " رَأَيْتُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ فِي الْمَنَامِ فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّأْي، فَكَلَحَ فَقُلْتُ: " فَمَنْ قَالَ: حُذَيْفَةُ كَانَ شَحِيحًا عَلَى دِينِهِ وَذَكَرَ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ؟ "
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٠٦]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ibrahim said: My uncle narrated to me from his father, who said: "I saw Abu Hanifa in a dream and asked him about Raiyy, so he frowned. I then said, 'Who said that Hudhayfah was protective with his religion but instead mentioned Ibn Mas'ud?'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 206]
Abu Hanifa chose the approach of Ibn Mas'ud in using Raiyy over refraining from answering due to sole reliance on narrations, as was done by Hudhayfah.
In this narration, the dreamer challenges Abu Hanifa's choice for Raiyy over a more reserved and protective stance.
This reflects the broader debate in early Islamic jurisprudence about the proper balance between personal reasoning (raiyy) and strict adherence to hadith transmission.
أخبرنا أبو الوحش بن نسيم في كتابه قال: أخبرنا أبو القاسم علي بن الحسن قال: أخبرنا أبو محمد بن طاوس قال: أخبرنا أبو الغنائم بن أبي عثمان قال: أخبرنا أبو الحسين بن بشران قال: أخبرنا أبو علي بن صفوان قال: حدثنا ابن أبي الدنيا قال: حدثنا الحسين بن عمرو بن محمد قال: حدثنا زكريا بن عدي قال: سمعت حفص بن غياث يقول: رأيت أبا حنيفة في المنام فقلت له: أي الآراء وجدت أفضل وأحسن؟ قال: نعم الرأي رأي عبد الله، ووجدت حذيفة بن اليمان شحيحا على دينه
[بغيه الطلب في تاريخ حلب نویسنده : ابن العديم جلد : 5 صفحه : 2178]
Ibn al-'Adim mentioned:
Abu al-Wahsh Ibn Nasim informed us in his book, saying: Abu al-Qasim Ali ibn al-Hasan informed us, saying: Abu Muhammad ibn Tawus informed us, saying: Abu al-Ghanaaim ibn Abi Uthman informed us, saying: Abu al-Husayn ibn Bishran informed us, saying: Abu Ali ibn Safwan informed us, saying: Ibn Abi al-Dunyah narrated to us, saying: Al-Husayn ibn Amr ibn Muhammad narrated to us, saying: Zakariya ibn 'Adi narrated to us, saying: I heard Hafs ibn Ghiyath say:
"I saw Abu Hanifa in a dream, so I asked him: 'Which opinion did you find to be the best and most correct?' He replied: 'The best opinion is the opinion of Abdullah (ibn Mas'ud), and I found Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman to be protective of his religion.'"
[Bughyat al-Ṭalab fī Tārīkh Ḥalab - Ibn al-'Adim - Volume 5 - Page 2178]
Abu Hanifa preferred to speak up and not let anything unanswered, instead of being silent when he does not know any narration regarding the subject.
The Salaf Saliheen expressed their Raiyy, and they were not always as reserved as they wanted to stay.
Many from Ahl al-Hadith spoke against Abu Hanifa for his excessive use of Raiyy, as they regarded him to have disturbed the balance.
However, Abu Hanifa had a different approach, and he believed that it was better to do so in his circumstance. He expressed Raiyy due to the wide range of details he was asked about by the people in his city.
Abu Hanifa believed that not answering with his Raiyy would cause greater harm upon the people, as they would have no guideline on what to do when such situation occurred. Raiyy of a scholar is always better than Raiyy of a laymen.
But the Salaf Saliheen were against answering about situations that have not occurred yet. Abu Hanifa answered such questions, which made him use Raiyy a lot more.
٣١٤ - حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ، وَأَبُو أُسَامَةَ، قَالَا: مَرَّ رَجُلٌ عَلَى رَقَبَةَ قَالَ: " مِنْ أَيْنَ أَقْبَلْتَ؟ قَالَ: مِنْ عِنْدِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ قَالَ: «يُمْكِنُكَ مِنْ رَأْي مَا مَضَغْتَ وَتَرْجِعُ إِلَى أَهْلِكَ بِغَيْرِ ثِقَةٍ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٠٥]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ibrahim ibn Said said: Muhammad ibn Bishr and Abu Usama narrated to us, who both said: A man passed by Ruqbah and was asked, "Where have you come from?" He replied, "From Abu Hanifa." The response was: "You can chew on his opinion, but you will return to your people without trust."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 205]
٢٦١ - سَمِعْتُ أَبِيَ يَقُولُ: مَرَّ رَجُلٌ بِرَقَبَةَ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَقَبَةُ: «مِنْ أَيْنَ جِئْتَ؟» قَالَ: مِنْ عِنْدِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، فَقَالَ: «كَلَامٌ مَا مَضَغْتَ وَتُرَاجِعُ أَهْلِكَ بِغَيْرِ ثِقَةٍ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩١]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
I heard my father say: A man passed by Ruqbah and he said to him: 'Where have you come from?' He replied: 'From Abu Hanifa.' Ruqbah then said: 'It is speech that you have not chewed (i.e., not fully understood or digested), and you return to your people without certainty.'
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 191]
٢٦٢ - حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ الْأَزْدِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ رَقَبَةَ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِرَجُلٍ: «مِنْ أَيْنَ جِئْتَ؟» قَالَ: مِنْ عِنْدِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، قَالَ: «جِئْتَ مِنْ عِنْدِ رَجُلٍ يُمْلِيكَ مِنْ رَأْيٍ مَا مَضَغْتَ وَتَقُومُ بِغَيْرِ ثِقَةٍ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩١]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abdurrahman bin Salih al-Azdi narrated to us, from Abu Bakr bin Ayash, from Ruqbah, who said to a man: 'Where have you come from?' He replied: 'From Abu Hanifa.' He said: 'You have come from a man who gives you rulings based on an opinion that you have not fully digested and you act upon it without certainty.'
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 191]
٢٦٣ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو مَعْمَرٍ، ثنا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، قَالَ: كُنَّا عِنْدَ رَقَبَةَ فَجَاءَ ابْنُهُ فَقَالَ: «مِنْ أَيْنَ؟» ⦗١٩٢⦘ قَالَ: مِنْ عِنْدِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، فَقَالَ: «إِذًا يُعْطِيكَ رَأْيًا مَا مَضَغْتَ وَتَرْجِعُ بِغَيْرِ ثِقَةٍ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩١]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
"Abu Ma‘mar narrated to us, from Ibn Uyaynah, who said: 'We were with Raqabah when his son came and he said: “Where have you come from?” He replied: “From Abu Hanifa.” Raqabah said: “Then he will give you an opinion that you have not fully digested and you will return without certainty.”'
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 191]
٣٧٨ - حَدَّثَنِي هَارُونُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، نا طَلْقُ بْنُ غَنَّامٍ، ثنا حَفْصُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ، يَقُولُ: «جَلَسْتُ إِلَى أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ فَقَالَ فِي مَسْأَلَةٍ بِعَشَرَةِ أَقَاوِيلَ لَا نَدْرِي بِأَيِّهَا نَأْخُذُ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٠]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Harun ibn Sufyan narrated to us, from Talq ibn Ghanam, from Hafs ibn Ghiyath, who said: "I sat with Abu Hanifa, and he spoke on a matter with ten different opinions, and we did not know which one to take."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 220]
٣٧٩ - حَدَّثَنِي هَارُونُ، حَدَّثَنِي عَرَزَةُ بْنُ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا حَمْزَةَ ⦗٢٢١⦘ السُّكَّرِيَّ، يَقُولُ: " قَدِمْتُ عَلَى أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ مَسَائِلَ، ثُمَّ غِبْتُ عَنْهُ نَحْوًا مِنْ عِشْرِينَ سَنَةً ثُمَّ أَتَيْتُهُ فَإِذَا هُوَ قَدْ رَجَعَ عَنْ تِلْكَ الْمَسَائِلِ، وَقَدْ أَفْتَيْتُ بِهَا النَّاسَ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ فَقَالَ: إِنَّا نَرَى الرَّأْيَ ثُمَّ نَرَى غَدًا غَيْرَهُ فَنَرْجِعُ عَنْهُ، فَقَالَ: أَنْتَ بَعْدُ تَرْتَادُ لِدِينِكَ بِئْسَ الرَّجُلُ أَنْتَ أَوْ كَمَا قَالَ "
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٠]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Harun narrated to me, from ‘Arzah ibn al-Khurasani, who said: "I heard Abu Hamza al-Sukkari say: 'I came to Abu Hanifa and asked him about some issues. Then I was absent from him for about twenty years. When I returned, I found that he had retracted his previous positions on those issues, while I had already issued fatwas to people based on them. So I said to him, and he replied: "We hold an opinion, and then tomorrow we may see otherwise, so we retract it." Then he said: "Are you still searching for your religion? What a bad man you are!"—or something to that effect.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 220]
٣٨٠ - حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الدَّوْرَقِيُّ، نا عَفَّانُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، ثنا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، قَالَ: " شَهِدْتُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ وَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ فِي أَشْيَاءَ فَجَعَلَ يَقُولُ: يُقْطَعُ يُقْطَعُ حَتَّى سَأَلَهُ عَمَّنْ سَرَقَ مِنَ النَّخْلِ شَيْئًا فَقَالَ: يُقْطَعُ، فَقُلْتُ لِلرَّجُلِ: لَا تَكْتُبَنَّ هَذَا، هَذَا مِنْ زَلَّةِ الْعِلْمِ، قَالَ لِي: وَمَا ذَاكَ؟ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «لَا قَطْعَ فِي ثَمَرٍ وَلَا كَثَرٍ» قَالَ: امْحُ ذَاكَ وَاكْتُبْ لَا يُقْطَعُ لَا يُقْطَعُ "
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢١]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Dawraqi narrated to me, from ‘Affan ibn Muslim, from Abu ‘Awanah, who said:
"I was present with Abu Hanifa when a man wrote to him about certain matters. He kept responding, 'He is to be punished, he is to be punished,' until the man asked him about someone who stole something from a palm tree. Abu Hanifa said, 'He is to be punished.'
I said to the man, 'Do not write this down; this is a slip in knowledge.'
The man asked me, 'Why is that?'
I said, 'The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There is no punishment for stealing fruit or palm fibers."'
Upon hearing this, Abu Hanifa said, 'Erase that and write: He is not to be punished, he is not to be punished.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 221]
This is evidence that Abu Hanifa did retract whenever he saw he was wrong. It also shows he strove to follow the authentic narrations.
٣٧٦ - حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، ثنا طَلْقُ بْنُ غَنَّامٍ، قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِحَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ وَأَبْطَأَ فِي قَضِيَّةٍ فَقَالَ: «إِنَّمَا هُوَ رَأْي لَيْسَ بِكِتَابٍ وَلَا سُنَّةٍ وَإِنَّمَا أَحَزَّهُ فِي لَحْمِي قَدْ رَأَيْتُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ يَقُولُ فِي شَيْءٍ عَشَرَةَ أَقْوَالٍ ثُمَّ يَرْجِعُ فَمَا عَجَلَتِي؟»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٠]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abdul Rahman ibn Salih narrated to us, from Talq ibn Ghanam, who said: "I said to Hafs ibn Ghiyath, as he was slow in a matter (in writing the sayings of Abu Hanifa down during the sessions), and he said: 'It is only an opinion, not a book nor a sunnah. I only measure it with my own flesh. I saw Abu Hanifa say ten different opinions on something, then he would return to another. So why should I hurry?'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 220]
٣٩٥ - حَدَّثَنِي هَارُونُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَسْوَدَ بْنَ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ، فَقَالَ: «كَانَ حَافِظًا وَلَكِنْ كَانَ يَذْكُرُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ وَيَقُولُ بِقَوْلِهِ فَهُوَ عِنْدِي ضَعِيفٌ يَعْنِي مِنْ أَجْلِ ذِكْرِهِ لِأَبِي حَنِيفَةَ أَيْ يُحَدِّثُ عَنْهُ أَوْ يَذْكُرُهُ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٥]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Harun ibn Sufyan narrated to me, saying: "I asked Aswad ibn Salim about Abu Zaydah, and he said: 'He was a memorizer, but he used to mention Abu Hanifa and adopt his opinion, so he is weak in my opinion because of his mentioning of Abu Hanifa, meaning that he would narrate from him or mention him.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 225]
٣٩٠ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ، حَدَّثَنِي أَسْوَدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، قَالَ: «إِذَا جَاءَ الْأَثَرُ أَلْقَيْنَا رَأْيَ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَأَصْحَابِهِ فِي الْحُشِّ»، ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي أَسْوَدُ: «عَلَيْكَ بِالْأَثَرِ فَالْزَمْهُ أَدْرَكْتُ أَهْلَ الْعِلْمِ يَكْرَهُونَ رَأْيَ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَيَعِيبُونَهُ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٤]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu al-Fadl narrated to me, from Aswad ibn Salim, who said: "When the narration comes, we discard the opinion of Abu Hanifa and his companions."
Then Aswad said to me, 'Stick to the narration. I found that the scholars of knowledge disliked and criticized the opinion of Abu Hanifa.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 224]
أخبرنا العتيقي، حدثنا يوسف بن أحمد الصيدلاني، حدثنا محمد بن عمر العقيلي، حدثنا محمد بن أيوب، حدثنا محمد بن عبد الله بن نمير قال: سمعت أبي.
وأخبرنا البرمكي، أخبرنا محمد بن عبد الله بن خلف، حدثنا عمر بن محمد الجوهري، حدثنا أبو بكر الأثرم، حدثنا يحيى بن محمد بن صاعد، حدثنا ابن نمير قال: أدركت الناس وما يكتبون الحديث عن أبي حنيفة، فكيف الرأي؟
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٧]
Al-‘Atiqi informed us, saying: Yusuf bin Ahmad Al-Saidlani narrated to us, who said: Muhammad bin Umar Al-‘Uqayli told us, who mentioned: Muhammad bin Ayoub narrated to us, who said: Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Numayr said: I heard my father.
And Al-Barmaki informed us, saying: Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Khalaf narrated to us, who said: Omar bin Muhammad Al-Jawhari told us, who mentioned: Abu Bakr Al-Athram narrated to us, who said: Yahya bin Muhammad bin Sa'id narrated to us, who said: Ibn Numayr said: I witnessed the people and they did not write the hadith of Abu Hanifa, so then what about his opinion?
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 417]
وأخبرنا العتيقي، حدثنا يوسف بن أحمد، حدثنا العقيلي، حدثنا محمد ابن إسماعيل، حدثنا سليمان بن حرب قال: سمعت حماد بن زيد يقول: سمعت الحجاج بن أرطاة يقول: ومن أبو حنيفة؟ ومن يأخذ عن أبي حنيفة؟ وما أبو حنيفة؟.
[تاريخ بغداد - الجزء ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٧-٤١٨]
Al-‘Atiqi informed us, saying: Yusuf bin Ahmad narrated to us, who said: Al-'Uqayli told us, who mentioned: Muhammad bin Isma'il narrated to us, who said: Suleiman bin Harb said: I heard Hammad bin Zayd say: I heard Al-Hajjaj bin Arta'ah say: Who is Abu Hanifa? And who takes from Abu Hanifa? And what is Abu Hanifa?
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 417-418]
أنبأنا ابن دوما، أخبرنا ابن سلم، حدثنا الأبار، حدثنا إبراهيم بن سعيد قال: سمعت أبا أسامة يقول: مر رجل على رقبة، فقال: من أين أقبلت؟ قال:
من عند أبي حنيفة: قال: يمكنك من رأي ما مضغت، وترجع إلى أهلك بغير ثقة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٨]
I was informed by Ibn Douma, who told us by Ibn Salam, who narrated from Al-Abar, who narrated from Ibrahim ibn Said, who said:
I heard Abu Usamah say: A man passed by a group and was asked, "Where have you come from?" He replied, "From Abu Hanifa." The man said, "You may have accepted his opinion, but you will return to your people without trust."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 418]
أخبرنا ابن رزق، أخبرنا عثمان بن أحمد، أخبرنا حنبل بن إسحاق، حدثنا الحميدي قال: سمعت سفيان يقول: كنا جلوسا. وأخبرنا أبو نعيم الحافظ، حدثنا محمد بن أحمد بن الحسن، حدثنا بشر بن موسى، حدثنا الحميدي قال: قال سفيان:
كنت جالسا عند رقبة بن مصقلة فرأى جماعة منجفلين فقال: من أين؟ قالوا: من عند أبي حنيفة. فقال رقبة: يمكنهم من رأى ما مضغوا، وينقلبون إلى أهلهم بغير ثقة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الجزء ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٨-٤١٩]
I was informed by Ibn Rizq, who told us by Osman ibn Ahmad, who narrated from Hanbal ibn Ishaq, who said: Al-Humaydi said, "I heard Sufyan say: We were sitting." And Abu Nuaym the Hafiz informed us, who told us by Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn al-Hasan, who narrated from Bishr ibn Musa, who said: Al-Humaydi said, "Sufyan said: I was sitting with Raqbah ibn Musaqila when he saw a group of people approaching. He asked, 'Where are you from?' They replied, 'From Abu Hanifa.' Raqbah said: 'You may have accepted their opinion, but they will return to their families without trust.'
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 418-419]
أخبرنا أحمد بن محمد العتيقي والحسن بن جعفر السلماسي والحسن بن علي الجوهري قالوا: أخبرنا علي بن عبد العزيز البرذعي، أخبرنا أبو محمد عبد الرحمن بن أبي حاتم، أخبرنا محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد الحكم قال: قال لي محمد بن إدريس الشافعي: نظرت في كتب لأصحاب أبي حنيفة، فإذا فيها مائة وثلاثون ورقة، فعددت منها ثمانين ورقة خلاف الكتاب والسنة. قال أبو محمد:
لأن الأصل كان خطأ فصارت الفروع ماضية على الخطأ.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٢]
Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-‘Atiqi, al-Hasan ibn Ja‘far al-Salmasi, and al-Hasan ibn ‘Ali al-Jawhari narrated to us, saying: ‘Ali ibn ‘Abd al-‘Aziz al-Bardha‘i informed us, Abu Muhammad ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Hatim informed us, Muhammad ibn ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Abd al-Hakam narrated to us, saying:
Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi‘i said to me: "I examined the books of the companions of Abu Hanifa, and I found them to be 130 pages. I counted 80 pages that were contrary to the Book (the Quran) and the Sunnah."
Abu Muhammad said: "Because the foundation was flawed, the branches naturally followed in error."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 412]
وقال ابن أبي حاتم: حدثني الربيع بن سليمان المرادي قال: سمعت الشافعي يقول: أبو حنيفة يضع أول المسألة خطأ ثم يقيس الكتاب كله عليها.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٢]
(Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-‘Atiqi, al-Hasan ibn Ja‘far al-Salmasi, and al-Hasan ibn ‘Ali al-Jawhari narrated to us, saying: ‘Ali ibn ‘Abd al-‘Aziz al-Bardha‘i informed us,) Ibn Abi Hatim said: Al-Rabi‘ ibn Sulayman al-Muradi narrated to me, saying: I heard al-Shafi‘i say: "Abu Hanifa establishes the foundation of an issue incorrectly and then measures the entire book based on it."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 412]
أخبرنا ابن رزق، أخبرنا ابن سلم، حدثنا الأبار، حدثنا سلمة بن شبيب، حدثنا الوليد بن عتبة قال: سمعت مؤمل بن إسماعيل قال: قال عمر بن قيس: من أراد الحق فليأت الكوفة فلينظر ما قال أبو حنيفة وأصحابه فليخالفهم.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٨]
Ibn Rizq informed us, Ibn Salim told us, Al-Abar narrated to us, Salama ibn Shabib said, Al-Walid ibn Atbah said: I heard Muammal ibn Isma'il say: 'Umar ibn Qays said: "Whoever desires the truth, let him come to Kufa and see what Abu Hanifa and his companions say, and then let him oppose them."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 408]
أخبرنا بشرى بن عبد الله الرومي، أخبرنا عبد العزيز جعفر الخرقي، حدثنا إسماعيل بن العباس الوراق، حدثنا إسحاق بن إبراهيم البغوي، وأخبرنا أبو سعيد محمد بن حسنويه بن إبراهيم الأبيوردي، أخبرنا زاهر بن أحمد السرخسي، حدثنا عبد الله بن أحمد بن ثابت البزاز، حدثني إسحاق بن إبراهيم، حدثنا أبو الجواب قال: قال لي عمار بن زريق: خالف أبا حنيفة فإنك تصيب. وقال بشرى:
فإنك إذا خالفته أصبت.
[تاريخ بغداد - المجلد ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٨-٤٠٩]
Bishr ibn 'Abdullah al-Rumi informed us, Abdulaziz Ja'far al-Khuraqi told us, Ismail ibn al-Abbas al-Warraq narrated to us, Ishaq ibn Ibrahim al-Baghawi narrated to us, and Abu Sa'id Muhammad ibn Hasanwayh ibn Ibrahim al-‘Abiyurdi informed us, Zaher ibn Ahmad al-Sarkhasi narrated to us, 'Abdullah ibn Ahmad ibn Thabit al-Bazzaz told us, Ismail ibn Ibrahim narrated to us:
Abu al-Jawab said: 'Ammar ibn Zariq said to me: "Oppose Abu Hanifa, for you will be correct."
And Bishr (ibn 'Abdullah al-Rumi) said: "Indeed, when you oppose him, you will be correct."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 408-409]
أخبرنا ابن الفضل، أخبرنا ابن درستويه، حدثنا يعقوب، حدثنا ابن نمير، حدثنا بعض أصحابنا عن عمار بن زريق. قال: إذا سئلت عن شئ فلم يكن عندك شئ، فانظر ما قال أبو حنيفة فخالفه، فإنك تصيب.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٩]
Ibn al-Fadl informed us, Ibn Darstawayh told us, Ya'qub narrated to us, Ibn Numayr narrated to us, and some of our companions narrated from 'Ammar ibn Zariq, who said: "If you are asked about something and you have no answer, look at what Abu Hanifa said and oppose him, for you will be correct."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 409]
أخبرنا البرقاني، أخبرنا محمد بن عبد الله بن خمرويه، أخبرنا الحسين بن إدريس قال: قال ابن عمار: إذا شككت في شئ نظرت إلى ما قال أبو حنيفة فخالفته كان هو الحق - أو قال البركة في خلافه.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٩]
Al-Barqani informed us, Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Khamrawiya told us, Al-Husayn ibn Idris said: Ibn Ammar said: "If you doubt something, look at what Abu Hanifa said and oppose him; it is either the truth, or he said the blessing is in opposing him."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 409]
أخبرني عبد الله بن يحيى السكري، حدثنا محمد بن عبد الله الشافعي، حدثنا منصور بن محمد الزاهد، حدثنا محمد بن الصباح، حدثنا سفيان بن عيينة قال: قال مساور الوراق:
إذا ما أهل رأي حاورونا * بآبدة من الفتوى طريفه أتيناهم بمقياس صحيح * صليب من طراز أبي حنيفة إذا سمع الفقيه بها وعاها * وأثبتها بحبر في صحيفة فأجابه بعضهم بقوله:
إذا ذو الرأي خاصم عن قياس * وجاء ببدعة هنة سخيفه أتيناه بقول الله فيها * وآيات محبرة شريفه فكم من فرج محصنة عفيف * أحل حرامها بأبي حنيفة؟
فكان أبو حنيفة إذا رأى مساورا الوراق أوسع له، وقال: هاهنا، هاهنا.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٩]
Abdullah ibn Yahya al-Sukkari informed me, Muhammad ibn Abdullah al-Shafi'i narrated to us, Mansur ibn Muhammad al-Zahid told us, Muhammad ibn al-Sabah narrated to us, Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah said:
Al-Musaywar al-Warraq said: "When the people of opinion debate with us, With a rare and new fatwa, We would bring them a correct measure, A solid one, from the style of Abu Hanifa. When the scholar hears of it and memorizes it, And writes it with ink on a page.
Then some of them responded with the following: When the man of opinion disputes with logic, And brings a foolish innovation, We would bring him the words of Allah in it, And the noble verses written beautifully.
How many a chaste and honorable woman, Has Abu Hanifa made unlawful with his rulings?"
Thus, whenever Abu Hanifa saw Musaywar al-Warraq, he would make room for him and say: "Here, here."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 409]
أخبرنا ابن رزق، أخبرنا ابن سلم، حدثنا الأبار، حدثنا أبو صالح هدبة بن عبد الوهاب المروزي، قال: قدم علينا شقيق البلخي، فجعل يطري أبا حنيفة، فقيل له: لا تطر أبا حنيفة بمرو، فإنهم لا يحتملونك. قال شقيق: أليس قد قال مساور الوراق:
إذا ما الناس يوما قايسونا * بآبدة من الفتوى طريفه أتيناهم بمقياس تليد * طريف من طراز أبي حنيفة فقالوا له: أما سمعت ما أجابوه؟ قال: أجل:
إذا ذو الرأي خاصم في قياس * وجاء ببدعة هنة سخيفه أتيناه بقول الله فيها * وآثار مبرزة شريفه فكم من فرج محصنة عفيف * أحل حرامها بأبي حنيفة؟
[تاريخ بغداد - المجلد ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٩-٤١٠]
Ibn Rizq informed us, Ibn Salim told us, Al-Abar narrated to us, Abu Salih Hudbah ibn Abdulwahhab al-Murouzi said: Shuqayq al-Balkhi came to us, and he began praising Abu Hanifa. It was said to him: "Do not praise Abu Hanifa in Marw, for they cannot bear it." Shuqayq replied: "Did not Musaywar al-Warraq say:
When people one day compare us, With a rare and new fatwa, We would bring them an old measure, A new one, from the style of Abu Hanifa."
They said to him (Shuqayq): "Did you not hear their (people from Marw) reply?" He said: "Yes: When the man of opinion disputes in logic, And brings a foolish innovation, We would bring him the words of Allah in it, And the noble, distinguished texts. How many a chaste and honorable woman, Has Abu Hanifa made unlawful with his rulings?"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 409-410]
أخبرنا ابن رزق، حدثنا عثمان بن أحمد الدقاق، حدثنا إدريس بن عبد الكريم قال: سمعت يحيى بن أيوب قال: حدثنا صاحب لنا ثقة. قال: كنت جالسا عند أبي بكر بن عياش فجاء إسماعيل بن حماد بن أبي حنيفة، فسلم وجلس، فقال أبو بكر: من هذا؟ فقال: أنا إسماعيل يا أبا بكر، فضرب أبو بكر يده على ركبة إسماعيل ثم قال: كم من فرج حرام أباحه جدك؟
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٠]
Ibn Rizq informed us, Uthman ibn Ahmad al-Daqaq told us, Idris ibn Abdul Karim narrated to us, saying: I heard Yahya ibn Ayyub say: Our trustworthy companion narrated to us. He said:
I was sitting with Abu Bakr ibn Ayash when Ismail ibn Hamad ibn Abu Hanifa came in, greeted, and sat down. Abu Bakr asked: "Who is this?" He replied: "I am Ismail, O Abu Bakr." Abu Bakr then struck his hand on Ismail's knee and said: "How many unlawful things did your grandfather permit?"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 410]
أخبرنا ابن رزق، أخبرنا ابن سلم، حدثنا الأبار، حدثنا أحمد بن عبد الله العكي - أبو عبد الرحمن وسمعت منه بمرو - قال: حدثنا مصعب بن خارجة بن مصعب سمعت حمادا يقول - في مسجد الجامع - وما علم أبي حنيفة؟ علمه أحدث من خضاب لحيتي هذه.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٧]
Ibn Rizq informed us, Ibn Sallam informed us, Al-Abar informed us, Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-'Aki—Abu Abdurrahman, and I heard from him in Marw—said: Mus'ab ibn Khārijah ibn Mus'ab informed us, I heard Hamad say—in the Grand Mosque—"What does Abu Hanifa know? His knowledge is not as estabilished than the dye on my beard."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 407]
أخبرنا أبو بكر أحمد بن علي بن عبد الله الزجاجي الطبري، حدثنا أبو يعلى عبد الله بن مسلم الدباس، حدثنا الحسين بن إسماعيل، حدثنا أحمد بن محمد ابن يحيى بن سعيد، حدثنا يحيى بن آدم، حدثنا سفيان بن سعيد وشريك بن عبد الله والحسن بن صالح. قالوا: أدركنا أبا حنيفة وما يعرف بشئ من الفقه، ما نعرفه إلا بالخصومات.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٧]
Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn Ali ibn Abdullah al-Zajjaji al-Tabari informed us, Abu Ya'la Abdullah ibn Muslim al-Dabbas informed us, al-Husayn ibn Ismail informed us, Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Yahya ibn Sa'id informed us, Yahya ibn Adam informed us, Sufyan ibn Said, Sharik ibn Abdullah, and al-Hasan ibn Salih said: "We encountered Abu Hanifa, and he was not known for any knowledge of jurisprudence; we only knew him through disputes."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 407]
أخبرنا ابن رزق، أخبرنا ابن سلم، حدثنا إبراهيم بن سعيد، حدثنا عمر بن حفص بن غياث عن أبيه قال: كنت أجلس إلى أبي حنيفة فأسمعه يسأل عن مسألة في اليوم الواحد فيفتي فيها بخمسة أقاويل، فلما رأيت ذلك تركته وأقبلت على الحديث.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٣]
Ibn Rizq informed us, Ibn Salam narrated to us, Ibrahim bin Said narrated to us, 'Umar bin Hafs bin Ghiyath narrated from his father who said: "I used to sit with Abu Hanifa and hear him asked about an issue in one day, and he would give five different opinions on it. When I saw this, I left him and turned to studying Hadith."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 403]
أنبأنا القاضي أبو بكر أحمد بن الحسن الحرشي، أخبرنا أبو محمد حاجب ابن أحمد الطوسي، حدثنا عبد الرحيم بن منيب قال: قال عفان: سمعت أبا عوانة قال: اختلفت إلى أبي حنيفة حتى مهرت في كلامه ثم خرجت حاجا فلما قدمت أتيت مجلسه، فجعل أصحابه يسألونني عن مسائل وكنت عرفتها وخالفوني فيها، فقلت: سمعت من أبي حنيفة على ما قلت، فلما خرج سألته عنها فإذا هو قد رجع عنها. فقال: رأيت هذا أحسن منه، قلت: كل دين يتحول عنه فلا حاجة لي فيه. فنفضت ثيابي ثم لم أعد إليه.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٢]
Al-Qadi Abu Bakr Ahmad bin al-Hasan al-Hirshi informed us, Abu Muhammad Hajib bin Ahmad al-Tusi narrated to us, Abdul-Rahim bin Munib, from 'Affan, Abu 'Awana, who said: "I frequented Abu Hanifa's gatherings until I became skilled in his discourse. Then I went for Hajj, and when I returned, I attended his session.
His companions began asking me about issues that I had learned, but they disagreed with me on them. I said: 'I heard it from Abu Hanifa as I mentioned.'
When he came out, I asked him about them, and he had changed his position on those issues. He said: 'I found this to be better.'
I replied: 'Any religion that changes its position is of no use to me.' I then shook off my clothes and never returned to him."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 402]
وأخبرنا أحمد بن الحسن، أخبرنا حاجب بن أحمد، حدثنا عبد الرحيم بن منيب، حدثنا النضر بن محمد قال: كنا نختلف إلى أبي حنيفة وشامي معنا، فلما أراد الخروج جاء ليودعه فقال: يا شامي تحمل هذا الكلام إلى الشام؟ فقال:
نعم! قال: تحمل شرا كثيرا.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٢]
Ahmad bin al-Hasan informed us, Hajib bin Ahmad narrated to us, Abdul Rahim bin Munib said: Al-Nadr bin Muhammad (al-Marwazi) said: "We used to frequently attend Abu Hanifa's gatherings, and there was a Syrian with us. When he was about to leave, he came to bid farewell, and Abu Hanifa said to him: 'O Syrian, will you carry this knowledge to Sham?' He replied: 'Yes!' He said: 'You will carry much evil.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 402]
This narration seems strange, it could be weak due to the weakness of al-Nadr ibn Muhammad.
If it is authentic, then this could mean that the Syrian miswrote the knowledge he gained, misunderstood it, or that Abu Hanifa did not want it to be spread due to the chance of him changing his opinion on the matter.
أخبرنا ابن الفضل، أخبرنا ابن درستويه، حدثنا يعقوب، حدثنا عبد الرحمن بن إبراهيم، حدثنا أبو مسهر. وقرأت على الحسن بن أبي بكر عن أحمد بن كامل القاضي حدثنا الحسن بن علي - قراءة عليه - أن دحيما حدثهم قال:
حدثنا أبو مسهر عن مزاحم بن زفر قال: قلت لأبي حنيفة: يا أبا حنيفة هذا الذي تفتي، والذي وضعت في كتبك، هو الحق الذي لا شك فيه؟ قال: فقال: والله ما أدري لعله الباطل الذي لا شك فيه!
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٢]
Ibn al-Fadl informed us, Ibn Durustawayh narrated to us, Ya'qub narrated to us, Abdul Rahman bin Ibrahim narrated to us, Abu Mushar narrated to us.
I also read from al-Hasan bin Abi Bakr from Ahmad bin Kamil al-Qadi, who narrated to us from al-Hasan bin Ali - as I read to him - that Duhaym narrated to them, saying: Abu Mushar narrated from Muzahim ibn Zufar who said: I said to Abu Hanifa: "O Abu Hanifa, the rulings you issue, and what you have written in your books, is it the absolute truth with no doubt?" He replied: "By Allah, I do not know. Perhaps it is the falsehood with no doubt!"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 402]
And this is the understanding and humility of scholars, that one cannot testify that their Ijtihad in Fiqh should be considered the absolute truth without a doubt, as only Allah knows this. Rather, one should hope to reach the truth and acknowledge that he could make mistakes.
أخبرنا الخلال، حدثني يوسف بن عمر القواس، حدثنا محمد بن عبد الله العلاف المستعيني، حدثنا علي بن حرب، حدثنا أبان بن سفيان، حدثنا حماد بن زيد قال: ذكر أبو حنيفة عند البتي فقال: ذاك رجل أخطأ عصم دينه كيف يكون حاله.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٠]
Al-Khallal told us, Yusuf bin Omar al-Qawas narrated to me, Muhammad bin Abdullah al-‘Alaf al-Musta’ini narrated to us, Ali bin Harb narrated to us, Aban bin Sufyan narrated to us:
Hammad bin Zayd said: "Abu Hanifa was mentioned in front of al-Batti, and he said: 'That is a man who made a mistake and his faith was not protected (due to innovations); how could his condition then be?'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 400]
أخبرنا إبراهيم بن محمد بن سليمان الأصبهاني، أخبرنا أبو بكر بن المقرئ، حدثنا سلامة بن محمود القيسي - بعسقلان - حدثنا إبراهيم بن أبي سفيان، حدثنا الفريابي قال: سمعت سفيان يقول، قيل لسوار: لو نظرت في شئ من كلام أبي حنيفة وقضاياه؟ فقال: كيف أنظر في كلام رجل لم يؤت الرفق في دينه؟
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٠]
Ibrahim bin Muhammad bin Suleiman al-Asbahani told us, Abu Bakr bin al-Muqri informed us, Salama bin Mahmoud al-Qaisi - in Ashkelon - narrated to us, Ibrahim bin Abi Sufyan narrated to us, al-Firyabi said:
I heard Sufyan say: It was said to Suwar: "Why don’t you look into some of the words and rulings of Abu Hanifa?" He said: "How could I look into the words of a man who was not given gentleness in his religion?"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 400]
أخبرنا أبو الفرج الطناجيري، حدثنا علي بن عبد الرحمن البكائي بالكوفة، حدثنا عبد الله بن زيدان، حدثنا كثير بن محمد الخياط، حدثني إسحاق بن إبراهيم - أبو صالح الأسدي - قال: سمعت شريكا يقول: لأن يكون في كل حي من الأحياء خمار خير من أن يكون فيه رجل من أصحاب أبي حنيفة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٧]
Abu al-Faraj al-Tanajiri informed us, Ali ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Bakka'i in Kufa informed us, Abdullah ibn Zaydan informed us, Kathir ibn Muhammad al-Khayyat informed us, Ishaq ibn Ibrahim – Abu Salih al-Asadi – informed me, saying: I heard Sharik say: "It would be better for every neighborhood to have a seller of Khamr than to have a man from the companions of Abu Hanifa."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 397]
أخبرنا علي بن محمد بن عبد الله المعدل، أخبرنا محمد بن أحمد بن الحسن، حدثني عبد الله بن أحمد بن حنبل. وأخبرنا ابن دوما - واللفظ له - أخبرنا ابن سلم، حدثنا أحمد بن علي الأبار قالا: حدثنا منصور بن أبي مزاحم قال:
سمعت شريك بن عبد الله يقول: لو أن في كل ربع من أرباع الكوفة خمارا يبيع الخمر كان خيرا من أن يكون فيه من يقول بقول أبي حنيفة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٧]
Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Abdullah al-Mu'ddil informed us, Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn al-Hasan informed us, Abdullah ibn Ahmad ibn Hanbal informed me. And Ibn Duma also informed us – and this is his wording – Ibn Salam informed us, Ahmad ibn Ali al-Abbar informed us, both saying: Mansur ibn Abi Muzahim informed us, saying:
I heard Sharik ibn Abdullah say: "If there were a seller of Khamr in every quarter of Kufa selling Khamr, it would be better than having someone there who follows the opinion of Abu Hanifa."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 397]
أخبرنا ابن الفضل، أخبرنا ابن درستويه، حدثنا يعقوب، حدثنا أبو بكر بن خلاد قال: سمعت عبد الرحمن بن مهدي قال: سمعت حماد بن زيد يقول:
سمعت أيوب - وذكر أبو حنيفة - فقال: * (يريدون أن يطفئوا نور الله بأفواههم ويأبى الله إلا أن يتم نوره) * [التوبة 32].
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٧]
Ibn al-Fadl informed us, Ibn Durustawayh informed us, Ya'qub informed us, Abu Bakr ibn Khallad informed us, saying: I heard Abdurrahman ibn Mahdi say: I heard Hammad ibn Zayd say:
I heard Ayyub mention Abu Hanifa and then recite: "They want to extinguish the light of Allah with their mouths, but Allah refuses except to perfect His light." [At-Tawbah 32].
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 397]
أخبرنا محمد بن عيسى بن عبد العزيز البزاز - بهمذان - حدثنا صالح بن أحمد التميمي الحافظ، حدثنا القاسم بن أبي صالح، حدثنا محمد بن أيوب، أخبرنا إبراهيم بن بشار قال: سمعت سفيان بن عيينة يقول: ما رأيت أحدا أجرأ على الله من أبي حنيفة. ولقد أتاه يوما رجل من أهل خراسان فقال: يا أبا حنيفة قد أتيتك بمائة ألف مسألة، أريد أن أسألك عنها قال: هاتها. فهل سمعتم أحدا أجرأ من هذا؟ أخبرني عطاء بن السائب عن ابن أبي ليلى قال: لقد أدركت عشرين ومائة من أصحاب رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم من الأنصار، إن كان أحدهم ليسأل عن المسألة، فيردها إلى غيره، فيرد هذا إلى هذا، وهذا إلى هذا، حتى ترجع إلى الأول. وإن كان أحدهم ليقول في شئ وإنه ليرتعد. وهذا يقول: هات مائة ألف مسألة، فهل سمعتهم بأحد أجرأ من هذا؟
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٤]
Muhammad bin Isa bin Abdul Aziz al-Bazzaz narrated to us in Hamadhan, from Saleh bin Ahmad al-Tamimi al-Hafidh, who narrated to us from al-Qasim bin Abi Saleh, who narrated to us from Muhammad bin Ayyub, who narrated to us from Ibrahim bin Bashar, who said:
I heard Sufyan bin 'Uyaynah say: "I have never seen anyone bolder towards Allah than Abu Hanifa. One day a man from Khurasan came to him and said: 'O Abu Hanifa, I have brought with me one hundred thousand questions, and I want to ask you about them.' He replied: 'Bring them.' Have you ever heard anyone bolder than this?
I (Sufyan) was informed by 'Ata bin al-Saaib from Ibn Abi Layla, who said: 'I have met over two hundred companions of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, from the Ansar. If one of them was asked a question, he would refer it to someone else, and that person would refer it to another, until it would return to the first one. And if one of them was to speak on an issue, he would tremble. But this man says: 'Bring one hundred thousand questions.' Have you ever heard of anyone bolder than this?"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 394]
أخبرنا أبو الحسن علي بن أحمد بن إبراهيم البزاز - بالبصرة - حدثنا أبو علي الحسن بن محمد بن عثمان الفسوي، حدثنا يعقوب بن سفيان، حدثنا محمد بن عوف، حدثنا إسماعيل بن عباس الحمصي، حدثنا هشام بن عروة عن أبيه قال: كان الأمر في بني إسرائيل مستقيما حتى نشأ فيهم أبناء سبايا الأمم فقالوا بالرأي، فهلكوا وأهلكوا.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٤]
Abu al-Hasan Ali bin Ahmad bin Ibrahim al-Bazzaz narrated to us in Basra, from Abu Ali al-Hasan bin Muhammad bin Uthman al-Fasawi, who narrated to us from Ya'qub bin Sufyan, who narrated to us from Muhammad bin 'Awf, who narrated to us from Isma'il bin 'Abbas al-Humsi, who narrated to us from Hisham bin 'Urwah from his father, who said: "The situation of Banu Israeel was straight until the sons of the captives of the nations grew up among them. They began to give opinions based on reasoning, and as a result, they perished and caused others to perish."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 394]
أخبرنا أبو نعيم الحافظ، حدثنا محمد بن أحمد بن الحسن الصواف، حدثنا بشر بن موسى، حدثنا الحميدي، حدثنا سفيان عن هشام بن عروة عن أبيه قال: لم يزل أمر بني إسرائيل معتدلا حتى ظهر فيهم المولدون، أبناء سبايا الأمم، فقالوا فيهم بالرأي، فضلوا وأضلوا. قال سفيان: ولم يزل أمر الناس معتدلا حتى غير ذلك أبو حنيفة بالكوفة، و [عثمان] البتي بالبصرة، وربيعة [بن أبي عبد الرحمن] بالمدينة. فنظرنا فوجدناهم من أبناء سبايا الأمم.
[تاريخ بغداد - المجلد ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٤-٣٩٥]
Abu Nu'aym al-Hafidh informed us, from Muhammad bin Ahmad bin al-Hasan al-Sawwaf, who narrated to us from Bishr bin Musa, who narrated to us from al-Humaydi, who narrated to us from Sufyan, from Hisham bin 'Urwah, from his father, who said: "The matter of Banu Israeel remained balanced until the children of captives from other nations grew up among them. They began to give opinions based on reasoning, and as a result, they went astray and led others astray."
Sufyan (ibn 'Uyaynah) said: "The affairs of the people remained balanced until Abu Hanifa in Kufa, and [Uthman] al-Batti in Basra, and Rabi'a [bin Abi Abdul-Rahman] in Medina changed them. We looked and found them to be from the children of the captives of other nations."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 394-395]
أخبرنا ابن رزق، أخبرنا عثمان بن أحمد الدقاق، حدثنا حنبل بن إسحاق، حدثنا الحميدي قال: سمعت سفيان يقول: كان هذا الأمر مستقيما حتى نشأ أبو حنيفة بالكوفة، وربيعة بالمدينة والبتي بالبصرة. قال: ثم نظر إلى سفيان فقال:
فأما بلدكم فكان على قول عطاء. ثم قال سفيان: نظرنا في ذلك فظننا أنه كما قال هشام ابن عروة عن أبيه. إن أمر بني إسرائيل لم يزل مستقيما معتدلا حتى ظهر فيهم المولدون أبناء سبايا الأمم فقالوا فيهم بالرأي فظلوا وأضلوا. قال سفيان: فنظرنا فوجدنا ربيعة ابن سبي، والبتي بن سبي، وأبو حنيفة ابن سبي، فنرى أن هذا من ذاك.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٥]
We were informed by Ibn Rizq, who was informed by 'Uthman bin Ahmad al-Daqqaq, who narrated to us from Hanbal bin Ishaq, who narrated from al-Humaydi, who said:
I heard Sufyan (ibn 'Uyaynah) say: This matter (the religious discourse) remained straightforward until Abu Hanifa emerged in Kufa, Rabi'a in Madinah, and al-Batti in Basra.
Then Sufyan looked at them and said: As for your country (meaning Kufa), it was based on the opinion of 'Ata.
Then Sufyan continued: We looked into this and thought it was as al-Hisham bin 'Urwah narrated from his father: The affair of Banu Israeel remained straight and moderate until the children of the captives of the nations appeared among them, and they started to speak based on their own opinions, and thus they were misguided and misled.
Sufyan said: We looked, and we found that Rabi'a was a child of captives, al-Batti was a child of captives, and Abu Hanifa was also a child of captives. Thus, we believe that this stems from that.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 395]
أخبرنا القاضي أبو محمد الحسن بن الحسين بن رامين الاستراباذي، أخبرنا أبو الحسن أحمد بن جعفر بن أبي توبة الصوفي - بشيراز - حدثنا علي بن الحسين بن معدان، حدثنا أبو عمار الحسين بن حريث، حدثنا الحميدي قال: قال سفيان بن عيينة: نظرنا فإذا أول من بدل هذا الشأن أبو حنيفة بالكوفة، والبتي بالبصرة، وربيعة بالمدينة، فنظرنا فوجدناهم من مولدي سبايا الأمم.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٥]
We were informed by the judge, Abu Muhammad al-Hasan bin al-Hussein bin Ramin al-Istrabadhi, who was informed by Abu al-Hasan Ahmad bin Ja'far bin Abu Tuba al-Sufi, in Shiraz. He narrated to us from Ali bin al-Hussein bin Ma'dan, who narrated from Abu Ammar al-Hussein bin Harith, who narrated from al-Humaydi, who said: Sufyan bin 'Uyaynah said: We looked and found that the first ones to change this affair were Abu Hanifa in Kufa, al-Batti in Basra, and Rabi'a in Madinah. We looked and found that they were all from the children of the captives of the nations.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 395]
أنبأنا البرقاني، أخبرنا محمد بن عبد الله بن خميرويه الهروي، أخبرنا الحسين ابن إدريس قال: قال ابن عمار: قال سفيان بن عيينة: نظرنا في سبايا الأمم في هذا الحديث فوجدنا منهم أبا حنيفة بالكوفة، وعثمان البتي بالبصرة، وذا ربيعة الرأي بالمدينة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٥]
We were informed by al-Barqani, who was informed by Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Khumairwayh al-Harawi, who was informed by al-Husayn bin Idris, who said: Ibn Ammar said: Sufyan bin 'Uyaynah said: We looked into the captives of the nations in this hadith and found among them Abu Hanifa in Kufa, Uthman al-Batti in Basra, and Rabi'a al-Raiyy in Madinah.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 395]
أخبرنا ابن رزق، حدثني عثمان بن عمر بن خفيف الدراج، حدثنا محمد ابن إسماعيل البصلاني.
وأخبرنا البرقاني قال: قرأت على أبي حفص بن الزيات حدثكم عمر بن محمد الكاغدي قالا حدثنا أبو السائب قال: سمعت وكيعا يقول: وجدنا أبا حنيفة خالف مائتي حديث.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٠]
Ibn Rizq told us, Uthman ibn Omar ibn Khafif al-Darraj told us, Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Basrani told us.
And al-Barqani told us: I read from Abu Hafs ibn al-Zayyat, from 'Umar ibn Muhammad al-Kaghdi, who said: "Abu al-Sa'ib told us, and I heard Waki' say: 'We found that Abu Hanifa contradicted two hundred hadiths.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 390]
أخبرنا أبو سعيد محمد بن موسى الصيرفي، حدثنا أبو العباس محمد بن يعقوب الأصم، حدثنا عبد الله بن أحمد بن حنبل، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا مؤمل قال: سمعت حماد بن سلمة يقول - وذكر أبا حنيفة - فقال: إن أبا حنيفة استقبل الآثار والسنن فردها برأيه.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٠]
'Ali ibn Ahmad al-Razzaz told me, 'Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Said al-Mosuli told us, Isa ibn Firuz al-Anbari told us, Abdul-A'la ibn Hammad told us, Hamad ibn Salama — or I heard him say —: "Abu Hanifa faced the narrations and turned his back on them with his opinion."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 390]
أخبرنا أبو سعيد محمد بن موسى الصيرفي، حدثنا أبو العباس محمد بن يعقوب الأصم، حدثنا عبد الله بن أحمد بن حنبل، حدثنا أبي، حدثنا مؤمل قال: سمعت حماد بن سلمة يقول - وذكر أبا حنيفة - فقال: إن أبا حنيفة استقبل الآثار والسنن فردها برأيه.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٠]
Abu Sa'id Muhammad ibn Musa al-Sayrafi told us, Abu al-Abbas Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Asamm told us, 'Abdullah ibn Ahmad ibn Hanbal told us, my father told us, Muammal told us: "I heard Hammad ibn Salamah say — and he mentioned Abu Hanifa — he said: 'Abu Hanifa faced the narrations and the Sunnah, and rejected them with his opinion.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 390]
أخبرنا ابن دوما، أخبرنا ابن سلم، حدثنا الأبار، حدثنا محمود بن غيلان عن مؤمل قال: سمعت حماد بن سلمة يقول: أبو حنيفة هذا يستقبل السنة يردها برأيه.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩١]
Ibn Douma told us, Ibn Sallam told us, al-Abar told us, Mahmoud ibn Ghaylan told us, from Muammal who said: "I heard Hamad ibn Salama say: 'Abu Hanifa, this one, faces the Sunnah and rejects it with his opinion.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 391]
أخبرنا محمد بن الحسين بن محمد المتوثي، أخبرنا عثمان بن أحمد الدقاق، حدثنا أحمد بن بشر المرثدي، حدثنا رجاء بن السندي سمعت بشر بن السري قال: أتيت أبا عوانة فقلت له: بلغني أن عندك كتابا لأبي حنيفة، أخرجه فقال: يا بني ذكرتني، فقام إلى صندوق له فاستخرج كتابا، فقطعه قطعة قطعة فرمى به فقلت: ما حملك على ما صنعت؟ قال: كنت عند أبي حنيفة جالسا فأتاه رسول بعجلة من قبل السلطان، كأنما قد حموا الحديد وأرادوا أن يقلدوه الأمر.
فقال يقول الأمير: رجل سرق وديا فما ترى؟ فقال - غير متعتع - إن كانت قيمته عشرة دراهم فاقطعوه، فذهب الرجل. فقلت: يا أبا حنيفة ألا تتقي الله؟. حدثني يحيى بن سعيد عن محمد بن يحيى بن حبان عن رافع بن خديج أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: " لا قطع في ثمر، ولا كثر " أدرك الرجل فإنه يقطع. فقال - غير متعتع - ذاك حكم قد مضى فانتهى، وقد قطع الرجل. فهذا ما يكون له عندي كتاب.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩١]
Muhammad ibn al-Hussein ibn Muhammad al-Mutawthi told us, 'Uthman ibn Ahmad al-Daqaq told us, Ahmad ibn Bashir al-Marthidi told us, Rajaa ibn al-Sindi said:
"I heard Bashar ibn al-Sari say: 'I went to Abu Awana and said to him: "I heard that you have a book from Abu Hanifa." He replied: "O my son, you have reminded me."
Then he went to a box of his, took out a book, and tore it into pieces, throwing it away. I asked: "What made you do this?" He said: "I was sitting with Abu Hanifa when a messenger from the Sultan came quickly, as though they had heated iron and were about to appoint him for something. The messenger said: 'The prince asks, if a man steals something worth ten dirhams, what do you think should be done?' Abu Hanifa replied — without hesitation — 'If its value is ten dirhams, cut off his hand.'
The man left, and I said: 'O Abu Hanifa, don't you fear Allah? Yahya ibn Sa'eed narrated to me from Muhammad ibn Yahya ibn Hibban from Rafi' ibn Khadij that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "There is no cutting off for stolen fruit or for a lot of grain."
But the man had already gone, and I said: 'That's a rule that has already passed, and the man has been punished.' So this is what I have from him, and I no longer keep this book.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 391]
Abu Hanifa acknowledged that the Fatwa he gave was wrong after he gave it, because he was presented evidence of his wrong through an authentic narration.
Abu 'Awanah left Abu Hanifa and began studying Hadith. He was first part of Ahl al-Raiyy and started to lean towards the people of Hadith.
أخبرنا ابن دوما، أخبرنا ابن سلم، حدثنا الأبار، حدثنا الحسن بن علي الحلواني، حدثنا أبو عاصم عن أبي عوانة قال: كنت عند أبي حنيفة فسأله رجل عن رجل سرق وديا فقال عليه القطع. قال: فقلت له: حدثني يحيى بن سعيد عن محمد بن يحيى بن حبان عن رافع بن خديج قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: " لا قطع في ثمر ولا كثر " قال: إيش تقول؟ قلت: نعم. قال: ما بلغني هذا، قلت: الرجل الذي أفتيته فرده. قال: دعه فقد جرت به البغال الشهب. قال أبو عاصم: أخاف أن تكون جرت بلحمه ودمه.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩١]
Ibn Douma told us, Ibn Sallam told us, al-Abar told us, al-Hasan ibn 'Ali al-Halwani told us, Abu 'Asim told us:
Abu 'Awana said: "I was with Abu Hanifa when a man asked him about a person who stole something worth ten dirhams. He said that the punishment was to cut off the hand.
I said to him: 'Yahya ibn Sa'eed narrated to me from Muhammad ibn Yahya ibn Hibban from Rafi' ibn Khadij that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "There is no cutting off for stolen fruit or for a lot of grain." What do you say about this?' He replied: 'I haven't heard of this.'
I said: 'The man I gave the fatwa to, should I retract it?' He said: 'Leave him, for the gray mules have already carried him away.'
Abu 'Asim said: 'I fear they have already carried him with his flesh and blood.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 391]
قال الحلواني: حدثنا يزيد بن هارون عن حماد قال: شهدت أبا حنيفة وسئل عن محرم لم يجد إزارا فلبس سراويل. قال: عليه الفدية. قلت: سبحان الله!.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٢]
Al-Halwani said: "Yazid ibn Harun told us from Hamad, who said: 'I witnessed Abu Hanifa being asked about a person in a state of ihram who couldn't find a garment, so he wore trousers. Abu Hanifa said: "He must pay a ransom." I (Hammad) said: "SubhanAllah!!"'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 392]
أخبرنا ابن دوما، حدثنا ابن سلم، حدثنا الأبار، حدثنا أبو موسى عيسى بن عامر، حدثنا عارم عن حماد قال: كنت جالسا في المسجد الحرام عند أبي حنيفة فجاءه رجل فقال: يا أبا حنيفة، محرم لم يجد نعلين فلبس خفا؟ قال:
عليه دم. قال: قلت: سبحان الله. حدثنا أيوب أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال في المحرم: " إذا لم يجد نعليه فليلبس الخفين وليقطعهما أسفل من الكعبين ".
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٢]
Ibn Douma told us, Ibn Sallam told us, al-Abar told us, Abu Musa Isa ibn Amir told us, 'Arim told us from Hamad, who said: "I was sitting in the Masjid al-Haram with Abu Hanifa when a man came to him and said: 'O Abu Hanifa, a person in a state of ihram couldn't find two sandals, so he wears khuffayn.' Abu Hanifa replied: 'He must offer a sacrifice.'
I (Hammad) said: "SubhanAllah!! We were told by Ayoub that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said about a person in a state of ihram: 'If he cannot find sandals, let him wear khuffayn and cut them off below the ankles.'""
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 392]
أخبرنا البرقاني قال: سمعت أبا القاسم عبد الله بن إبراهيم الأبندوني يقول: قرأت على أبي يعلى أحمد بن علي بن المثنى. وقرئ على الحسن بن سفيان حدثكم إبراهيم بن الحجاج، حدثنا حماد بن زيد قال: جلست إلى أبي حنيفة بمكة.
فجاءه رجل فقال: لبست سراويل وأنا محرم، أو قال: لبست خفين وأنا محرم - شك إبراهيم - فقال أبو حنيفة: عليك دم. قال حماد: وجدت نعلين أو وجدت إزارا؟ قال لا. فقلت: يا أبا حنيفة هذا يزعم أنه لم يجد. فقال: سواء وجد أو لم يجد. قال حماد: فقلت حدثنا عمرو بن دينار عن جابر بن زيد عن ابن عباس قال: سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول: " السراويل لمن لم يجد الإزار، والخفين لمن لم يجد النعلين " وحدثنا أيوب عن نافع عن ابن عمر أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: " السراويل لمن لم يجد الإزار والخفين لمن لم يجد النعلين " فقال بيده - وحرك إبراهيم يده - أي لا شئ. قال:
فقلت له: فأنت عمن تقول؟ قال: حدثني حماد عن إبراهيم - قال: عليه دم وجد أو لم يجد - لم يذكر الحسن بن سفيان في حديثه حديث حماد عن إبراهيم - قال: فقمت من عنده، فتلقاني الحجاج بن أرطاة داخل المسجد، فقلت له: يا أبا أرطاة ما تقول في محرم لبس سراويل ولم يجد الإزار، ولبس الخفين ولم يجد النعلين؟ قال: حدثنا عمرو ابن دينار عن جابر بن زيد عن ابن عباس أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: " السراويل لمن يجد الإزار، والخفين لمن لم يجد النعلين " قلت له: يا أبا أرطاة. ما تحفظ أنه قال: سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم؟ قال: لا. وحدثني نافع عن ابن عمر أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال:
" السراويل لمن لم يجد الإزار، والخفين لمن لم يجد النعلين ". قال: وحدثني أبو إسحاق عن الحارث عن علي أنه قال: " السراويل لمن لم يجد الإزار، والخفين لمن لم يجد النعلين " فقلت: فما بال صاحبكم قال كذا وكذا؟ قال: ومن ذاك؟ وصاحب من ذاك؟ قبح الله ذاك - لفظ أبي يعلى.
[تاريخ بغداد - المجلد ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٢-٣٩٣]
Al-Barqani narrated to us, saying: I heard Abu al-Qasim Abdullah ibn Ibrahim al-Abinduni say: I read to Abu Ya'la Ahmad ibn Ali ibn al-Muthanna. It was also read to al-Hasan ibn Sufyan, who told us Ibrahim ibn al-Hajjaj, who told us Hammad ibn Zayd, who said:
I sat with Abu Hanifa in Mecca. A man came to him and said: "I wore trousers while I was in a state of Ihram," or "I wore khuffayn while I was in a state of Ihram," Ibrahim (Ibrahim ibn al-Hajjaj) was uncertain.
Abu Hanifa said: "You must offer a sacrifice."
Hammad said: "Did you find sandals or a waistcloth?" The man replied: "No." I said: "O Abu Hanifa, he claims that he did not find any." Abu Hanifa responded: "It is the same whether he found them or not."
Hammad said: "I said to him, 'We were told by 'Amru ibn Dinar, who heard from Jabir ibn Zayd, who heard from Ibn 'Abbas, who said, "I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, say: 'The trousers are for those who do not find a waistcloth, and the khuffayn are for those who do not find sandals.'" And we were told by Ayyub, who heard from Nafi', who heard from Ibn 'Umar, that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: 'The trousers are for those who do not find a waistcloth, and the khuffayn are for those who do not find sandals.'"
Abu Hanifa gestured with his hand, moving it in the way Ibrahim did, which meant: "No matter."
I then said to him: "From whom do you report this?" He replied: "Hammad told me from Ibrahim, who said: 'He must offer a sacrifice, whether he finds them or not.'"
He did not mention (the narrator) al-Hasan ibn Sufyan in his narration about Hammad from Ibrahim.
I got up from him, and as I entered the mosque, I met al-Hajjaj ibn Artah. I said to him: "O Abu Artah, what do you say about a person in a state of Ihram who wore trousers but did not find a waistcloth, or wore khuffayn but did not find sandals?" He replied: "We were told by 'Amr ibn Dinar, who heard from Jabir ibn Zayd, who heard from Ibn 'Abbas, that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: 'The trousers are for those who find the waistcloth, and the khuffayn are for those who do not find sandals.'"
I (Hammad) said to him: "O Abu Artah, do you not recall that he (Ibn 'Abbas) said: 'I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him'?" He replied: "No."
And Nafi' told me from Ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: "The trousers are for those who do not find the waistcloth, and the khuffayn are for those who do not find sandals."
He also told me that Abu Ishaq reported from al-Harith from 'Ali, who said: "The trousers are for those who do not find the waistcloth, and the khuffayn are for those who do not find sandals."
I (Hammad) said: "So why did your companion say such and such?" He replied: "Who is that? Whose companion is that?" May Allah curse him — these were the words of Abu Ya'la (Abu Ya'la Ahmad ibn Ali ibn al-Muthanna).
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 392-393]
أخبرنا القاضي أبو عبد الله الصيمري، حدثنا عمر بن إبراهيم المقرئ، حدثنا مكرم بن أحمد، حدثنا علي بن صالح البغوي قال: أنشدني أبو عبد الله محمد ابن زيد الواسطي لأحمد بن المعدل:
إن كانت كاذبة الذي حدثتني * فعليك إثم أبي حنيفة أو زفر المائلين إلى القياس تعمدا * والراغبين عن التمسك بالخبر
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٣]
Qadi Abu Abdullah al-Saymari narrated to us, saying: Umar ibn Ibrahim al-Muqri narrated to us, saying: Mukram ibn Ahmad narrated to us, saying: Ali ibn Salih al-Baghawi said: "Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Zayd al-Wasiti recited to me the following poem by Ahmad ibn al-Mu'dhal:
If what you told me is a lie, then upon you is the sin of Abu Hanifa,
Or of Zafar, those who deliberately incline toward analogy,
And those who turn away from adhering to the hadith."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 393]
أنبأنا عبد الله بن يحيى السكري والحسن بن أبي بكر ومحمد بن عمر النرسي قالوا: أخبرنا محمد بن عبيد الله بن إبراهيم الشافعي، حدثنا محمد بن علي أبو جعفر قال: حدثنا أبو سلمة، حدثنا أبو عوانة قال: سمعت أبا حنيفة يقول - وسئل عن الأشربة - قال: فما سئل عن شئ إلا قال: حلال، حتى سئل عن السكر. أو السكر - شك أبو جعفر - فقال: حلال. قال: قلت: يا هؤلاء إنها زلة عالم. فلا تأخذوا عنه.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٣]
Abdullah ibn Yahya al-Sukkari, Hassan ibn Abi Bakr, and Muhammad ibn Umar al-Narsi narrated to us, saying: Muhammad ibn Ubaydullah ibn Ibrahim al-Shafi‘i narrated to us, saying: Muhammad ibn Ali Abu Ja'far narrated to us, saying: Abu Salama narrated to us, saying:
Abu 'Awana narrated to us, saying: I heard Abu Hanifa say — when he was asked about drinks — that he was asked about everything and replied that it was permissible, until he was asked about wine or intoxicants (Abu Ja'far was uncertain) and he said: "It is permissible."
I (Abu 'Awanah) said: "O people, this is a misstep of a scholar, so do not take this from him."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 393]
أخبرنا الخلال، حدثنا عبد الله بن عثمان الصفار، حدثنا محمد بن مخلد، حدثنا العباس بن محمد بن إبراهيم بن شماس قال: سمعت وكيعا يقول: سأل ابن المبارك أبا حنيفة عن رفع اليدين في الركوع، فقال أبو حنيفة: يريد أن يطير، فيرفع يديه؟ قال وكيع: وكان ابن المبارك رجلا عاقلا، فقال ابن المبارك: إن كان طار في الأولى فإنه يطير في الثانية. فسكت أبو حنيفة ولم يقل شيئا.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٨٩]
Al-Khallal told us, Abdullah ibn Osman al-Saffar told us, Muhammad ibn Mukhallad told us, al-Abbas ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Shamas said: "I heard Waki' say:
Ibn al-Mubarak asked Abu Hanifa about raising the hands in rukoo' (bowing). Abu Hanifa replied: 'Does he want to fly and raise his hands?' Waki' said: 'Ibn al-Mubarak was a sensible man.' Ibn al-Mubarak then said: 'If he flew in the first time, he would fly in the second.' Abu Hanifa remained silent and did not say anything."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 389]
أخبرنا ابن رزق، أخبرنا عثمان بن أحمد الدقاق، حدثنا حنبل بن إسحاق، حدثنا الحميدي قال: سمعت سفيان قال: كنت في جنازة أم خصيب بالكوفة، فسأل رجل أبا حنيفة عن مسألة من الصرف فأفتاه، فقلت: يا أبا حنيفة إن أصحاب محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم قد اختلفوا في هذه. فغضب وقال للذي استفتاه: اذهب فاعمل بها، فما كان فيها من إثم فهو على.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٨٩]
Ibn Rizq told us, 'Uthman ibn Ahmad al-Daqaq told us, Hanbal ibn Ishaq told us, al-Humaydi said: "I heard Sufyan say: I was at the funeral of Umm Khusayb in Kufa when a man asked Abu Hanifa about a question on Sarf, and he gave a fatwa.
I (Sufyan) said: 'O Abu Hanifa, the companions of Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, disagreed on this matter.'
He became angry and said to the one who asked for the fatwa: 'Go ahead and act upon it. Whatever sin is in it, it is upon me.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 389]
وقال الأبار: حدثنا محمد بن حسان الأزرق قال: سمعت علي بن عاصم يقول: حدثنا أبا حنيفة بحديث عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال: لا آخذ به، فقلت:
عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم؟ فقال: لا آخذ به.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٨٧]
Al-Abar said: Muhammad ibn Hasan al-Azraq told us, I heard Ali ibn Asim say: "We narrated a Hadith to Abu Hanifa from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and Abu Hanifa said: 'I do not accept it.' I asked: 'From the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him?' He replied: 'I do not accept it.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 387]
Meaning, he does not accept it because he deemed the presented narration to be inauthentic or not to be acted upon due to him viewing it as abrogated.
أخبرنا أبو بكر البرقاني قال: قرأت على محمد بن محمود المحمودي - بمرو - حدثكم محمد بن علي الحافظ، حدثنا إسحاق بن منصور، أخبرنا عبد الصمد عن أبيه قال: ذكر لأبي حنيفة قول النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم " أفطر الحاجم والمحجوم " فقال: هذا سجع.
وذكر له قضاء من قضاء عمر - أو من قول عمر - في الولاء فقال:
هذا قول شيطان.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٨٨]
Abu Bakr al-Barqani told us, I read to Muhammad ibn Mahmoud al-Mahmoudi in Merv, he told you, Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hafiz told us, Is'haq ibn Mansour told us, Abdul-Samad narrated from his father, who said: "The saying of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, 'The one who cups and the one who is cupped break their fast' was mentioned to Abu Hanifa, and he said: 'This is a rhymed phrase.'"
It was mentioned to him a ruling from the rulings of Umar — or a statement from Umar — regarding al-walā, and he said: "This is the statement of a devil."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 388]
أخبرنا ابن رزق، أخبرنا أحمد بن جعفر بن سلم، حدثنا أحمد بن علي الأبار، حدثنا محمد بن يحيى النيسابوري - بنيسابور - حدثنا أبو معمر عبد الله بن عمرو بن أبي الحجاج، حدثنا عبد الوارث قال: كنت بمكة - وبها أبو حنيفة - فأتيته وعنده نفر، فسأله رجل عن مسألة، فأجاب فيها، فقال له الرجل: فما رواية عن عمر بن الخطاب؟ قال: ذاك قول شيطان. قال: فسبحت، فقال لي رجل:
أتعجب؟ فقد جاءه رجل قبل هذا فسأله عن مسألة فأجابه. قال: فما رواية رويت عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " أفطر الحاجم والمحجوم "؟ فقال: هذا سجع. فقلت في نفسي:
هذا مجلس لا أعود فيه أبدا.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٨٨]
Ibn Rizq told us, Ahmad ibn Ja'far ibn Sallam told us, Ahmad ibn Ali al-Abar told us, Muhammad ibn Yahya al-Naysaburi in Nishapur told us, Abu Ma'mar Abdullah ibn Amr ibn Abi al-Hajjaj told us:
Abdul-Warith said: "I was in Mecca, where Abu Hanifa was present. I came to him, and there were some people with him. A man asked him about an issue, and he answered. The man then asked him: 'What about the narration from 'Umar ibn al-Khattab?' Abu Hanifa replied: 'That is the saying of Shaytan.'
I then exclaimed in surprise, and a man said to me: 'Are you amazed? A man came to him earlier and asked him about an issue, and he gave an answer. He then asked: 'What is the narration you heard from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, "The one who cups and the one who is cupped break their fast?"' Abu Hanifa replied: 'This is a rhymed phrase.'
I said to myself: 'This is a gathering I will never return to.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 388]
أخبرنا محمد بن عبد الملك القرشي، أخبرنا أبو العباس أحمد بن محمد بن الحسين الرازي، حدثنا أبو عمرو محمد بن يعقوب بن إبراهيم النيسابوري سمعت أبا عبد الله محمد بن نصر المروزي يقول: سمعت إسحاق يقول قال: قال يحيى بن آدم: ذكر لأبي حنيفة هذا الحديث: أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: " الوضوء نصف الإيمان " قال:
لتتوضأ مرتين حتى تستكمل الإيمان. قال إسحاق: فقال يحيى بن آدم: الوضوء نصف الإيمان، يعني نصف الصلاة، لأن الله تعالى سمى الصلاة إيمانا، فقال: * (وما كان الله ليضيع إيمانكم) * [البقرة 143] يعني صلاتكم، وقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: " لا تقبل صلاة إلا بطهور " فالطهور نصف الإيمان على هذا المعنى. إذ كانت الصلاة لا تتم إلا به. قال أبو عبد الله. قال إسحاق: قال يحيى بن آدم: وذكر لأبي حنيفة قول من قال لا أدري نصف العلم. قال: فليقل مرتين لا أدري حتى يستكمل العلم. قال يحيى وتفسير قوله لا أدري نصف العلم، لأن العلم إنما هو أدري ولا أدري، فأحدهما نصف الآخر.
[تاريخ بغداد - الجزء ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٨٨-٣٨٩]
Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik al-Qurashi told us, Abu al-'Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Husayn al-Razi told us, Abu Amr Muhammad ibn Ya'qub ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi told us, I heard Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Nasr al-Marwazi say: "I heard Ishaq say:
Yahya ibn Adam said: 'This hadith was mentioned to Abu Hanifa: that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "Wudu' (ablution) is half of faith."
He replied: 'You should perform wudu' twice until you complete your faith.'
Ishaq said: 'Yahya ibn Adam explained: Wudu' is half of faith, meaning half of prayer, because Allah, the Exalted, called prayer faith, as He said: "And Allah would never let your faith be lost" [Al-Baqarah 143], meaning your prayer. And the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "No prayer is accepted without purification." So, purification is half of faith in this context, as prayer cannot be complete without it.'
Abu 'Abdullah said: 'Ishaq said: Yahya ibn Adam explained: The statement "I don’t know is half of knowledge" was mentioned to Abu Hanifa. He replied: "Say 'I don’t know' twice until you complete knowledge."
Yahya added: "The interpretation of the statement 'I don’t know is half of knowledge' is that knowledge consists of 'I know' and 'I don’t know,' so one of them is half of the other.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 388-389]
Ahl Sunnah accept that narration and understands it as it must be understood. Abu Hanifa did not know its meaning the way Yahya ibn Adam explained.
أخبرنا محمد بن أبي نصر النرسي، أخبرنا محمد بن عمر بن محمد ابن بهتة البزاز، أخبرنا أحمد بن محمد بن سعيد الكوفي، حدثنا موسى بن هارون ابن إسحاق، حدثنا العباس بن عبد العظيم - بالكوفة - حدثني أبو بكر بن أبي الأسود عن بشر بن المفضل قال: قلت لأبي حنيفة: نافع عن ابن عمر أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: " البيعان بالخيار ما لم يتفرقا " قال: هذا رجز. - قلت: قتادة عن أنس أن يهوديا رضخ رأس جارية بين حجرين، فرضخ النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم رأسه بين حجرين. قال: هذيان.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٨٧]
Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr al-Narasi told us, Muhammad ibn Umar ibn Muhammad ibn Bahtah al-Bazzaz told us, Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Saeed al-Kufi told us, Musa ibn Harun ibn Ishaq told us, al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Dhim told us in Kufa, Abu Bakr ibn Abi al-Aswad narrated:
Bashir ibn al-Mufaddal said: "I said to Abu Hanifa: 'Nafi' narrated from Ibn 'Umar that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "The two parties have the choice as long as they have not parted." He replied: 'This is a rhyme.'
I then said: 'Qatadah narrated from Anas that a Jew crushed the head of a girl between two stones, and the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, crushed his head between two stones.' He replied: 'Nonsense.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 387]
It does not mean that Abu Hanifa rejected an authentic narration, rather it means he disregarded it due to him viewing it as odd, something that is not practised in Kufah.
العباس بن عبد العظيم قال: حدثنا أبو بكر بن أبي الأسود قال: سمعت بشر بن المفضل يقول: قلت لأبي حنيفة: حدثنا شعبة عن هشام عن يزيد بن أنس عن انس " أن يهوديا رضخ رأس جارية بين حجرين فرضخ رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم رأسه بين حجرين " قال: هذيان.
[كتاب المجروحين - ابن حبان - ج ٣ - الصفحة ٧٠]
Ibn Hibban mentioned:
Al-‘Abbas ibn ‘Abd al-‘Azim said: "Abu Bakr ibn Abi al-Aswad narrated to us, who said: I heard Bishr ibn al-Mufaddal say: I said to Abu Hanifa, ‘Shu‘bah narrated to us from Hisham, from Yazid ibn Anas, from Anas: “A Jew crushed the head of a slave girl between two stones, so the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered that his head be crushed between two stones.”’
He (Abu Hanifa) said: ‘Nonsense.’"
[Kitab al-Majruhin - Volume 3 - Page 70]
Meaning, Abu Hanifa did not view that narration to be authentic.
أخبرنا ابن دوما أخبرنا ابن سلم، حدثنا الأبار، حدثنا الحسن بن علي الحلواني، حدثنا أبو صالح - يعني الفراء - حدثنا أبو إسحاق الفزاري قال: حدثت أبا حنيفة حديثا في رد السيف. فقال هذا حديث خرافة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٨٧]
Ibn Douma told us, Ibn Sallam told us, al-Abar told us, al-Hasan ibn Ali al-Halwani told us, Abu Salih — meaning al-Farra — told us, Abu Ishaq al-Fazari said: "I narrated to Abu Hanifa a hadith regarding witholding rebellion. He said, 'This is a myth.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 387]
أخبرنا أبو سعيد الحسن بن محمد بن عبد الله بن حسنويه الأصبهاني، أخبرنا عبد الله بن محمد بن عيسى الخشاب، حدثنا أحمد بن مهدي، حدثنا أحمد بن إبراهيم، حدثنا عبد السلام بن عبد الرحمن، حدثني إسماعيل بن عيسى بن علي الهاشمي قال: حدثني أبو إسحاق الفزاري قال: كنت آتي أبا حنيفة أسأله عن الشئ من أمر الغزو. فسألته عن مسألة، فأجاب فيها، فقلت له: إنه يروي فيها عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم كذا وكذا؟ قال: دعنا من هذا؟
قال: وسألته يوما آخر عن مسألة قال فأجاب فيها، قال فقلت له: إن هذا يروى عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فيه كذا وكذا، فقال: حك هذا بذنب خنزير.
[تاريخ بغداد - الجزء ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٨٦-٣٨٧]
Abu Sa’id al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Hasaniyah al-Isfahani told us, Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Isa al-Khasshab told us, Ahmad ibn Mahdi told us, Ahmad ibn Ibrahim told us, 'Abd al-Salam ibn Abd al-Rahman told me, Ismail ibn Isa ibn Ali al-Hashimi said:
Abu Ishaq al-Fazari told me: "I used to visit Abu Hanifa to ask him about matters related to warfare. I asked him a question, and he gave an answer. I then said to him: 'He narrates in this matter from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, such and such.' He replied: 'Leave that aside.'"
He said: "I asked him another day about a matter, and he gave an answer. I then said to him: 'This is narrated from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, as such and such.' He replied: 'Rub that with the tail of a pig.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 386-387]
Meaning, that narration is worthless due to its extreme weakness.
٤٠٩ - حَدَّثَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ الْبَزَّازُ، ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ شَبِيبٍ، سَمِعْتُ خَالِدًا أَبَا سَلَمَةَ الْجُهَنِيَّ، يَقُولُ لِأَبِي حَنِيفَةَ: «يَا أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ إِذَا جَاءَ الْأَثَرُ ضَرَبْنَا بِرَأْيِكَ الْحَائِطَ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٩]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ali ibn Shu'aib al-Bazzaz narrated to me, from Amr ibn Shabib, who heard Khalid Abu Salamah al-Juhani say to Abu Hanifa: "O Abu Hanifa, when the narration comes to us, we disregard your opinion."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 229]
This is a correct approach. One must always give presedence to the authentic Hadith over anyone's Raiyy, whether from Abu Hanifa, Malik, Awza'ee or others.
Abū Ḥanīfah, along with others, held the view that it was permissible to rebel against oppressive Muslim rulers.
This stance was considered by many among the Salaf Saliheen to be highly dangerous, as it could lead to widespread chaos.
There was a difference of opinion on this matter among the early scholars, but eventually, a consensus was reached that such rebellion is forbidden.
أخبرني علي بن أحمد الرزاز، أخبرنا علي بن محمد بن سعيد الموصلي قال: حدثنا الحسن بن الوضاح المؤدب، حدثنا مسلم بن أبي مسلم الحرقي، حدثنا أبو إسحاق الفزاري قال: سمعت سفيان الثوري والأوزاعي يقولان: ما ولد في الإسلام مولود أشأم على هذه الأمة من أبي حنيفة، وكان أبو حنيفة مرجئا يرى السيف. قال لي يوما: يا أبا إسحاق أين تسكن؟ قلت: المصيصة، قال: لو ذهبت حيث ذهب أخوك كان خيرا. قال: وكان أخو أبي إسحاق خرج مع المبيضة على المسودة فقتل.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٨٥]
Ali bin Ahmad Al-Razzaz informed me, Ali bin Muhammad bin Said Al-Mawsili told us, Al-Hasan bin Al-Waddah Al-Mu’addib narrated to us, Muslim bin Abi Muslim Al-Harqi said: Abu Ishaq Al-Fazari narrated to us, saying: I heard Sufyan Al-Thawri and Al-Awza'i both say: "No one was born in Islam more harmful for this Ummah than Abu Hanifa. Abu Hanifa was a Murji who viewed the sword."
One day, he said to me: "O Abu Ishaq, where do you live?" I said: "In Al-Masisa." He replied: "It would have been better for you to go where your brother went." My brother had gone out with the al-Mubayyida against the al-Musawwadah and was killed.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 385]
قلت لأبي داود: كان أبو حنيفة يرى السيف؟ قال: نعم. وقال: قبر أبو حنيفة ببغداد بمقبرة الخيزران.
[سؤالات الآجري لأبي داود - سليمان بن الأشعث - ج ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٧]
Al-Ajurri said to Abu Dawud: "Did Abu Hanifa believe in the sword (rebellion)?" He said: "Yes." And he (Abu Dawud) also said: "The grave of Abu Hanifa is in Baghdad, in the cemetery of Al-Khayzaran."
[Sualaat al-Ajurri - Abu Dawud - Volume 1 - Page 227]
Abu Dawud said the truth, Abu Hanifa was indeed of the view to rebel against the oppressive Muslim rulers.
وكان مذهبه مشهورا في قتال الظلمة وأئمة الجور، ولذلك قال الأوزاعي:
(احتملنا أبا حنيفة على كل شئ حتى جاءنا بالسيف - يعني قتال الظلمة - فلم نحتمله).
[أحكام القرآن - الجصاص - ج ١ - الصفحة ٨٥]
Abu Bakr al-Jassas al-Hanafi said:
His (Abu Hanifa) stance on fighting oppressors and unjust rulers was well known. That is why Al-Awza'i said: "We tolerated Abu Hanifa in everything until he came to us with the sword—meaning rebelling against the oppressors—then we could not tolerate him."
[Ahkaam al-Quran - Al-Jassas - Volume 1 - Page 85]
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَهْلِ بْنِ عَسْكَرٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو صَالِحٍ الْفَرَّاءُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا إِسْحَاقَ الْفَزَارِيَّ، يَقُولُ: كَانَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ مُرْجِئًا يَرَى السَّيْفَ.
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
'Abdullah ibn Ahmad narrated to us, saying: Muhammad ibn Sahl ibn 'Askar narrated to us, saying: Abu Salih al-Farra narrated to us, saying: I heard Abu Ishaq al-Fazari say: Abu Hanifa was a Murji, and he believed in the sword (meaning he supported rebellion against the Muslim ruler).
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ أَصْرَمَ الْمَدَنِيُّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو صَالِحٍ الْفَرَّاءُ، عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ أَسْبَاطٍ قَالَ: كَانَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ مُرْجِئًا , وَكَانَ يَرَى السَّيْفَ , وَوُلِدَ عَلَى غَيْرِ الْفِطْرَةِ.
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
Ahmad ibn Asram al-Madani narrated to me, saying: Muhammad ibn Harun narrated to us, saying: Abu Salih al-Farra narrated to us, from Yusuf ibn Asbat, who said: Abu Hanifa was a Murji, and he believed in the sword (meaning he supported rebellion against the Muslim ruler), and he was born on a state other than the Fitrah.
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
Yusuf ibn Asbat regarded Abu Hanifa to be an exception, due to the many mistakes he made. He said that he was not born upon the Fitrah.
حَدَّثَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي خَالِدٍ الْمِصِّيصِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ وَكِيعَ بْنَ الْجَرَّاحِ، وَسُئِلَ عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ قَالَ: كَانَ مُرْجِئًا يَرَى السَّيْفَ.
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
Al-Fadl ibn Abdullah narrated to us, saying: Muhammad ibn Abi Khalid Al-Missiysi narrated to us, saying: I heard Waki' ibn Al-Jarrah, and he was asked about Abu Hanifa. He said: "He was a Murji and saw the sword (meaning he supported rebellion against the Muslim ruler)."
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَامِرٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ بَرَّادٍ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ إِدْرِيسَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ، وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ عَلَى دَرَجَتِهِ وَرَجُلَانِ يَسْتَفْتِيَانِهِ فِي الْخُرُوجِ مَعَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ , وَهُوَ يَقُولُ لَهُمَا: اخْرُجَا اخْرُجَا.
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Uthman ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us, saying: Abu 'Amir ‘Abdullah ibn Barrad al-Ash‘ari narrated to us, saying: "I heard Abu Hanifa, while standing on his platform, say to the two men inquiring about going out with Ibrahim: 'Go ahead, go ahead (meaning, go rebel).'"
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
٣٢٥ - حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ، ثنا أَبُو تَوْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، قَالَ: «كَانَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ مُرْجِئًا يَرَى السَّيْفَ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٠٧]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ibrahim said: Abu Tawbah narrated to us from Abu Ishaq, who said: "Abu Hanifa was a Murji who believed in the sword."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 207]
٣١٩ - حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، ثنا أَبُو تَوْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْفَزَارِيِّ، قَالَ: " قَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ أَيْنَ تَسْكُنُ؟ قُلْتُ الْمِصِّيصَةَ، قَالَ: أَخُوكَ كَانَ خَيْرًا مِنْكَ قَالَ وَكَانَ قُتِلَ مَعَ الْمُبَيَّضَةِ "
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٠٦]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ibrahim ibn Said said: Abu Tawbah narrated to us from Abu Ishaq al-Fazari, who said: "Abu Hanifa asked, 'Where do you live?' I replied, 'Al-Misisa.' He said, 'Your brother was better than you.' He said, 'And he was killed alongside al-Mubayyida.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 206]
٣٢٢ - حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ، ثنا أَبُو تَوْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْفَزَارِيِّ، قَالَ " حَدَّثْتُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ، عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِحَدِيثٍ فِي رَدِّ السَّيْفِ فَقَالَ: هَذَا حَدِيثُ خُرَافَةٍ "
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٠٧]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ibrahim said: Abu Tawbah narrated to us from Abu Ishaq al-Fazari, who said: "I narrated to Abu Hanifa a hadith from the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, regarding the withholding of the sword. He said, 'This hadith is a myth.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 207]
٢٣٣ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ شَمَّاسِ السَّمَرْقَنْدِيُّ، قَالَ ⦗١٨٢⦘ قَالَ رَجُلٌ لِابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ وَنَحْنُ عِنْدَهُ «إِنَّ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ كَانَ مُرْجِئًا يَرَى السَّيْفَ»، فَلَمْ يُنْكِرْ عَلَيْهِ ذَلِكَ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٨١]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu al-Fadl al-Khurasani narrated to me, Ibrahim bin Shamas al-Samarqandi narrated to us, who said: A man said to Ibn al-Mubarak while we were with him, "Indeed, Abu Hanifa was a Murji' and he supports the sword (rebellion)." Ibn al-Mubarak did not deny this statement.
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 181]
Ibn al-Mubarak did not deny this because it is true. Abu Hanifa was a Murji, and he viewed rebellion against the oppressive Muslim rulers.
٢٣٤ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ، ثنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُوسَى الْأَشْيَبُ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا يُوسُفَ، يَقُولُ: «كَانَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ يَرَى السَّيْفَ» قُلْتُ: فَأَنْتَ؟ قَالَ: «مَعَاذَ اللَّهِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٨٢]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu al-Fadl al-Khurasani narrated to me, and Hasan bin Musa al-Ashyab narrated to us, who said: I heard Abu Yusuf say, "Abu Hanifa used to support the sword (rebellion)." I said: And you? He replied: "God forbid."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 182]
٢٤٢ - حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ، مِنْ أَهْلِ مَرْوَ قَالَ دَخَلْنَا عَلَى عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ أَبِي رِزْمَةَ نَعُودُهُ أَنَا وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ شَبُّوَيْهِ وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ يُونُسَ فَقَالَ لِي عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ: يَا أَبَا سَعِيدٍ، عِنْدِي سِرٌّ كُنْتُ أَطْوِيهِ عَنْكُمْ فَأُخْبِرُكُمْ، وَأَخْرَجَ بِيَدِهِ عَنْ فِرَاشِهِ فَقَالَ سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ الْمُبَارَكِ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الْأَوْزَاعِيَّ يَقُولُ: «احْتَمَلْنَا عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ كَذَا وَعَقَدَ بِأُصْبُعِهِ، وَاحْتَمَلْنَا عَنْهُ كَذَا وَعَقَدَ بِأُصْبُعِهِ الثَّانِيَةِ، وَاحْتَمَلْنَا عَنْهُ كَذَا وَعَقَدَ بِأُصْبُعِهِ الثَّالِثَةِ الْعُيُوبَ حَتَّى جَاءَ السَّيْفُ عَلَى أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَلَمَّا جَاءَ السَّيْفُ عَلَى أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمْ نَقْدِرْ أَنْ نَحْتِمَلَهُ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٨٥]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abdah ibn Abd al-Rahim, from the people of Merv, narrated: We visited Abd al-Aziz ibn Abi Rizma to offer him our regards, along with Ahmad ibn Shabwiyah and Ali ibn Yunus.
Abd al-Aziz said to me: "O Abu Sa'id, I have a secret that I had been keeping from you, but I will now reveal it to you." He then raised his hand from his bedding and said: "I heard Ibn al-Mubarak say: 'I heard al-Awza'i say: "We accepted from Abu Hanifa such and such," and he gestured with one of his fingers. Then we accepted from him such and such," and he gestured with another finger. Then we accepted from him such and such," and he gestured with his third finger. We accepted the defects until the sword came upon the Ummah of Muhammad (ﷺ). And when the sword came upon the Ummah of Muhammad (ﷺ), we could no longer tolerate it.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 185]
٣٧٢ - حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدٌ، نا أَبُو صَالِحٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا إِسْحَاقَ الْفَزَارِيَّ، يَقُولُ: قَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ: «يَا أَبَا إِسْحَاقَ أَيْنَ تَسْكُنُ الْيَوْمَ؟» فَقُلْتُ لَهُ بِالْمِصِّيصَةِ، قَالَ: «لَوْ ذَهَبْتَ حَيْثُ ذَهَبَ أَخُوكَ كَانَ خَيْرًا لَكَ، وَكَانَ أَخُو أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ خَرَجَ مَعَ الْمُبِيِّضَةِ فَقَتَلَهُ الْمُسَوِّدَةُ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١٩]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Muhammad narrated to us, Abu Salih narrated to us, who said: "I heard Abu Ishaq al-Fazari say: Abu Hanifa said: 'O Abu Ishaq, where are you staying today?' I replied: 'In al-Missisa.' He said: 'It would have been better for you if you had gone where your brother went, for the brother of Abu Ishaq had gone with al-Mubayyida and was killed by al-Musuwwida.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 219]
٣٧٣ - حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنِي خَلَفُ بْنُ تَمِيمٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَزَارِيُّ، قَالَ: قَالَ لِي أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ: «مَخْرَجُ أَخِيكَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ مَخْرَجِكَ قَالَ خَلَفٌ وَكَانَ الْفَزَارِيُّ خَرَجَ إِلَى الْمِصِّيصَةِ وَخَرَجَ أَخُوهُ مَعَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حِينَ خَرَجَ بِالْبَصْرَةِ فِي الْفِتْنَةِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١٩]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ahmad ibn Ibrahim narrated to me, Khalaf ibn Tamim narrated to me, and Abu Ishaq al-Fazari narrated to me, saying: Abu Hanifa said to me: "The departure of your brother is more beloved to me than your departure." Khalaf said, and al-Fazari had gone to al-Misissa, and his brother went with Ibrahim when he left for Basra during the fitna.
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 219]
٣٦٧ - حَدَّثَنِي مَنْصُورُ بْنُ أَبِي مُزَاحِمٍ، نا يَزِيدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْفَزَارِيِّ، قَالَ: لَمَّا قُتِلَ أَخِي جِئْتُ الْكُوفَةَ فَسَأَلْتُ عَنْ أَخِي فَقَالُوا: اسْتَفْتَى أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ فِي الْخُرُوجِ مَعَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فَأَفْتَاهُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ تُفْتِي أَخِي بِالْخُرُوجِ مَعَهُ؟ يَعْنِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ وَهُو خَيْرٌ مِنْكَ
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١٨]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Mansur ibn Abi Muzahim narrated to us, Yazid ibn Yusuf narrated from Abu Ishaq al-Fazari, who said: "When my brother was killed, I came to Kufa and asked about him. They said: 'He asked Abu Hanifa for a fatwa about going out with Ibrahim, and he gave him the fatwa.' I said to him: 'Do you give my brother the fatwa to go out with him? I mean Ibrahim.' He replied: 'Yes, and he is better than you.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 218]
٣٦٨ - حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ أَبُو نَشِيطٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو صَالِحٍ يَعْنِي الْفَرَّاءَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا إِسْحَاقَ الْفَزَارِيَّ، يَقُولُ: «كَانَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ مُرْجِئًا يَرَى السَّيْفَ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١٨]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Harun Abu Nashit narrated to us, Abu Salih, meaning al-Farra, narrated to us, who said: "I heard Abu Ishaq al-Fazari say: 'Abu Hanifa was a Murji who viewed the sword.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 218]
٣٦٩ - حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، نا أَبُو صَالِحٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْفَزَارِيَّ، يَقُولُ «حَدَّثْتُ ⦗٢١٩⦘ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ، بِحَدِيثٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي رَدِّ السَّيْفِ فَقَالَ هَذَا حَدِيثُ خُرَافَةٍ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١٨]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Harun narrated to us, Abu Salih narrated to us, who said: "I heard al-Fazari say: 'I told Abu Hanifa a hadith from the Prophet (ﷺ) regarding the rejection of the sword, and he said: "This Hadith is a myth."'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 218]
٣٦٣ - حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، ثنا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْفَزَارِيِّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ، وَالْأَوْزَاعِيَّ، يَقُولَانِ: «إِنَّ قَوْلَ الْمُرْجِئَةِ يَخْرُجُ إِلَى السَّيْفِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١٧]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abdullah ibn Umar, Abu Abd al-Rahman, narrated to us, Abu Usama narrated to us from Abu Ishaq al-Fazari, who said: "I heard Sufyan and al-Awza'i say: 'The statement of the Murji'ah leads to the sword.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 217]
«حَدَّثَنِي صَفْوَانُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْأَوْزَاعِيَّ يَقُولُ:
أَتَانِي شُعَيْبُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ وَابْنُ أَبِي مَالِكٍ وَابْنُ عَلَّاقٍ وَابْنُ نَاصِحٍ فَقَالُوا: قَدْ أَخَذْنَا عَنْ أَبِي حنيفة شيئا (٢٥٠ ب) فانظر فيه. فلم يبرح بي وبهم حتى أريتهم فيما جاءوني به عنه أَنَّهُ قَدْ أُحِلَّ لَهُمُ الْخُرُوجُ عَلَى الْأَئِمَّةِ».
[المعرفة والتاريخ - الفسوي - الجزء ٢ - الصفحة ٧٨٨]
Al-Fassawi mentioned:
Safwan bin Salih narrated to me, saying: 'Umar told us: I heard Al-Awza'i say:
"Shu'ayb bin Ishaq, Ibn Abi Malik, Ibn 'Alaq, and Ibn Nasih came to me and said: 'We have taken something from Abu Hanifa, so look into it.' I did not leave them until I showed them, based on what they had brought to me from him, that it had been made lawful for them to rise up against the rulers."
[Al-Ma'rifah wal-Tarikh - Al-Fassawi - Volume 2 - Page 788]
حَدَّثَنِي صَفْوَانُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ ثنا عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ السُّلَمِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَزَارِيَّ يُحَدِّثُ الْأَوْزَاعِيَّ قَالَ: قُتِلَ أَخِي مَعَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْفَاطِمِيِّ بِالْبَصْرَةِ، فَرَكِبْتُ لِأَتَعَدّ فِي تِرْكَتِهِ، فَلَقِيتُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ قَالَ لِي: مِنْ أَيْنَ أَقْبَلْتَ؟ وَأَيْنَ أَرَدْتَ؟ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ أَنِّي أَقْبَلْتُ مِنَ الْمَصِّيصَةِ وَأَرَدْتُ أَخًا لِي قُتِلَ مَعَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، فَقَالَ: لَوْ أَنَّكَ قُتِلْتَ مَعَ أَخِيكَ كَانَ خَيْرًا لَكَ مِنَ الْمَكَانِ الَّذِي جِئْتَ مِنْهُ. قُلْتُ: فَمَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْتَ مِنْ ذَاكَ؟ قَالَ: لَوْلَا وَدَائِعُ كَانَتْ عِنْدِي وَأَشْيَاءُ للناس ما تلثت فِي ذَلِكَ.
[المعرفة والتاريخ - الفسوي - الجزء ٢ - الصفحة ٧٨٨]
Al-Fassawi mentioned:
Safwan bin Salih Al-Dimashqi narrated to me, saying: Umar bin Abdul Wahid Al-Sulami told us: I heard Ibrahim bin Muhammad Al-Fazari narrating to Al-Awza'i. He (al-Fazari) said: My brother was killed alongside Ibrahim Al-Fatimi in Basra, so I traveled to attend to his inheritance. I met Abu Hanifa, who asked me: "Where have you come from, and where are you heading?"
I informed him that I had come from Al-Masisa and was heading to see about a brother of mine who had been killed with Ibrahim. He said: "If you had been killed with your brother, it would have been better for you than the place you came from."
I replied: "What prevented you from doing the same?"
He responded: "Had it not been for the trusts that were with me and certain obligations I owed to people, I would not have hesitated to join in that."
[Al-Ma'rifah wal-Tarikh - Al-Fassawi - Volume 2 - Page 788]
The meaning of this is that Abu Hanifa said it is better to rebel against the oppressive Muslim ruler than to go to war against the kuffar. Abu Ishaq was in Masisa to go to war against the kuffar.
أخبرني محمد بن أحمد بن يعقوب، أخبرنا محمد بن نعيم الضبي، أخبرنا أبو علي الحافظ، حدثنا عبد الله بن محمود المروزي قال: سمعت محمد بن عبد الله ابن قهزاد يقول: سمعت أبا الوزير أنه حضر عبد الله بن المبارك فروى عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم حديثا، فقال له رجل: ما قول أبي حنيفة في هذا؟ فقال عبد الله: أحدثك عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، وتيء برجل كان يرى السيف في أمة محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم؟.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٨٣]
Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Ya'qub informed me, Muhammad bin Nu'aim Al-Dhubi told us, Abu Ali Al-Hafiz narrated to us, Abdullah bin Mahmoud Al-Marwazi said: I heard Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Qahzad say: I heard Abu Al-Wazir say:
He was present when Abdullah bin Mubarak narrated a hadith from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and a man asked him: "What does Abu Hanifa say about this?"
Abdullah replied: "I am narrating to you from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and you ask about a man who used to see the sword drawn against the Ummah of Muhammad (ﷺ)?"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 383]
أخبرنا ابن الفضل، أخبرنا عبد الله بن جعفر بن درستويه، حدثنا يعقوب بن سفيان، حدثني صفوان بن صالح، حدثنا عمر بن عبد الواحد قال: سمعت الأوزاعي يقول: أتاني شعيب بن إسحاق وابن أبي مالك وابن علاق وابن ناصح فقالوا: قد أخذنا عن أبي حنيفة شيئا، فانظر فيه، فلم يبرح بي وبهم حتى أريتهم فمما جاؤني به عنه أنه أحل لهم الخروج على الأئمة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٨٣]
Ibn Al-Fadl informed us, Abdullah bin Ja'far bin Darrustawayh told us, Ya'qub bin Sufyan narrated to me, Safwan bin Saleh told us, Omar bin Abdul Wahid said: I heard Al-Awza'i say: "Shu'ayb bin Ishaq, Ibn Abi Malik, Ibn 'Alaq, and Ibn Nasih came to me and said: 'We have taken something from Abu Hanifa, so look into it.' I did not depart from them until I showed them. Among what they brought to me from him was that he permitted them to revolt against the rulers."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 383]
أخبرنا طلحة بن علي بن الصقر الكتاني، أخبرنا محمد بن عبد الله الشافعي قال: حدثني أبو شيخ الأصبهاني، حدثنا الأثرم. وأخبرنا إبراهيم بن عمر البرمكي، أخبرنا محمد بن عبد الله بن خلف الدقاق، حدثنا عمر بن محمد الجوهري، حدثنا أبو بكر الأثرم قال: سمعت أبا عبد الله يقول: قال ابن المبارك:
ذكرت أبا حنيفة يوما عند الأوزاعي فأعرض عني، فعاتبته. فقال تجيء إلى رجل يرى السيف في أمة محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم فتذكره عندنا.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٨٣]
Talhah bin Ali bin Al-Saqr Al-Katani informed us, Muhammad bin Abdullah Al-Shafi'i told us, Abu Shaykh Al-Isbahani narrated to me, Al-Athram informed us.
Ibrahim bin Omar Al-Barmaki also informed us, Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Khalaf Al-Daqaq narrated to us, Omar bin Muhammad Al-Jawhari told us, Abu Bakr Al-Athram said: I heard Abu Abdullah say:
Ibn Mubarak said: "I mentioned Abu Hanifa one day in front of Al-Awza'i, and he turned away from me. I reproached him for this. He said: 'You come to a man who sees the sword being drawn against the Ummah of Muhammad (ﷺ), and you mention him to us?'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 383]
أخبرنا ابن دوما النعالي، أخبرنا أحمد بن جعفر بن سلم، حدثنا أحمد ابن علي الأبار، حدثنا الحسن بن علي الحلواني، حدثنا أحمد بن محمد، حدثنا عبد العزيز بن أبي رزمة عن ابن المبارك قال: كنت عند الأوزاعي، فذكرت أبا الحنيفة، فلما كان عند الوداع قلت: أوصني، قال: قد أردت ذلك ولو لم تسألني، سمعتك تطري رجلا يرى السيف في الأمة. قال: فقلت: ألا أخبرتني؟
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٨٤]
Ibn Duma Al-Na'ali informed us, Ahmad bin Ja'far bin Sallam told us, Ahmad bin Ali Al-Abbar narrated to us, Al-Hasan bin Ali Al-Halwani said, Ahmad bin Muhammad told us, 'Abdul Aziz bin Abi Ruzmah narrated:
Ibn Mubarak said: "I was with Al-Awza'i, and I mentioned Abu Hanifa. When it was time to part, I said: 'Give me advice.' He replied: 'I intended to do that, even if you hadn't asked. I heard you praise a man who used to see the sword being drawn against the Ummah.' I (Ibn al-Mubarak) said: 'Why didn’t you tell me earlier?'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 384]
وقال الأبار: حدثنا منصور بن أبي مزاحم، حدثني يزيد بن يوسف قال: قال لي أبو إسحاق الفزاري: جاءني نعي أخي من العراق - وخرج مع إبراهيم بن عبد الله الطالبي - فقدمت الكوفة، فأخبروني أنه قتل وأنه قد استشار سفيان الثوري وأبا حنيفة، فأتيت سفيان أنبئه مصيبتي بأخي، وأخبرت أنه استفتاك؟
قال: نعم، قد جاءني فاستفتاني، فقلت: ماذا أفتيته؟ قال: قلت لا آمرك بالخروج ولا أنهاك، قال: فأتيت أبا حنيفة، فقلت له بلغني أن أخي أتاك فاستفتاك؟ قال: قد أتاني واستفتاني، قال: قلت: فبم أفتيته؟ قال: أفتيته بالخروج. قال: فأقبلت عليه فقلت: لا جزاك الله خيرا. قال: هذا رأيي. قال: فحدثته بحديث عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في الرد.
لهذا، فقال هذه خرافة - يعني حديث النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٨٤]
(Ibn Duma Al-Na'ali informed us, Ahmad bin Ja'far bin Sallam told us, Ahmad bin Ali) Al-Abbar said: "Manṣūr bin Abī Mazāḥim narrated to us, Yazīd bin Yūsuf told me, Abu Isḥāq Al-Fazārī said:
'I received the news of my brother's death from Iraq – he had gone out with Ibrāhīm bin Abdullah Al-Ṭālibī. I went to Kufa and was told that he had been killed and that he had consulted Sufyān Al-Thawrī and Abu Ḥanīfa. I went to Sufyān to inform him of my loss and told him that he had asked for your legal opinion.'
Sufyān said: 'Yes, he came to me and asked my opinion. I told him: "I do not command you to go out, nor do I forbid you."'
Then I went to Abu Ḥanīfa and said to him: 'I heard that my brother came to you and asked for your opinion.' He replied: 'Yes, he came to me and asked for my opinion.' I said: 'What did you advise him?' He said: 'I advised him to go out.' I turned to him and said: 'May Allah not reward you well.' He said: 'This is my opinion.'
I then mentioned a hadith from the Prophet (ﷺ) regarding the rejection of this, to which he responded: 'This is nonsense,' meaning this hadith of the Prophet (ﷺ).'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 384]
أخبرنا ابن الفضل، أخبرنا ابن درستويه حدثنا يعقوب قال: حدثني صفوان بن صالح الدمشقي، حدثني عمر بن عبد الواحد السلمي قال: سمعت إبراهيم بن محمد الفزاري يحدث الأوزاعي قال: قتل أخي مع إبراهيم الفاطمي بالبصرة، فركبت لأنظر في تركته، لقيت أبا حنيفة. فقال لي: من أين أقبلت وأين أردت؟ فأخبرته أني أقبلت من المصيصة وأردت أخا لي قتل مع إبراهيم، فقال: لو أنك قتلت مع أخيك كان خيرا لك من المكان الذي جئت منه. قلت: فما منعك أنت من ذاك؟ قال: لولا ودائع كانت عندي وأشياء للناس ما استأنيت في ذلك.
[تاريخ بغداد - المجلد ١٣ - الصفحتان ٣٨٤-٣٨٥]
Ibn Al-Fadl informed us, Ibn Darrustawayh told us, Ya'qub said: Safwan bin Saleh Al-Dimashqi narrated to me, 'Umar bin 'Abdul-Wahid Al-Sulami said: I heard Ibrahim bin Muhammad Al-Fazari narrate to Al-Awza'i, saying:
"My brother was killed with Ibrahim Al-Fatimi in Basra, so I set out to look into his inheritance. I met Abu Hanifa, who asked me: 'Where did you come from and where are you headed?' I told him that I had come from Al-Masisa and was heading to my brother, who was killed with Ibrahim. He said: 'Had you been killed with your brother, it would have been better for you than the place you came from.' I asked: 'What prevented you from doing that?' He replied: 'Had it not been for the deposits I had and the affairs of the people, I would not have delayed in that matter.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 384-385]
Abu Hanifa was known for his great insights in Fiqh. As for his views on Aqeedah, he was not part of Ahl Sunnah wal-Jama'ah, as he was from the Murjiah.
And he also was not known for his ascetisicm (Zuhd) or extensive worship. Those were not his fields, as he busied himself with Fiqh.
And it is okay for a scholar to not choose a life of full ascetisicm. One can find a balance, and that is also acceptable.
Abu Hanifa was known to wear nice and expensive clothes, but he never flaunted them. This is also narrated by the scholars of the Salaf Saliheen, including Imam Malik and others.
He was also not known for his knowledge of Hadith, as he was not from Ashab al-Hadith. However, there were companions of his that were knowledgable in Hadith, and they related them to Abu Hanifa.
As for his insights in the context of the Hadiths and their meaning, he was considered a master in that, as his Fiqh was strong in many issues.
٣٤٦ - حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيمِ مَرْوَزِيُّ شَيْخٌ صَالِحٌ أَنَا سَلَمَةُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، قَالَ: دَخَلَ حَمْزَةُ الْبَزَّارُ عَلَى ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ لَقَدْ بَلَغَنِي مِنْ بَصَرِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ وَاجْتِهَادِهِ فِي الْعِبَادَةِ حَتَّى لَا أَدْرِي مَنْ كَانَ يُدَانِيهِ فَقَالَ ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ: " أَمَّا مَا قُلْتَ بَصُرَ بِالْحَدِيثِ فَمَا لِذَلِكَ بِخَلِيقٍ لَقَدْ كُنْتُ آتِيَهُ سِرًّا مِنْ سُفْيَانَ وَإِنَّ أَصْحَابِي كَانُوا لَيَلُومُونَنِي عَلَى إِتْيَانِهِ وَيَقُولُونَ أَصَابَ كُتُبَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ فَرَوَاهَا، وَأَمَّا مَا قُلْتَ مِنَ اجْتِهَادِهِ فِي الْعِبَادَةِ فَمَا كَانَ بِخَلِيقٍ لِذَلِكَ لَقَدْ كَانَ يُصْبِحُ نَشِيطًا فِي الْمَسَائِلِ وَيَكُونُ ذَلِكَ دَأَبَهُ حَتَّى رُبَّمَا فَاتَتْهُ الْقَائِلَةُ ثُمَّ يُمْسِي وَهُو نَشِيطٌ وَصَاحِبُ الْعِبَادَةِ وَالسَّهَرِ يُصْبِحُ وَلَهُ فَتْرَةٌ
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢١٢]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Narrated to me by Abdah ibn Abd al-Rahim, a righteous sheikh, from Salamah ibn Sulayman, who said: Hamzah al-Bazzar entered upon Ibn al-Mubarak and said: "O Abu Abd al-Rahman, it has reached me about the knowledge of Abu Hanifa in Hadith and his dedication in worship, until I do not know who could compare to him."
Ibn al-Mubarak replied: "As for what you said about his knowledge of Hadith, that is not true. I used to visit him secretly from Sufyan, and my companions used to blame me for visiting him, saying he had obtained the books of Muhammad ibn Ja'far and narrated from them.
As for what you said about his dedication in worship, that is not true. He used to wake up energetic for his matters, and this was his habit. Sometimes, the mid-day rest (Qaylulah) would pass him, then he would come in the evening still energetic. But the one who is truly devoted to worship and night prayers wakes up fatigued."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 212]
Abu Hanifa was not Sahib al-Hadith, and he did not put effort into finding narrations like Ashab al-Hadith did. In that, he is not uncomparable.
Abu Hanifa was not primarily known for his worship, rather he was known for his extensive Fiqh. And that is what Ibn al-Mubarak meant by that it is not the case that Abu Hanifa is uncomparable with others in worship.
Imam Bukhari, the author of the Sahih. He wrote many great works besides that, such like 'Adab al-Mufrad' and "Khalq af'aal al-'Ibaad". He criticized Abu Hanifa, and he followed his teacher (Imam Ahmad) in boycotting Ahl al-Raiyy.
May Allah have be pleased with both Imam Ahmad and Imam Bukhari for their great efforts.
2253 - نعمان بن ثابت أبو حنيفة الكوفي مولى لبني تيم الله بن ثعلبة روى عنه عباد بن العوام وابن المبارك وهشيم ووكيع ومسلم بن خالد وأبو معاوية والمقري كان مرجئا سكتوا (عنه و - 1) عن رأيه وعن حديثه، قال أبو نعيم مات أبو حنيفة سنة خمسين ومائة.
[التاريخ الكبير - البخاري - ج ٨ - الصفحة ٨١]
Imam Bukhari said:
"Nu‘man bin Thabit, Abu Hanifa al-Kufi, a client (mawla) of Banu Taym Allah bin Tha‘labah.
‘Abbad bin al-‘Awwam, Ibn al-Mubarak, Hushaym, Waki‘, Muslim bin Khalid, Abu Mu‘awiyah, and al-Muqri‘ narrated from him.
He was a Murji. They remained silent about him (abandoned him) — about his views and his hadith.
Abu Nu‘aym said that Abu Hanifa died in the year 150 AH.
[Tarikh al-Kabir - Imam Bukhari - Volume 8 - Page 81]
2198 - سليم بن عيسى القارئ الكوفي، سمع الثوري وحمزة الزيات، روى عنه أحمد بن حميد وضرار بن صرد، قال لي ضرار بن صرد حدثنا سليم سمع سفيان: قال لي حماد بن أبي سليمان أبلغ أبا حنيفة المشرك أني برئ منه، قال: وكان يقول: القرآن مخلوق، وهو مولى لبني تيم بن ثعلبة بن ربيعة.
[التاريخ الكبير - البخاري - ج ٤ - الصفحة ١٢٧]
Imam Bukhari mentioned:
Sulaym bin 'Isa, the reciter from Kufa.
He heard (narrations from) Al-Thawri and Hamzah al-Zayyat. Ahmad bin Humaid and Dhirar bin Surad narrated from him.
Dirar bin Surad said to me: Sulaym narrated to us, from Sufyan, who said: Hammād bin Abī Sulaymān said to me, "Convey to Abu Hanifa the polytheist that I disavow him. For he (Abu Hanifa) said: 'The Qur’an is created.' He (Abu Hanifa) was a client (mawla) of Banu Taym bin Tha‘labah bin Rabi‘ah."
[Tarikh al-Kabir - Imam Bukhari - Volume 4 - Page 127]
قال أبو نعيم مات أبو جناب سنة خمسين ومائة ومات النعمان هو بن ثابت سنة خمسين ومائة ويوم مات له سبعون سنة
[التاريخ الصغير - البخاري - ج ٢ - الصفحة ٩٣]
Imam Bukhari mentioned:
Abu Nu‘aym said: "Abu Junab died in the year 150 AH, and al-Nu‘man – that is, Ibn Thabit – died in the year 150 AH, and on the day he died, he was seventy years old."
[Tarikh al-Saghir - Imam Bukhari - Volume 2 - Page 93]
حدثنا نعيم بن حماد قال حدثنا الفزاري قال كنت عند سفيان فنعى النعمان فقال الحمد لله كان ينقض الاسلام عروة ما ولد في الاسلام أشأم منه
[التاريخ الصغير - البخاري - ج ٢ - الصفحة ٩٣]
Imam Bukhari mentioned:
Nu‘aym bin Hammad narrated to us, he said: Al-Fazari narrated to us, he said: "I was with Sufyan when the death of al-Nu‘man (Abu Hanifa) was announced, so he said: ‘Praise be to Allah. He used to dismantle Islam knot by knot. No one born in Islam was more harmful than him.’"
[Tarikh al-Saghir - Imam Bukhari - Volume 2 - Page 93]
٣٨٨- النعمان بن ثابت أبو حنيفة الكوفي، مات سنة خمسين ومائة، حدثنا نعيم بن حماد, ثنا يحيى بن سعيد، ومعاذ بن معاذ, سمعنا الثوري يقول: استتيب أبو حنيفة من الكفر مرتين. حدثنا نعيم ثنا الفزاري, قال: كنت عند الثوري، فنُعي أبو حنيفة، فقال: الحمد لله، وسجد، قال: كان ينقض الإسلام عروة عروة، وقال يعني الثوري: ما ولد في الإسلام مولود أشأم منه.
[ص132 - كتاب الضعفاء الصغير للبخاري]
Imam Bukhari mentioned:
388 - Nu‘man bin Thabit, Abu Hanifa al-Kufi, died in the year 150 AH.
Nu‘aym bin Hammad narrated to us, he said: Yahya bin Sa‘id and Mu‘adh bin Mu‘adh narrated to us — we heard Al-Thawri say: "Abu Hanifa was asked to repent from disbelief twice."
Nu‘aym also narrated to us, saying: Al-Fazari narrated to us, he said: "I was with Al-Thawri when the death of Abu Hanifa was announced, and he said: 'Praise be to Allah,' and he prostrated out of thanks (Sujud al-Shukr). He (Thawri) said: 'He used to dismantle Islam knot by knot.' And he said: 'No one born in Islam was more harmful than him.'"
[Al-Du'afaa al-Saghir - Imam Bukhari - Page 132]
Imam Bukhari mentioned Abu Hanifa in three of his books. All mention Abu Hanifa with critique. Abu Hanifa is regarded to be weak by Imam Bukhari, thus being mentioned in his book "Al-Du'afaa al-Saghir".
Al-Awza'ee (born in 87 Hijri, died in 157 Hijri) heavily criticized Abu Hanifa (born in 80 Hijri, died in 150 Hijri), but followed him in some of his Fiqhi views. However, Al-Awza'ee was known to warn against Abu Hanifa.
Both al-Awza'ee and Abu Hanifa died when they reached the age of 70, which is pretty special.
Al-Awza'ee made Ibn al-Mubarak retract from praising Abu Hanifa's Fiqh, because Abu Hanifa held some innovative stances that were regarded to be destructive.
He viewed Abu Hanifa's excessive use of Raiyy and Qiyas as detrimental to the religion, fearing that people would abandon the Sunnah and instead rely on personal opinions.
أخبرنا ابن رزق البرقاني قالا: أخبرنا محمد بن جعفر بن الهيثم الأنباري، حدثنا جعفر بن محمد بن شاكر، حدثنا رجاء بن السندي قال:
سمعت سليمان بن حسان الحلبي يقول: سمعت الأوزاعي - مالا أحصيه - يقول: عمد أبو حنيفة إلى عرى الإسلام فنقضها عروة عروة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٨]
Ibn Rizq and al-Barqani informed us, Muhammad ibn Ja‘far ibn al-Haytham al-Anbari informed us, Ja‘far ibn Muhammad ibn Shakir narrated to us, Raja ibn al-Sindi narrated to us, saying: I heard Sulayman ibn Hassan al-Halabi (Majhul) say:
I heard al-Awza‘i—countless times—say: "Abu Hanifa deliberately targeted the foundations of Islam and dismantled them, knot by knot."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 398]
حدثني الحسن بن عبد العزيز الجروي الجذامي قال سمعت أبا حفص عمرو بن أبي سلمة التنيسي قال سمعت الأوزاعي يقول ما ولد في الاسلام مولود أضر على الاسلام من أبي حنيفة وأبي مسلم صاحب
[العلل - أحمد بن حنبل - ج ٢ - الصفحة ٥٤٦]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Al-Hasan ibn Abd al-Aziz al-Jarawi al-Judhami narrated to me, saying: I heard Abu Hafs Amr ibn Abi Salamah al-Tannisi say: I heard al-Awza‘i say: "No one has been born in Islam more harmful to Islam than Abu Hanifa and Abu Muslim (leader of the Abbasid revolution), his companion."
[Al-'Ilal - Imam Ahmad - Volume 2 - Page 546]
٣٣١ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْعَطَّارُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنَ الْفَارِسِيِّ، قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ: وَكَانَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ يَسْتَعْقِلُهُ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا هَزَّانَ، يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ الْأَوْزَاعِيَّ، يَقُولُ: «اسْتُتِيبَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ مِنَ الْكُفْرِ مَرَّتَيْنِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٠٩]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu al-Hasan al-Attar, Muhammad ibn Muhammad, said: I heard Abu Abd al-Malik ibn al-Farisi, from Abu al-Hasan (Whom Abu Ubayd regarded unreliable), from Hazzan, from al-Awza'i, who said: "Abu Hanifa was made to repent from kufr twice."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 209]
٣٢٦ - حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ، ثنا أَبُو تَوْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ الْفَزَارِيِّ، قَالَ: قَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ: «إِنَّا لَا نَنْقِمُ عَلَى أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ الرَّأْيَ كُلُّنَا نَرَى، إِنَّمَا نَنْقِمُ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ يُذْكَرُ لَهُ الْحَدِيثُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَيُفْتِي بِخِلَافِهِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٠٧]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ibrahim said: Abu Tawbah narrated to us from Abu Ishaq al-Fazari, who said: Al-Awza'i said: "We do not criticize Abu Hanifa for his opinions, for we all have opinions. What we criticize him for is that when a hadith from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) is mentioned to him, he gives a ruling contrary to it."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 207]
٣٢٤ - حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، ثنا أَبُو تَوْبَةَ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُلْثُومٍ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، أَنَّهُ لَمَّا مَاتَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ، قَالَ: «الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي أَمَاتَهُ فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ يَنْقُضُ عُرَى الْإِسْلَامِ عُرْوَةً عُرْوَةً»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٠٧]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ibrahim ibn Said said: Abu Tawbah narrated to us from Salamah ibn Kulthum, from al-Awza'i, who said: "When Abu Hanifa passed away, he said: 'Praise be to Allah who has taken his life, for he used to undo the bonds of Islam, one bond at a time.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 207]
٣١٢ - حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُصْعَبٍ، سَمِعْتُ الْأَوْزَاعِيَّ، يَقُولُ: «مَا وُلِدَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ مَوْلُودٌ أَشْأَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٠٤]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ibrahim ibn Said said: Muhammad ibn Mus'ab narrated to us, who said: I heard al-Awza'i say: "No one has been born in Islam who is more harmful for them than Abu Hanifa."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 204]
٣١٣ - حَدَّثَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، ثنا أَبُو تَوْبَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، وَالْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، مِثْلَ قَوْلِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُصْعَبٍ
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٠٤]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ibrahim ibn Said said: Abu Tawbah narrated to us from Abu Ishaq, from Sufyan al-Thawri and al-Awza'i, who both said the same as Muhammad ibn Mus'ab's narration (Awza'ee said: No one has been born in Islam who is more harmful for them than Abu Hanifa.).
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 204]
٢٤٥ - حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الدَّوْرَقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ الصَّنْعَانِيُّ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ فَقَالَ لَا أَعْلَمُهُ إِلَّا قَالَ يَنْقُضُ عُرَى الْإِسْلَامِ
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٨٦]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ahmad bin Ibrahim al-Dawraqi narrated to me, Muhammad bin Kathir al-San'ani narrated to me from al-Awza'i, that he mentioned Abu Hanifa and said: 'I do not know of him except that he said he breaks the ties of Islam.'
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 186]
٢٤٦ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُنَيْدُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَثِيرِ الْمِصِّيصِيُّ، قَالَ ذَكَرَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ فَقَالَ: " هُوَ يَنْقُضُ عُرَى الْإِسْلَامِ عُرْوَةً عُرْوَةً
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٨٦]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu al-Fadl al-Khurasani narrated to me, Sunayd bin Dawood narrated to us from Muhammad bin Kathir al-Mis'isi, who said: al-Awza'i mentioned Abu Hanifa and said: 'He breaks the ties of Islam, one tie after another.'
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 186]
٢٤٧ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ، ثنا سُرَيْجُ بْنُ النُّعْمَانِ، عَنْ حَجَّاجِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، قَالَ بَلَغَنِي عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ «أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ ضَيَّعَ الْأُصُولَ وَأَقْبَلَ عَلَى الْقِيَاسِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٨٦]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu al-Fadl al-Khurasani narrated to me, Suraij bin Nu'man narrated to us from Hajjaj bin Muhammad, who said: 'It was conveyed to me from al-Awza'i, that he said: "Abu Hanifa neglected the foundations and focused on Qiyas."'
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 186]
٢٤٨ - حَدَّثَنِي الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الْجَرَوِيُّ، ثنا أَبُو حَفْصٍ التِّنِّيسِيُّ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، قَالَ: «مَا وُلِدَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ مَوْلِدٌ أَشَرُّ مِنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَأَبِي مُسْلِمٍ وَمَا أُحِبُّ أَنَّهُ وَقَعَ فِي نَفْسِي أَنِّي خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمَا وَأَنَّ لِيَ الدُّنْيَا وَمَا فِيهَا»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٨٧]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Al-Hasan bin Abdul Aziz al-Jarawi narrated to me, Abu Hafs al-Tinnisi narrated to us from al-Awza'i, who said: "No one in Islam was born worse than Abu Hanifa and Abu Muslim, yet, I do not wish that the thought ever crossed my mind that I am better than either of them, even if I were to be given the entire world and all that is in it."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 187]
٢٤٩ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ زَنْجُوَيْهِ، ثنا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الْحَرَّانِيُّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عِيسَىَ بْنَ يُونُسَ، يَقُولُ: خَرَجَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ عَلَيَّ وَعَلَى الْمُعَافَى بْنِ عِمْرَانَ وَمُوسَى بْنِ أَعْيَنَ وَنَحْنُ عِنْدَهُ بِبَيْرُوهَ بِكِتَابِ السِّيَرِ وَمَا رُدَّ عَلَى أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ فَقَالَ: " لَوْ كَانَ هَذَا الْخَطَأُ فِي أُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَأَوْسَعَهُمْ خَطَأً، ثُمَّ قَالَ: مَا وُلِدَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ مَوْلِدٌ أَشْأَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ "
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٨٧]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu Bakr bin Zanjawayh narrated to me, Abu Ja'far al-Harani narrated to us, who said: I heard Isa bin Yunus say: 'Al-Awza'i came out to me and to al-Mu'afa bin Imran and Musa bin Ayan, and we were with him in Bayruha with the Book of Sirah, and what was said against Abu Hanifa. He said: "If this mistake had been in the Ummah of Muhammad (ﷺ), it would have been the greatest mistake among them." Then he said: "No one in Islam was born more harmful for them than Abu Hanifa."'
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 187]
٢٥١ - حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ أَبُو نَشِيطٍ، ثنا أَبُو صَالِحٍ الْفَرَّاءُ، سَمِعْتُ الْفَزَارِيَّ ⦗١٨٨⦘ يَعْنِي أَبَا إِسْحَاقَ، قَالَ: قَالَ لِي الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ «إِنَّا لَنَنْقِمُ عَلَى أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَجِيءُ الْحَدِيثُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَيُخَالِفُهُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٨٧]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Muhammad bin Harun Abu Nasheet narrated to me, Abu Saleh al-Farra' narrated to us, I heard al-Fazari (meaning Abu Ishaq) say: al-Awza'i said to me: 'We criticize Abu Hanifa because when a hadith came from the Prophet (ﷺ), he would oppose it with something else.'
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 187]
٢٥٢ - حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، ثنا أَبُو صَالِحٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْفَزَارِيَّ، يَقُولُ: كَانَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ وَسُفْيَانُ يَقُولَانِ «مَا وُلِدَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ عَلَى هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ أَشْأَمَ مِنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٨٨]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Muhammad bin Harun narrated to me, Abu Saleh narrated to us, who said: I heard al-Fazari say: al-Awza'i and Sufyan used to say: 'No one was born into this Ummah more harmful than Abu Hanifa.'
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 187]
٢٤٣ - حَدَّثَنِي مَنْصُورُ بْنُ أَبِي مُزَاحِمٍ، سَمِعْتُ يَزِيدَ بْنِ يُوسُفَ الْحِمْيَرِيَّ، عَنِ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَعِيبُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ أَشَدَّ الْعَيْبِ
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٨٥]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Mansur bin Abi Muzahim narrated to me, I heard Yazid bin Yusuf al-Himyari from al-Awza'i, that he used to criticize Abu Hanifa severely.
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 185]
وأخبرنا ابن رزق، أخبرنا ابن سلم، حدثنا الأبار، حدثنا الحسن بن علي، حدثنا أبو توبة، حدثنا سلمة بن كلثوم - وكان من العابدين ولم يكن في أصحاب الأوزاعي أحيى منه - قال: قال الأوزاعي، لما مات أبو حنيفة: الحمد لله، إن كان لينقض الإسلام عروة عروة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٨]
Ibn Rizq informed us, Ibn Sallam informed us, al-Abbar narrated to us, al-Hasan ibn ‘Ali narrated to us, Abu Tawbah narrated to us, Salamah ibn Kulthum—who was among the devout worshippers and the most spiritually alive among al-Awza‘i’s companions—narrated to us, saying:
Al-Awza‘ee said when Abu Hanifa passed away: "All praise is due to Allah. He used to dismantle Islam, knot by knot."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 398]
أخبرنا أبو نصر أحمد بن إبراهيم المقدسي - بساوة - حدثنا عبد الله محمد بن جعفر - المعروف بصاحب الخان، بأرمية - قال: حدثنا محمد بن إبراهيم الديبلي، حدثنا علي ابن زيد، حدثنا علي بن صدقة قال: سمعت محمد بن كثير قال:
سمعت الأوزاعي يقول: ما ولد مولود في الإسلام أضر على الإسلام من أبي حنيفة.
[تاريخ بغداد - المجلد ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٨-٣٩٩]
Abu Nasr Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Maqdisi informed us - in Sawah - Abdullah Muhammad ibn Ja'far, known as the one from the Khan in Armiyya, informed us, who said: Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Diblawi narrated to us, 'Ali ibn Zayd narrated to us, Ali ibn Sadqa narrated to us, who said: I heard Muhammad ibn Kathir say:
"I heard al-Awza'ee say: No one has been born in Islam more harmful to Islam than Abu Hanifa."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 398-399]
أخبرنا أبو العلاء محمد بن الحسن الوراق، أخبرنا أحمد بن كامل القاضي. وأخبرنا محمد بن عمر النرسي، أخبرنا محمد بن عبد الله الشافعي، أخبرنا عبد الملك ابن محمد بن عبد الله الواعظ، أخبرنا أحمد بن الفضل بن خزيمة قالوا: حدثنا أبو إسماعيل الترمذي، حدثنا أبو توبة، حدثنا الفزاري قال:
سمعت الأوزاعي وسفيان يقولان: ما ولد في الإسلام مولود أشام عليهم - وقال الشافعي: شر عليهم - من أبي حنيفة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٩]
We were informed by Abu al-‘Ala Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Warraq, and Ahmad ibn Kamil al-Qadi.
And we were informed by Muhammad ibn ‘Umar al-Narasi, who informed us from Muhammad ibn Abdullah al-Shafi‘i, who informed us from Abdul Malik ibn Muhammad ibn Abdullah al-Wa‘idh, who informed us from Ahmad ibn al-Fadl ibn Khuzaymah, and they all said: We were informed by Abu Isma‘il al-Tirmidhi, who informed us from Abu Tawbah, who informed us from al-Fazari, who said:
I heard al-Awza‘i and Sufyan both say: No one has been born in Islam who is more harmful to them - and al-Shafi‘i (Muhammad ibn Abdullah) said: more evil to them - than Abu Hanifa.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 399]
Sufyan al-Thawri is known to be one of the biggest figures in Kufah, as he was also a Faqih, though not as big as Abu Hanifa was.
Sufyan was one who relied on authentic traditions, and he would avoid difficult questions, as that would make him rely more on Raiyy.
Abu Hanifa answered the difficult questions, so he would rely on his Raiyy, as there were no authentic reports on those questions.
However, the Salaf Saliheen warned against this approach, as they knew that focussing on difficult questions would make one rely on Raiyy more.
Sufyan and others were very protective over their religion, so they would avoid such scenarios. Abu Hanifa was heavily criticized by Sufyan for delving himself in such questions.
Sufyan al-Thawri is known for his critique on Abu Hanifa, for being one of the first who called towards boycotting Ahl al-Raiyy, and for him calling Abu Hanifa a "Nabati" (someone of non-Arabic origin), as Abu Hanifa was originally Persian.
حَدَّثَنِي عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ: ذَكَرَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ وَأَبُو حَنِيفَةَ عِنْدَ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ فَقَالَ: وَمَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ ثُمَّ وَمَا هَؤُلَاءِ. قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: مَا كُنَّا نَأْتِي حَمَّادًا إِلَّا سِرًّا مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا كَانُوا يَقُولُونَ لَهُ أَتَأْتِيهِ! أتجالسه! فما كُنَّا نَأْتِيهِ إِلَّا سِرًّا.
[المعرفة والتاريخ - الفسوي - المجلد ٢ - الصفحة ٧٩١]
Al-Fassawi mentioned:
'Ubaydullah bin Musa narrated to us, he said:
Abu Yusuf and Abu Hanifa were mentioned in front of Sufyan al-Thawri, and he said: 'Who are these, and what are these?'
Sufyan said: 'We never used to go to Hammad (ibn Abi Sulaymaan) except secretly.'
From our companions, they would say to him: 'Are you going to him?! Are you sitting with him?!' So we would (also) never go to him except secretly.'"
[Al-Ma'rifah wal-Tarikh - Al-Fassawi - Volume 2 - Page 791]
This was because Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman was a leading figure among the Murjiah, so Sufyan al-Thawri did not want to be seen being in his presence. He just went there for Fiqh and narrations.
حدثنا أحمد بن محمود الهروي قال حدثنا سلمة بن شبيب قال حدثنا الفريابي قال سمعت سفيان الثوري كنا نأتي حماد خفية من أصحابنا
[ضعفاء العقيلي - العقيلي - ج ١ - الصفحة ٣٠٣]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
Ahmad ibn Mahmoud al-Harawi narrated to us, Salimah ibn Shabib narrated to us, al-Firyabi narrated to us, and I heard Sufyan al-Thawri say: "We used to visit Hammad (ibn Abi Sulayman) secretly, away from our companions."
[Al-Du'afaa - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 1 - Page 303]
حدثنا أحمد بن علي الابار قال حدثنا محمد بن حميد قال حدثنا جرير قال كان حماد بن أبي سليمان رأسا في المرجئة
[ضعفاء العقيلي - العقيلي - ج ١ - الصفحة ٣٠٣]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
Ahmad ibn Ali al-Abar narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Hamid narrated to us, Jareer narrated to us, saying: "Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman was a leading figure among the Murji'ah."
[Al-Du'afaa - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 1 - Page 303]
أخبرنا ابن رزق، أخبرنا جعفر بن محمد بن نصير الخلدي، حدثنا محمد ابن عبد الله بن سليمان الحضرمي، حدثنا أحمد بن الحسن الترمذي قال: سمعت الفريابي يقول: سمعت الثوري ينهى عن مجالسة أبي حنيفة وأصحاب الرأي.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٥]
Ibn Rizq told us, Ja'far bin Muhammad bin Nasser al-Khalidi narrated to us, Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Suleiman al-Hadrami told us, Ahmad bin al-Hasan al-Tirmidhi said: I heard al-Firyabi say: I heard al-Thawri forbidding sitting with Abu Hanifa and the people of Raiyy.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 405]
Meaning, do not make it a habit, and do not be pleased with it whenever you do so. Sufyan al-Thawri used to sit with Abu Hanifa in secret, while covering himself.
أخبرنا أبو بكر محمد بن عبد الله بن أبان التغلبي الهيتي، حدثنا أحمد بن سلمان النجاد، حدثنا أحمد بن محمد بن شاهين، حدثنا محمد بن سهل قال: سمعت محمد بن يوسف الفريابي يقول: كان سفيان ينهى عن النظر في رأي أبي حنيفة. قال: وسمعت محمد بن يوسف - وسئل هل روى سفيان الثوري عن أبي حنيفة شيئا؟ - قال: معاذ الله، سمعت سفيان الثوري يقول: ربما استقبلني أبو حنيفة يسألني عن مسألة، فأجيبه وأنا كاره، وما سألته عن شئ قط.
[تاريخ بغداد - الجزء ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٥-٤٠٦]
Abu Bakr Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Aban al-Taghlibi al-Heiti told us, Ahmad bin Salman al-Najad narrated to us, Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Shahin narrated to us, Muhammad bin Sahl said: I heard Muhammad bin Yusuf al-Firyabi say:
Sufyan used to forbid looking into the opinion of Abu Hanifa. And I heard Muhammad bin Yusuf—when asked whether Sufyan al-Thawri narrated anything from Abu Hanifa—say: "God forbid. I heard Sufyan al-Thawri say: 'Sometimes Abu Hanifa would approach me asking about an issue, and I would respond reluctantly, but I never asked him anything.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 405-406]
It is true that Sufyan al-Thawri did not ask Abu Hanifa anything directly. However, he used to learn his fatwas through others and sometimes ask others to inform him about Abu Hanifa's fatwas.
أخبرنا القاضي أبو بكر محمد بن عمر الداودي، أخبرنا عبيد الله بن أحمد ابن يعقوب المقرئ، حدثنا محمد بن الحسين بن حميد بن الربيع، حدثنا محمد ابن عمر بن دليل قال: سمعت محمد بن عبيد الطنافسي يقول: سمعت سفيان - وذكر عنده أبو حنيفة - فقال: يتعسف الأمور بغير علم ولا سنة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٦]
We were informed by Judge Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Umar al-Dawudi, who was informed by Ubayd Allah ibn Ahmad ibn Ya'qub al-Muqri, who narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Husayn ibn Hamid ibn al-Rabi', who narrated from Muhammad ibn Umar ibn Dalil, who said:
I heard Muhammad ibn 'Ubayd al-Tanafsi say: "I heard Sufyan—when Abu Hanifa was mentioned in his presence—say: He handles matters with no knowledge or Sunnah."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 406]
Sufyan al-Thawri was against Abu Hanifa's approach in excessive use of Qiyas and Raiyy. Abu Hanifa did so when he did not find an authentic narration.
أخبرنا ابن رزق، أخبرنا ابن سلم، حدثنا الأبار، حدثنا سفيان بن وكيع بن الجراح قال: سمعت أبي يقول: ذكروا أبا حنيفة في مجلس سفيان فقال: كان يقال عوذوا بالله من شر النبطي إذا استعرب.
وقال: حدثنا الأبار، حدثنا إبراهيم بن سعيد، حدثنا عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن قال: سئل قيس بن الربيع عن أبي حنيفة فقال: من أجهل الناس بما كان وأعلمه بما لم يكن.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٦]
We were informed by Ibn Rizq, who was informed by Ibn Salam, who narrated from Al-Abar, who narrated from Sufyan ibn Waki' ibn al-Jarrah, who said: I heard my father say: When Abu Hanifa was mentioned in Sufyan's gathering, he said: "It was said, 'Seek refuge in Allah from the evil of the Nabataean when he becomes Arabized.'"
He (Ibn Salam) said: We were informed by Al-Abar, who narrated from Ibrahim ibn Said, who narrated from Abdullah ibn Abdul-Rahman, who said: Qays ibn al-Rabi' was asked about Abu Hanifa, and he said: "He is the most ignorant of people about what has happened and the most knowledgeable about what has not happened."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 406]
Meaning, he would create instances that have not yet happened and prepared himself for them by giving its Fiqh ruling. But when it came to things that have happened, he would not have the same level in that.
This is the opinion of Qays ibn al-Rabi'. Abu Hanifa was correct in many things that have already occurred.
أخبرنا البرقاني، أخبرنا محمد بن الحسن السراجي، أخبرنا عبد الله بن أبي حاتم الرازي، حدثني أبي قال: سمعت محمد بن كثير العبدي يقول: كنت عند سفيان الثوري فذكر حديثا. فقال رجل: حدثني فلان بغير هذا، فقال: من هو؟
فقال: أبو حنيفة. قال: أحلتني على غير ملىء.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٢٠]
We were informed by Al-Barqani, from Muhammad bin Al-Hasan Al-Saraji, who informed us by Abdullah bin Abi Hatim Al-Razi, who said: My father told me, I heard Muhammad bin Kathir Al-Abdi say: I was with Sufyan Al-Thawri when a hadith was mentioned. A man said: So-and-so narrated it differently. He asked: Who is it? He said: Abu Hanifa. He said: You have referred me to someone unreliable.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 420]
أخبرنا محمد بن الحسين بن محمد المتوثي، أخبرنا إسماعيل بن محمد الصفار، حدثنا الحسن بن الفضل البوصرائي قال: حدثنا محمد بن كثير العبدي، حدثنا سفيان الثوري قال: رأيته وسأله رجل عن مسألة فأفتاه فيها، فقال له الرجل: أن فيها أثرا. قال له: عمن؟ قال: عن أبي حنيفة. قال: أحلتني على غير ملىء.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٢٠]
We were informed by Muhammad bin Al-Hussein bin Muhammad Al-Mutawthi, who informed us by Ismail bin Muhammad Al-Saffar, who said: Al-Hasan bin Al-Fadl Al-Busraai told us, who said: Muhammad bin Kathir Al-Abdi told us, who said: Sufyan Al-Thawri said: I saw him when a man asked him about an issue and he gave him a fatwa. The man then said: There is a narration about this. He asked: From whom? He said: From Abu Hanifa. He said: You have referred me to someone unreliable.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 420]
«حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ سُفْيَانُ [٥] : مَا وُلِدَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ مَوْلُودٌ أَضَرَّ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ مِنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ».
[المعرفة والتاريخ - الفسوي - الجزء ٢ - الصفحة ٧٨٣]
Al-Fassawi mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Abi 'Umar narrated to me, Sufyan said: "No one has been born in Islam who has caused more harm to the people of Islam than Abu Hanifa."
[Al-Ma'rifah wal-Tarikh - Al-Fassawi - Volume 2 - Page 783]
«حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ نُعَيْمًا [٧] يَقُولُ: قَالَ سفيان: مَا وُضِعَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ مِنَ الشَّرِّ مَا وَضَعَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ إِلَّا فُلَانٌ- قَالَ: لَرَجُلٌ صُلْبٌ-».
[المعرفة والتاريخ - الفسوي - الجزء ٢ - الصفحة ٧٨٣-٧٨٤]
Al-Fassawi mentioned:
Ahmad ibn Yunus narrated to us, saying: I heard Nu'aym say: Sufyan said: 'Nothing harmful has been introduced into Islam like what Abu Hanifa introduced, except for so-and-so,' he said: 'A very stubborn man.'
[Al-Ma'rifah wal-Tarikh - Al-Fassawi - Volume 2 - Page 783-784]
أخبرنا القاضي أبو بكر أحمد بن الحسن الخرشي، حدثنا أبو العباس محمد بن يعقوب الأصم، حدثنا أبو قلابة الرقاشي، حدثنا أبو عاصم قال: سمعت سفيان الثوري - بمكة - وقيل له: مات أبو حنيفة فقال: الحمد لله الذي عافانا مما ابتلى به كثيرا من الناس.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٢٥]
Al-Qadi Abu Bakr Ahmad bin Al-Hasan Al-Khurashi told us, Abu Al-Abbas Muhammad bin Ya'qub Al-Asamm told us, Abu Qilabah Al-Raqashi told us, Abu Asim said: I heard Sufyan Al-Thawri – in Mecca – and it was said to him: "Abu Hanifa has died." He said: "Praise be to Allah, who has saved us from what He has afflicted many people with."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 425]
أخبرنا أبو سعيد محمد بن موسى الصيرفي، حدثنا أبو العباس محمد بن يعقوب الأصم، حدثنا محمد بن علي الوراق، حدثنا مسدد قال: سمعت أبا عاصم يقول:
ذكر عند سفيان موت أبي حنيفة فما سمعته يقول رحمه الله ولا شيئا. قال: الحمد لله الذي عافانا مما ابتلاه به.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٢٥]
Abu Sa'id Muhammad bin Musa Al-Sayrafi told us, Abu Al-Abbas Muhammad bin Ya'qub Al-Asamm told us, Muhammad bin Ali Al-Warraq told us, Musaddad said: I heard Abu Asim say: "The death of Abu Hanifa was mentioned in front of Sufyan, and I did not hear him say 'May Allah have mercy on him' or anything else. He said: 'Praise be to Allah, who has saved us from what He has afflicted him with.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 425]
أخبرنا محمد بن عمر بن بكير المقرئ، أخبرنا الحسين بن أحمد الهروي الصفار، حدثنا أحمد بن محمد بن ياسر، حدثنا محمد بن عبد الوهاب بن يعلى الهروي، حدثنا عبد الله بن مسمع الهروي قال: سمعت عبد الصمد بن حسان يقول: لما مات أبو حنيفة قال لي سفيان الثوري: اذهب إلى إبراهيم بن طهمان فبشره أن فتان هذه الأمة قد مات، فذهبت إليه فوجدته قائلا، فرجعت إلى سفيان فقلت: إنه قائل، قال:
اذهب فصح به! أن فتان هذه الأمة قد مات.
قلت: أراد الثوري أن يغم إبراهيم بوفاة أبي حنيفة، لأنه على مذهبه في الإرجاء.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٢٥]
Muhammad bin Umar bin Bakir Al-Muqri told us, Al-Husayn bin Ahmad Al-Harawi Al-Saffar told us, Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Yasser told us, Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab bin Ya'la Al-Harawi told us, Abdullah bin Masma' Al-Harawi said:
I heard Abdul Samad bin Hassan say: "When Abu Hanifa died, Sufyan Al-Thawri said to me: 'Go to Ibrahim bin Tuhman and give him the good news that the misleader of this Ummah has died.' So I went to him and found him asleep. I returned to Sufyan and said: 'He is asleep.' He said: 'Go and declare it clearly! That the misleader of this Ummah has died.'"
I (Abdul Samad bin Hassan) said: "Sufyan Al-Thawri wanted to disturb Ibrahim by informing him of Abu Hanifa’s death, because Ibrahim followed his opinion in Irja."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 425]
«حَدَّثَنَا نُعَيْمُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ ثنا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَزَارِيُّ قَالَ: كُنَّا عِنْدَ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ إِذْ جَاءَهُ نَعْيُ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ فَقَالَ: الْحَمْدُ للَّه الَّذِي أَرَاحَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنْهُ، لَقَدْ كَانَ يَنْقُضُ عُرَى الْإِسْلَامِ عُرْوَةً عروة، ما ولد في الإسلام مولود أَشْأَمَ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ مِنْهُ».
[المعرفة والتاريخ - الفسوي - الجزء ٢ - الصفحة ٧٨٥-٧٨٦]
Al-Fassawi mentioned:
Nu'aym ibn Hammad ⓘ narrated to us, he said: Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Fazari said: We were with Sufyan al-Thawri when the news of Abu Hanifa's death reached him. He said: 'Praise be to Allah, who has relieved the Muslims from him. He used to unravel the bonds of Islam, one by one. No one born in Islam has been more harmful to Islam than him.'"
[Al-Ma'rifah wal-Tarikh - Al-Fassawi - Volume 2 - Page 785-786]
٢٨٧ - حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ خَلَفٍ الْكَرْخِيُّ، ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ جَرِيرٍ، عَنْ ثَعْلَبَةَ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ: «مَا وُلِدَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَلَدٌ أَشْأَمَ مِنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩٧]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Khalaf al-Karkhi narrated to us, and he said: "Muhammad ibn Humayd narrated from Jarir, from Tha'labah, from Sufyan, who said: 'No child was born in Islam more harmful than Abu Hanifa.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 197]
٢٨٨ - حَدَّثَنِي سُفْيَانُ بْنُ وَكِيعٍ، سَمِعْتُ أَبِيَ يَقُولُ: إِذَا ذُكِرَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ فِي مَجْلِسِ سُفْيَانَ كَانَ يَقُولُ: «نَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ شَرِّ النَّبَطِيِّ إِذَا اسْتَعْرَبَ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩٧]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Sufyan ibn Waki' narrated to us, and he said: "I heard my father say: When Abu Hanifa was mentioned in Sufyan's gathering, he would say: 'We seek refuge in Allah from the evil of the Nabati when he becomes Arabized.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 197]
٢٨٩ - حَدَّثَنِي هَارُونُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَاصِمٍ، قَالَ: " نَعَيْتُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ إِلَى سُفْيَانَ فَمَا زَادَنِي عَلَى أَنْ قَالَ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي عَافَانِي مِنْ كَثِيرٍ مِمَّا ابْتَلَى بِهِ كَثِيرًا مِنَ النَّاسِ، قَالَ: فَعَجِبْتُ مِنْهُ "
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩٨]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Harun ibn Sufyan narrated to us, and he said: "I mentioned the death of Abu Hanifa to Sufyan, and he did not say anything except: 'Praise be to Allah, who has granted me safety from many of the trials that He has tested many people with.' He said: 'I was amazed by his response.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 198]
٢٩٠ - حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْمُخَرِّمِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي نُصَيْرٌ أَبُو هَاشِمٍ، أَخُو مَازَنْدَرَ سَمِعْتُ: الْمُبَارَكَ بْنَ سَعِيدٍ، سَمِعْتُ أَخِيَ، سُفْيَانَ بْنَ سَعِيدٍ يَقُولُ: «مَا ابْنُ يَحْطِبُ ⦗١٩٩⦘ بِسَيْفِهِ أَقْطَعُ لِعُرَى الْإِسْلَامِ مِنْ هَذَا بِرَأْيهِ يَعْنِي أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩٨]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Abdullah al-Mukarrami narrated to me, saying: Nusair Abu Hashim, the brother of Mazandar, narrated to me, saying: Al-Mubarak ibn Sa'id narrated to me, saying: I heard my brother, Sufyan ibn Sa'id, say: "No one has cut the ties of Islam with his sword more than this person with his opinion, meaning Abu Hanifa."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 198]
٢٦٤ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، ثنا شُعَيْبُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيَّ، يَقُولُ: «مَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ أُوَافِقَهُمْ عَلَى الْحَقِّ» قُلْتُ لِأَبِي رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ يَعْنِي أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ، رَجُلٌ اسْتُتِيبَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ مَرَّتَيْنِ» يَعْنِي أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ، قُلْتُ لِأَبِي رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ: كَأَنَّ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ الْمُسْتَتِيبُ؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩٢]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
My father narrated to me, Shu'ayb ibn Harb said: I heard Sufyan al-Thawri say: 'I would not like to agree with them on the truth.' I said to my father, may Allah have mercy on him, 'Does he mean Abu Hanifa?' He replied: 'Yes, a man who was repented in Islam twice,' meaning Abu Hanifa. I said to my father, may Allah have mercy on him, 'Was Abu Hanifa the one who was repented?' He replied: 'Yes.'
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 192]
٢٧٣ - حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الدَّوْرَقِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُوسَى النَّسَائِيُّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَةَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ لِي سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ: " اذْهَبْ إِلَى ذَلِكَ يَعْنِي أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ فَاسْأَلْهُ عَنْ عِدَّةِ أُمِّ الْوَلَدِ إِذَا مَاتَ عَنْهَا سَيِّدُهَا، فَأَتَيْتُهُ فَسَأَلْتُهُ فَقَالَ: لَيْسَ عَلَيْهَا عِدَّةٌ، قَالَ: فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى سُفْيَانَ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ فَقَالَ هَذِهِ فُتْيَا يَهُودِيٍّ "
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩٤]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Dawraqi narrated to us, from al-Hasan ibn Musa al-Nasa’i, who said: I heard Abda ibn Abdullah narrating from Shuayb ibn Harb, who said: Sufyan al-Thawri said to me: "Go to him, meaning Abu Hanifa, and ask him about the waiting period (idda) of the female slave when her master dies." So I went to him and asked him, and he said: "She has no waiting period." I then returned to Sufyan and informed him, and he said: "This is a fatwa (opinion) of a Jew."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 194]
٢٨٢ - حَدَّثَنِي هَارُونُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنِي عَرَزَةُ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ ⦗١٩٧⦘ مُوسَى السِّينَانِيُّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيَّ، يَقُولُ: «ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَلَى قَبْرِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ طَاقًا مِنَ النَّارِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩٦]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Harun ibn Sufyan narrated to me, from Arza al-Khurasani, from Al-Fadl ibn Musa al-Sinani, who said: I heard Sufyan al-Thawri say: 'Allah, the Almighty, has placed a layer of fire over the grave of Abu Hanifa.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 196]
٢٨٣ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ زَنْجُوَيْهِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الْحَرَّانِيُّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عِيسَىَ بْنَ يُونُسَ، يَقُولُ: " رُبَّمَا أَخَذَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ بِيَدِي وَنَحْنُ فِي مَسْجِدِ الْكُوفَةِ فَيَبَرُّ وَيُلَطِّفُ فأقْعُدُ فَرُبَّمَا حَصَبَ مَجْلِسُهُ فَتَغَافَلَ فَرُبَّمَا دَخَلَ سُفْيَانُ فَيَقُولُ: يَا أَبَا عَمْرٍو، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو ذَاكَ الصَّبِيِّ فَقَالَ: فَنَفْتَرِقُ فَيَلْقَانِي سُفْيَانُ فَيَقُولُ: تَجْلِسُ إِلَيْهِ فَأَقُولُ لَهُ يَأْخُذُ بِيَدِي فَيُجْلِسُنِي فَيَبَرُّنِي فَمَا أَصْنَعُ بِهِ قَالَ: فَيَسْكُتُ "
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩٧]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
I heard from Abu Bakr ibn Zanjawayh, who said: "Abu Ja'far al-Harrani narrated to us, who said: 'I heard Isa ibn Yunus say:
"Sometimes, Abū Ḥanīfah would take me by the hand while we were in the mosque of Kūfa, showing kindness and gentleness, and he would have me sit down. At times, his gathering would be pelted with stones (due to hostility), yet he would ignore it. Sometimes, Sufyān would enter and say, ‘O Abū ‘Amr, that boy narrated to us,’ and so we would disperse.
Then Sufyān would meet me and say, ‘Do you sit with him?’
I would reply, ‘He takes me by the hand, sits me down, and treats me kindly—what am I to do with him?’
At that, Sufyān would remain silent."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 197]
٢٨٤ - حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَتَّابٍ الْأَعْيَنُ، ثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الطَّنَافِسِيُّ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، قَالَ: «كَانَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ نَبَطِيًّا اسْتَنْبَطَ الْأُمُورَ بِرَأْيهِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩٧]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Abi Attab al-A'yan reported, Muhammad ibn Ubayd al-Tanafisi narrated to us from Sufyan al-Thawri, who said: "Abu Hanifa was a Nabati (a person of non-Arab origin) who derived rulings based on his own opinion."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 197]
٢٨٥ - حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَتَّابٍ الْأَعْيُنُ، حَدَّثَنِي الْفِرْيَابِيُّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ يَقُولُ «مَا سَأَلْتُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ عَنْ شَيْءٍ، قَطُّ، وَلَقَدْ سَأَلَنِي وَمَا سَأَلْتُهُ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩٧]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Abi Attab al-A'yan reported, al-Firyabi narrated to us, saying: "I heard Sufyan say: 'I never asked Abu Hanifa about anything, but he asked me, and I never asked him.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 197]
٢٩١ - حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدِ الْقَطَّانُ، ثنا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ سُفْيَانَ جُلُوسًا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ فَأَقْبَلَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ يُرِيدُهُ فَلَمَّا رَآهُ سُفْيَانُ قَالَ: «قُومُوا بِنَا لَا يُعْدِنَا هَذَا بِجَرَبِهِ»، فَقُمْنَا وَقَامَ سُفْيَانُ، وَكُنَّا مَرَّةً أُخْرَى جُلُوسًا مَعَ سُفْيَانَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ فَجَاءَهُ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ فَجَلَسَ فَلَمْ نَشْعُرُ بِهِ فَلَمَّا رَآهُ سُفْيَانُ اسْتَدَارَ فَجَعَلَ ظَهْرَهُ إِلَيْهِ
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩٩]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Yahya ibn Sa'id al-Qattan narrated to me, saying: Abu Nuaym narrated to us, saying: We were sitting with Sufyan in the Haram Mosque when Abu Hanifa came toward him. When Sufyan saw him, he said, "Let us rise, lest this man bring us his scabies." So we stood up, and Sufyan stood up as well.
Then, on another occasion, we were sitting with Sufyan in the Haram Mosque when Abu Hanifa came and sat down. We didn’t notice him at first. When Sufyan saw him, he turned around and positioned his back toward him.
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 199]
٢٧٧ - حَدَّثَنِي مَحْمُودُ بْنُ غَيْلَانَ، ثنا مُؤَمَّلُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ، أَنَّهُ ذُكِرَ عِنْدَهُ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ وَهُوَ فِي الْحِجْرِ فَقَالَ: «غَيْرُ ثِقَةٍ وَلَا مَأْمُونٌ حَتَّى جَاوَزَ الطَّوَافَ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩٥]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
I heard Mahmoud bin Ghailan, who said: I heard Muammal bin Ismail, from Al-Thawri, that when Abu Hanifa was mentioned in the Hijr (a part of the Ka'bah), he said: He is untrustworthy and not reliable until he completed the Tawaf.
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 195]
٢٧٨ - حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ الْبَاهِلِيُّ، ثَنَا الْأَصْمَعِيُّ، قَالَ: قَالَ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ «مَا وُلِدَ مَوْلُودُ بِالْكُوفَةِ أَوْ فِي هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ أَضَرُّ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ» قَالَ: وَزَعَمَ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ أَنَّ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ اسْتُتِيبَ مَرَّتَيْنِ
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩٥]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
I heard Muhammad bin Amr bin Abbas Al-Bahili, who said: I heard Al-Asma'i, who said: Sufyan Al-Thawri said: "No child has been born in Kufa or in this Ummah more harmful to them than Abu Hanifa." Sufyan Al-Thawri also claimed that Abu Hanifa was repented for twice.
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 195]
٢٧٩ - حَدَّثَنِي سَلَمَةُ بْنُ شَبِيبٍ، ثنا سَلَمَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ الْحِمَّانِيُّ، قَالَ: رُبَّمَا رَأَيْتُ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيَّ مُغَطَّى الرَّأْسِ يَأْتِي مَجْلِسَ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ فَيَجْلِسُ فِيهِ قَالَ سَلَمَةُ: فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِلْفِرْيَابِيِّ فَقَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ يَقُولُ: «مَا سَأَلْتُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ قَطُّ عَنْ شَيْءٍ وَلَقَدْ كَانَ يَلْقَانِي فَيَسْأَلُنِي» قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ: عَبْدُ الْحَمِيدِ الْحِمَّانِيُّ أَبُو يَحْيَى مُرْجِئٌ شَدِيدُ الْإِرْجَاءِ دَاعٍ، وَكَانَ الشَّيْخُ يَذُمُّهُ
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩٦]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
I heard Salama bin Shabeeb, who said: I heard Salama bin Abdul-Hamid Al-Hammani say: "I sometimes saw Sufyan Al-Thawri covering his head as he would come to the gathering of Abu Hanifa and sit there."
Salama said: "I mentioned this to Al-Firyabi, and he said: I heard Sufyan say: 'I never asked Abu Hanifa about anything, although he would meet me and ask me questions.'"
Abu Abdul-Rahman said: "Abdul Hamid Al-Hammani Abu Yahya was a severe proponent of the Murjiah, and a caller towards it. and his Sheikh used to criticize him."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 196]
Although Salama bin Abdul-Hamid Al-Hammani, also known as Abu Yahya Abdul Hamid Al-Hammani, was a staunch proponent of Irja, he was regarded as thiqah by Yahya ibn Ma'een and others, while some scholars weakened him. His hadiths are considered.
Sufyan likely attended Abu Hanifa's gatherings on occasion, but he opposed Abu Hanifa's approach to Hadith, believing that he prioritized his own opinion over narrations. And Sufyan did not directly ask Abu Hanifa questions about Fiqh.
٢٨٠ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَسْوَدُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيَّ، يَقُولُ: وَذُكِرَ لَهُ حَدِيثٌ عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، فَقَالَ سُفْيَانُ: «غَيْرُ ثِقَةٍ وَلَا مَأْمُونٌ اسْتُتِيبَ مَرَّتَيْنِ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩٦]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
I heard from Abu al-Fadl al-Khurasani, who said: "Aswad ibn Salim narrated to me from a man, that he heard Sufyan al-Thawri say: 'A narration from Abu Hanifa was mentioned to him, and Sufyan said: "He is untrustworthy and not reliable, he was asked to repent twice."'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 196]
٢٨١ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْفَضْلِ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُونُسَ، ثنا نُعَيْمُ بْنُ يَحْيَى السَّعِيدِيُّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيُّ، يَقُولُ «مَا وَضَعَ أَحَدٌ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ مَا وَضَعَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ أَبُو الْخَطَايَا»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٩٦]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
I heard from Abu al-Fadl, who said: "Ahmad ibn Abdullah ibn Yunus narrated to me, who said: 'Nu'aym ibn Yahya al-Sa'idi said: I heard Sufyan al-Thawri say: "No one has contributed to Islam as much as Abu Hanifa, except for being the father of mistakes.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 196]
أخبرنا ابن الفضل، أخبرنا ابن درستويه، حدثنا يعقوب. وأخبرنا أبو سعيد بن حسنويه، أخبرنا عبد الله بن محمد بن عيسى الخشاب، حدثنا أحمد بن مهدي قالا: حدثنا نعيم بن حماد، حدثنا إبراهيم بن محمد الفزاري قال: كنا - وفي حديث ابن مهدي كنت - عند سفيان الثوري إذ جاء نعي أبي حنيفة. فقال:
الحمد لله الذي أراح المسلمين منه. لقد كان ينقض عرى الإسلام عروة عروة، ما ولد في الإسلام مولود أشأم على أهل الإسلام منه.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٨]
Ibn al-Fadl informed us, Ibn Durustuyah informed us, Ya‘qub narrated to us.
And Abu Sa‘id ibn Hasanwayh informed us, ‘Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa al-Khashshab informed us, Ahmad ibn Mahdi narrated to us, both saying: Nu'aym ibn Hammad ⓘ narrated to us, Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Fazari narrated to us:
"We were"—and in Ibn Mahdi's version, "I was"—"with Sufyan al-Thawri when the news of Abu Hanifa’s death arrived. He said: 'Praise be to Allah, who relieved the Muslims from him. He used to dismantle the bonds of Islam, knot by knot. No one has been born in Islam more harmful for the people of Islam than him.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 398]
وأخبرنا ابن حسنويه، أخبرنا الخشاب، حدثنا أحمد بن مهدي، حدثنا أحمد ابن إبراهيم، حدثني سليمان بن عبد الله، حدثنا جرير عن ثعلبة قال:
سمعت سفيان الثوري يقول: ما ولد في الإسلام مولود أشأم على أهل الإسلام منه.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٩٨]
Ibn Hasanwayh informed us, Al-Khashshab informed us, Ahmad ibn Mahdi narrated to us, Ahmad ibn Ibrahim narrated to us, Sulayman ibn ‘Abdullah narrated to us, Jareer narrated to us from Tha'labah, who said:
"I heard Sufyan al-Thawri say: No one has been born in Islam more harmful for the people of Islam than him."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 398]
Kitab al-Hiyal is one of the books attributed to Abu Hanifa, however, this book was not authored by Abu Hanifa himself.
It was authored by his students and followers, from which Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Shaybani. He wrote this book mentioning strategems in Fiqh that Abu Hanifa came up with, believing that it would create ease for the people, while keeping it inside the boundaries of Islam.
This book was heavily criticized by the Salaf Saliheen. And they viewed it as forbidden to act upon this book.
أخبرنا محمد بن عبد الله الحنائي، أخبرنا محمد بن عبد الله الشافعي، حدثنا محمد بن إسماعيل السلمي، حدثنا أبو توبة الربيع بن نافع، حدثنا عبد الله بن المبارك. قال: من نظر في كتاب الحيل لأبي حنيفة أحل ما حرم الله، وحرم ما أحل الله.
[تاريخ بغداد - المجلد ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٣-٤٠٤]
Muhammad bin Abdullah al-Hanaai informed us, Muhammad bin Abdullah al-Shafi'i narrated to us, Muhammad bin Isma'il al-Sulami narrated to us, Abu Tuba al-Rabi' bin Nafi' narrated to us, Abdullah bin al-Mubarak said: "Whoever looks into the book of Al-Hiyal by Abu Hanifa, he will make what Allah has forbidden lawful and make what Allah has allowed forbidden."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 403-404]
أخبرني محمد بن علي المقرئ، أخبرنا محمد بن عبد الله الحافظ النيسابوري قال: سمعت أبا جعفر محمد بن صالح يقول: سمعت يحيى بن منصور الهروي يقول: سمعت أحمد بن سعيد الدارمي يقول: سمعت النضر بن شميل يقول: في كتاب الحيل كذا كذا مسألة كلها كفر.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٤]
Muhammad bin Ali al-Muqri' informed me, Muhammad bin Abdullah al-Hafiz al-Nisaburi narrated to us, I heard Abu Ja'far Muhammad bin Salih say: I heard Yahya bin Mansur al-Harawi say: I heard Ahmad bin Sa'id al-Darimi say: I heard al-Nadr bin Shamil say: "In the book of Al-Hiyal, there are such and such issues, all of which are kufr."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 404]
حدثني الأزهري، أخبرنا محمد بن العباس قال: حدثنا عبد الله بن إسحاق المدائني، حدثنا أحمد بن موسى الحزامي، حدثنا هدبة - وهو ابن عبد الوهاب - حدثنا أبو إسحاق الطالقاني قال: سمعت عبد الله بن المبارك يقول: من كان عنده كتاب حيل أبي حنيفة يستعمله - أو يفتي به - فقد بطل حجه، وبانت منه امرأته. فقال مولى ابن المبارك: يا أبا عبد الرحمن ما أدري وضع كتاب الحيل إلا شيطان. فقال ابن المبارك: الذي وضع كتاب الحيل أشر من الشيطان.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٤]
Al-Azhari narrated to me, Muhammad bin al-'Abbas informed us, Abdullah bin Is'haq al-Mada'ini narrated to us, Ahmad bin Musa al-Hazami narrated to us, Hudhaybah (who is Ibn 'Abdul-Wahhab) narrated to us, Abu Ishaq al-Taliqani said:
I heard Abdullah bin al-Mubarak say: "Whoever has the book of Al-Hiyal of Abu Hanifa and uses it - or gives fatwas based on it - his Hajj is invalid, and his wife is divorced from him."
The freed slave of Ibn al-Mubarak said: "O Abu 'Abdul-Rahman, I don't know, but the book of Al-Hiyal was put together by none other than Shaytan." Ibn al-Mubarak replied: "The one who wrote the book of Al-Hiyal is worse than Shaytan."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 404]
أخبرنا إبراهيم بن عمر البرمكي، أخبرنا محمد بن عبد الله بن خلف الدقاق، حدثنا عمر بن محمد الجوهري، حدثنا أبو بكر الأثرم قال: حدثني زكريا بن سهل المروزي قال: سمعت الطالقاني أبا إسحاق يقول: سمعت ابن المبارك يقول: من كان كتاب الحيل في بيته يفتي به، أو يعمل بما فيه، فهو كافر بانت امرأته، وبطل حجه. قال: فقيل له: إن في هذا الكتاب إذا أرادت المرأة أن تختلع من زوجها ارتدت عن الإسلام حتى تبين، ثم تراجع الإسلام، فقال عبد الله من وضع هذا فهو كافر بانت منه امرأته، وبطل حجه. فقال له خاقان المؤذن: ما وضعه إلا إبليس. قال الذي وضعه عندي أبلس من إبليس.
وقال زكريا: أخبرنا الحسين بن عبد الله النيسابوري قال: أشهد على عبد الله - يعني ابن المبارك - شهادة يسألني الله عنها أنه قال لي: يا حسين قد تركت كل شئ رويته عن أبي حنيفة فأستغفر الله وأتوب إليه.
وقال زكريا: سمعت عبد الله وعلي بن شقيق كليهما يقول: قال ابن المبارك:
كنت إذا أتيت مجلس سفيان فشئت أن تسمع كتاب الله سمعته، وإن شئت أن تسمع آثار رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم سمعتها، وإن شئت أن تسمع كلاما في الزهد سمعته، وأما مجلس لا أذكر أني سمعت فيه قط صلى على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، فمجلس أبي حنيفة.
[تاريخ بغداد - المجلد ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٤-٤٠٥]
Ibrahim bin Umar al-Barmaki informed us, Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Khalaf al-Daqqaq narrated to us, Umar bin Muhammad al-Jawhari (Abu Hafs 'Umar ibn Muhammad ibn 'Isa ibn Sa'id al-Jawhari al-Sudhabi) narrated to us, Abu Bakr al-Athram said: Zakariya bin Sahl al-Marwazi narrated to me, I heard Abu Ishaq al-Talqani say:
I heard Ibn al-Mubarak say: "Whoever has the book of Al-Hiyal in his house and gives fatwas based on it, or acts upon its contents, he is a disbeliever, his wife is divorced from him, and his Hajj is invalid."
It was then said to him: "In this book, when a woman wants to initiate a khul' (divorce), she renounces Islam until she is divorced, then she reverts to Islam." Abdullah replied: "Whoever wrote this, he is a disbeliever, his wife is divorced from him, and his Hajj is invalid."
Then Khakan the muadhin said: "Only Satan could have written this." Ibn al-Mubarak replied: "The one who wrote this is worse than Satan."
Zakariya said: Al-Husayn bin Abdullah al-Nisaburi informed us, and I bear witness to Abdullah (meaning Ibn al-Mubarak) with a testimony that Allah will question me about, that he said to me: "O Husayn, I have left everything I narrated from Abu Hanifa, and I seek forgiveness from Allah and repent to Him."
Zakariya said: I heard both Abdullah and Ali bin Shaqiq say: Ibn al-Mubarak said: "When I would come to the gathering of Sufyan, if I wished to hear the Book of Allah, I heard it; and if I wished to hear the reports of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), I heard them; and if I wished to hear something about asceticism, I heard it. But as for a gathering in which I do not remember hearing the blessings upon the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), it was the gathering of Abu Hanifa."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 404-405]
It has been estabilished that the one who wrote the book Al-Hiyal is not Abu Hanifa, rather it is a book that was compiled by his followers.
But still, its content comes from Abu Hanifa's teachings, which were narrated by his students.
So Kitab al-Hiyal's content does in fact come from Abu Hanifa, even if he did not author it.
5951 - عمر بن محمد بن عيسى بن سعيد، أبو حفص الجوهري المعروف بالسذابي:
حدث عن العلاء بن مسلمة الرواس، ومحمود بن خداش، وأبي بكر الأثرم، والحسن بن عرفة، وحمدون بن عباد الفرغاني، ومحمد بن أبي العوام الرياحي. روى عنه عمر بن جعفر بن سلم، وأبو بكر الشافعي، وأحمد بن عبد العزيز الصريفيني، وعبد الله بن موسى الهاشمي، ومحمد بن عبد الله بن بخيت الدقاق، ومحمد بن عبيد الله بن الشخير الصيرفي، وغيرهم. وفي بعض حديثه نكرة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١١ - الصفحة ٢٢٥]
‘Umar ibn Muḥammad ibn ‘Īsā ibn Sa‘īd, Abū Ḥafṣ al-Jawharī, known as al-Sudhābī:
He narrated from al-‘Alā’ ibn Muslimah al-Rawwās, Maḥmūd ibn Khaddāsh, Abū Bakr al-Athram, al-Ḥasan ibn ‘Arafah, Ḥamdūn ibn ‘Abbād al-Farghānī, and Muḥammad ibn Abī al-‘Awām al-Riyāḥī.
Those who narrated from him include ‘Umar ibn Ja‘far ibn Salm, Abū Bakr al-Shāfi‘ī, Aḥmad ibn ‘Abd al-‘Azīz al-Ṣarīfīnī, ‘Abdullāh ibn Mūsā al-Hāshimī, Muḥammad ibn ‘Abdullāh ibn Bukhayt al-Daqqāq, Muḥammad ibn ‘Ubaydullāh ibn al-Shikhīr al-Ṣayrafī, and others.
Some of his hadiths contain irregularities (nakārah).
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 11 - Page 225]
حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو صَالِحٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ , حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ , حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَارِثِ الصَّائِغُ , قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ , قَالَ: «هَذِهِ الْحِيَلُ الَّتِي وَضَعَهَا هَؤُلَاءِ - أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ - عَمَدُوا إِلَى السُّنَنِ فَاحْتَالُوا فِي نَقْضِهَا , أَتَوْا إِلَى الَّذِي قِيلَ لَهُمْ إِنَّهُ حَرَامٌ وَاحْتَالُوا فِيهِ حَتَّى أَحَلُّوهُ»
[كتاب إبطال الحيل - ابن بطه - الصفحة ٥٢]
Ibn Battah mentioned:
Abu Salah Muhammad ibn Ahmad narrated to us, and Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Dawood narrated to us, and Abu Harith al-Sa'igh narrated to us, saying: "I heard Abu Abdullah (Imam Ahmad) say: 'These legal stratagems established by Abu Hanifa and his companions, they deliberately sought to manipulate the Sunnah, and they came to what had been declared forbidden and found a way to make it permissible.'"
[Kitaab Ibtaal al-Hiyal - Ibn Battah - Page 52]
وَقَالَ الْمَيْمُونِيُّ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: " مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى ⦗٥٣⦘ يَمِينٍ ثُمَّ احْتَالَ لِإِبْطَالِهَا , هَلْ تَجُوزُ تِلْكَ الْحِيلَةُ؟ قَالَ: لَا. نَحْنُ لَا نَرَى الْحِيلَةَ ".
[كتاب إبطال الحيل - ابن بطه - الصفحة ٥٢]
Ibn Battah mentioned:
Al-Maymuni said: "I asked Abu Abdullah (Imam Ahmad), 'If someone swears an oath and then seeks to invalidate it through stratagem, is such a trick permissible?' He replied: 'No. We do not consider stratagems like that to be valid.'"
[Kitaab Ibtaal al-Hiyal - Ibn Battah - Page 52]
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ الْعَطَّارُ , حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ السِّجِسْتَانِيُّ , قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ - وَذَكَرَ الْحِيَلَ عَنْ أَصْحَابِ الرَّأْيِ , فَقَالَ: «يَحْتَالُونَ لِنَقْضِ سُنَنِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ»
[كتاب إبطال الحيل - ابن بطه - الصفحة ٥٤]
Ibn Battah mentioned:
Abu al-Hasan Ahmad ibn Ibrahim ibn Habib al-Attar narrated to us, and Abu Dawood al-Sijistani narrated to us, saying: "I heard Abu Abdullah (Imam Ahmad), and he mentioned the stratagems of Ahl al-Raiyy, saying: 'They seek to invalidate the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) through their tricks.'"
[Kitaab Ibtaal al-Hiyal - Ibn Battah - Page 54]
This was the opinion of Imam Ahmad regarding Abu Hanifa's use of legal stratagems.
Abu Hanifa, in reality, only used it because he regarded it to be allowed to practise in difficult situations presented to him.
His intention was never to undermine the Sunnah. Scholars like Yahya ibn Ma'een, Imam Shafi'i, Waki', Yahya ibn Sa'eed al-Qattan, Al-Qasim ibn Ma'n, Abu 'Ubayd al-Qasim ibn Sallam and others had a different view about this issue.
They defended Abu Hanifa by stating that he never intended to invalidate the Sunnah. Instead, they believed that any mistakes he made were due to his ijtihad, or personal legal reasoning, where he sought to offer easier solutions within the boundaries of Islamic law.
Among the Salaf Saliheen, there was a difference of opinion regarding whether Abu Hanifa was considered part of the Muslim community or not.
Majority viewed Abu Hanifa to be a Muslim, however, there are some major figures like Abu Zur'ah al-Razi who viewed Abu Hanifa to have died as a Jahmi.
Below you will also find statements of Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman (Murji) and Isma'il ibn Hammad (Jahmi, grandson of Abu Hanifa) claiming Abu Hanifa was a Jahmi. But they are not from among the Salaf Saliheen.
وقال ابن الجارود في كتابه في الضعفاء والمتروكين النعمان بن ثابت أبو حنيفة جل حديثه وهم وقد اختلف في اسلامه
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٥٠]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"Ibn al-Jarud said in his book Al-Du‘afā wa al-Matrukīn (The Weak and the Abandoned): 'Al-Nu‘mān ibn Thābit, Abu Hanifa: most of his hadiths are erroneous, and there is a difference of opinion regarding his Islam.'
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 150]
حدثنا سليمان بن داود القطان قال حدثنا أحمد بن الحسين الترمذي قال حدثنا أبو نعيم ضرار بن صرد قال حدثنا سليمان المقرئ قال سمعت الثوري يقول قال لنا حماد أفيكم من يأتي أبا حنيفة بلغوا عني أبا حنيفة أني برئ منه وكان يقول
[ضعفاء العقيلي - العقيلي - ج ٤ - الصفحة ٢٨٠]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
Sulaiman bin Dawood Al-Qattan narrated to us, he said: Ahmad bin Al-Hussain Al-Tirmidhi narrated to us, he said: Abu Nu'aym Dirar ibn Surad ⓘ narrated to us, he said: Sulayman al-Muqri ⓘ narrated to us, he said: I heard Al-Thawri say: Hammad said to us: "Is there anyone among you who goes to Abu Hanifa? Convey to Abu Hanifa from me that I am free from him."
[Al-Du'afaa - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 280]
This narration is accepted due to corroborating narrations. Hammad ibn Abi Sulaymaan believed that Abu Hanifa said that the Quran is created. This was not the case.
٤٠٦ - حَدَّثَنِي إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ابْنُ عَمِّ، أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مَنِيعٍ أَخْبَرَنِي غَيْرُ، وَاحِدٍ،: مِنْهُمْ أَبُو عُثْمَانَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ صُبَيْحٍ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو عَمْرٍو الشَّيْبَانِيُّ، قَالَ: " لَمَّا وَلِيَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ حَمَّادِ بْنِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ الْقَضَاءَ قَالَ: مَضَيْتُ حَتَّى دَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ فَقُلْتُ: بَلَغَنِي أَنَّكَ تَقُولُ: الْقُرْآنُ كَلَامُ اللَّهِ وَهُوَ مَخْلُوقٌ، فَقَالَ: هَذَا دِينِي وَدِينُ آبَائِي، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: مَتَى تَكَلَّمَ بِهَذَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْلُقَهُ أَوْ بَعْدَمَا خَلَقَهُ أَوْ حِينَ خَلَقَهُ، قَالَ: فَمَا رَدَّ عَلَيَّ حَرْفًا، فَقُلْتُ: يَا هَذَا اتَّقِ اللَّهَ وَانْظُرْ مَا تَقُولُ وَرَكِبْتُ حِمَارِي وَرَجَعْتُ "
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ٢٢٨]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ishaq ibn Ibrahim ibn 'Am, Ahmad ibn Mani' narrated to me, informing me that more than one person relayed this, among them Abu 'Uthman Sa'id ibn Subayh, who narrated to me from Abu 'Amr al-Shaybani, who said:
"When Isma'il ibn Hammad ibn Abi Hanifa assumed the position of judge, I went to him and said: 'I have heard that you say: The Qur'an is the speech of Allah and it is created.' He replied: 'This is my religion and the religion of my forefathers.'
So he was asked: 'Did He (Allah) speak it before He created it, or after He created it, or at the time He created it?'
He did not respond to me with a single word.
So I said: 'O man, fear Allah and consider what you are saying.' Then I mounted my donkey and left."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 228]
Ismail ibn Hammad was a Jahmi, not relied upon in what he says, and he lied about his forefathers, as they actually rejected Jahmiyyah. This was narrated by Bishr ibn al-Waleed.
٢٣٥ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو مُوسَى الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، سَمِعْتُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنَ حَمَّادِ بْنِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، يَقُولُ: «هُوَ دِينُهُ وَدِينُ آبَائِهِ يَعْنِي الْقُرْآنُ مَخْلُوقٌ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٨٢]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abu Musa al-Ansari told me: I heard Ismail ibn Hammad ibn Abi Hanifa say that his belief is the belief of his forefathers, meaning that the Quran is created."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 182]
Though the isnad is Sahih, this does not mean Ismail ibn Hammad was right about his religion matching that of his forefathers (Hammad and Abu Hanifa). Another narration mentions Bishr ibn Waleed refuting Ismail's claim.
أخبرنا إبراهيم بن عمر البرمكي، أخبرنا محمد بن عبد الله بن خلف الدقاق، حدثنا عمر بن محمد بن عيسى الجوهري، حدثنا أبو بكر الأثرم قال: حدثني هارون بن إسحاق قال: سمعت إسماعيل بن أبي الحكم يذكر عن عمر بن عبيد الطنافسي عن أبيه: أن حماد بن أبي سليمان بعث إلى أبي حنيفة: إني بريء مما تقول إلا أن تتوب؟ قال: وكان عنده ابن عيينة، فقال: أخبرني جار لي أن أبا حنيفة دعاه إلى ما استتيب منه بعد ما استتيب.
[تاريخ بغداد - المجلد ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٧]
Ibrahim ibn Umar al-Barmaki told us, Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Khalaf al-Daqqaq informed us, Umar ibn Muhammad ibn Isa al-Jawhari told us, Abu Bakr al-Athram said: Harun ibn Ishaq (born 161 AH) told me, and I heard Ismail ibn Abi al-Hakam (Al-Thaqafi) (Majhul) mention from Umar ibn Ubayd al-Tanafasi from his father:
Hamad ibn Abi Sulayman sent to Abu Hanifa: "I distance myself from what you say unless you repent." He said: "And Ibn Uyaynah was with him, and he said: 'A neighbor of mine informed me that Abu Hanifa invited him to what he had been called to repent from after having repented.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 377]
That neighbor's saying cannot be taken, as he is not known, nor is his reliability estabilished.
It says that Abu Hanifa was made to repent, possibly from his supposed saying that the Quran is created, and then after that took on that view and even invited that neighbor to adopting that view.
أخبرنا محمد بن عبيد الله الحنائي، والحسن بن أبي بكر، ومحمد بن عمر القرشي قالوا: أخبرنا محمد بن عبد الله الشافعي، حدثنا محمد بن يونس، حدثنا ضرار بن صرد قال: حدثني سليم المقرئ، حدثنا سفيان الثوري قال: قال لي حماد بن أبي سليمان: أبلغ عني أبا حنيفة المشرك أني بريء منه حتى يرجع عن قوله في القرآن.
[تاريخ بغداد - المجلد ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٧]
Muhammad ibn Ubayd Allah al-Hana'i, al-Hasan ibn Abi Bakr, and Muhammad ibn Umar al-Qurashi said: Muhammad ibn Abdullah al-Shafi'i informed us, Muhammad ibn Yunus told us, Dirar ibn Surad ⓘ informed us: Sulaym al-Muqri ⓘ told us, Sufyan al-Thawri said: Hamad ibn Abi Sulayman said to me: "Convey to Abu Hanifa, the mushrik, that I am innocent of him unless he repents from his statement about the Quran."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 377]
أخبرنا الحسين بن شجاع، أخبرنا عمر بن جعفر بن سلم، حدثنا أحمد بن علي الأبار، حدثنا عبد الأعلى بن واصل، حدثنا أبو نعيم - ضرار بن صرد - قال: سمعت سليم بن عيسى المقرئ قال: سمعت سفيان بن سعيد الثوري يقول: سمعت حماد بن أبي سليمان يقول: أبلغوا أبا حنيف المشرك أني من دينه بريء إلى أن يتوب. قال سليم: كان يزعم أن القرآن مخلوق.
[تاريخ بغداد - الجزء ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٧-٣٧٨]
Hussain ibn Shuja' informed us, Umar ibn Ja'far ibn Sallam told us, Ahmad ibn Ali al-Abar narrated to us, Abdul A'la ibn Wasil narrated to us, Abu Nu'aym (Dirar ibn Surad) ⓘsaid: I heard Sulaym ibn Isa al-Muqri ⓘ say: I heard Sufyan ibn Sa'id al-Thawri say: I heard Hamad ibn Abi Sulayman say: "Convey to Abu Hanifa, the mushrik, that I am innocent of his religion until he repents." Sulaym said: He (Abu Hanifa) used to claim that the Quran was created.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 377-378]
حدثنا أبو عبد الله الحسين بن شجاع الصوفي، أخبرنا عمر بن جعفر بن محمد بن سلم الختلي، حدثنا يعقوب بن يوسف المطوعي، حدثنا حسين بن الأسود، حدثنا حسين بن عبد الأول، أخبرني إسماعيل بن حماد بن أبي حنيفة قال، هو قول أبي حنيفة: القرآن مخلوق.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٦]
Abu Abdullah al-Husayn ibn Shuja' al-Sufi narrated to us, saying: Umar ibn Ja'far ibn Muhammad ibn Salm al-Khatali informed us, saying: Ya'qub ibn Yusuf al-Mutawi'i narrated to us, saying: Husayn ibn al-Aswad narrated to us, saying: Husayn ibn Abd al-Awwal narrated to us, saying: Isma'il ibn Hammad ibn Abu Hanifa informed me, saying: "This is the statement of Abu Hanifa: 'The Quran is created.'”
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 376]
كتب إلي عبد الرحمن بن عثمان الدمشقي، حدثنا عبد العزيز بن أبي طاهر قال: أخبرنا أبو الميمون البجلي، حدثنا أبو زرعة عبد الرحمن بن عمرو، أخبرني محمد بن الوليد قال: سمعت أبا مسهر يقول: قال سلمة بن عمرو القاضي - على المنبر -: لا رحم الله أبا حنيفة! فإنه أول من زعم أن القرآن مخلوق.
[تاريخ بغداد - الجزء ١٣ - الصفحتان ٣٧٥]
Abdurrahman bin Uthman Al-Dimashqi wrote to me, reporting that Abdulaziz bin Abi Tahir said: Abu Al-Maimoun Al-Bajali informed us, narrating from Abu Zur'ah Abdurrahman bin Amr, who said that Muhammad bin Al-Waleed told him: I heard Abu Mushar say that Salamah bin Amr Al-Qadi said from the pulpit: "May Allah not have mercy on Abu Hanifa, for he was the first to claim that the Quran is created."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 375]
Salamah bin Amr Al-Qadhi was wrong, as the first to say it was Ja'd ibn Dirham. And if he means in Kufah, then his saying is his opinion, as it is not estabilished among the companions of Abu Hanifa that he ever held such a view.
١٨٧٦ - النُّعْمَانُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ الْقَطَّانُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ التِّرْمِذِيُّ ⦗٢٨٠⦘، قَالَ , حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ ضِرَارُ بْنُ صُرَدَ , قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمٌ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الثَّوْرِيَّ يَقُولُ: قَالَ لَنَا حَمَّادٌ: أَفِيكُمْ مَنْ يَأْتِي أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ؟ بَلِّغُوا عَنِّي أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ أَنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِنْهُ. وَكَانَ يَقُولُ: الْقُرْآَنُ مَخْلُوقٌ ضِرَارٌ لَيْسَ بِثِقَةٍ
[كتاب الضعفاء الكبير - العقيلي - المجلد ٤ - الصفحة ٢٦٨]
Al-'Uqayli mentioned:
Narrated to us from Sulayman ibn Dawud al-Qattan, who said: Ahmad ibn al-Husayn al-Tirmidhi narrated to us, who said: Abu Nu'aym Dirar ibn Surad ⓘ narrated to us, who said: Sulaym al-Muqri ⓘ narrated to us, saying:
Al-Thawri said: Hammad (ibn Abi Sulaymaan) told us, "Is there anyone among you who goes to Abu Hanifa? Convey to Abu Hanifa on my behalf that I am free from him, as he said that the Quran is created."
Al-'Uqayli added: Dirar (Abu Nu'aym Dirar ibn Surad) is not Thiqah.
[Kitaab Al-Du'afaa al-Kabir - Al-'Uqayli - Volume 4 - Page 268]
٣٩٤ - ذَكَرَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ مُوسَى قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا نُوحُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ الْقُومَسِيُّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُؤَمَّلَ بْنَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيَّ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ حَمَّادَ بْنَ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ يَقُولُ: قُولُوا لِفُلَانٍ الْكَافِرِ لَا يَقْرَبْ مَجْلِسِي؛ فَإِنَّهُ يَقُولُ: الْقُرْآنُ مَخْلُوقٌ
[شرح أصول اعتقاد - المجلد ٢ - الصفحة ٢٦٥]
Imam Lalakaee mentioned:
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Abī Ḥātim mentioned it, saying: Muḥammad ibn al-Faḍl ibn Mūsā narrated to us, Nūḥ ibn Ḥabīb al-Qūmasī narrated to us, saying: I heard Muʾammal ibn Ismāʿīl say: I heard Sufyān al-Thawrī say: I heard Ḥammād ibn Abī Sulaymān say: "Tell so-and-so (Abu Hanifa), the disbeliever, not to come near my gathering, for he says that the Quran is created."
[Sharh Usul I'tiqaad - Volume 2 - Page 265]
٢٣٩ - حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَوْنِ بْنِ الْخَرَّازِ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ، وَكَانَ، ثِقَةً، ثنا شَيْخٌ، مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ: قِيلَ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَوْنٍ: هُو أَبُو الْجَهْمِ فَكَأَنَّهُ أَقَرَّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيَّ يَقُولُ: قَالَ لِي حَمَّادُ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ " اذْهَبْ إِلَى الْكَافِرِ يَعْنِي أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ فَقُلْ لَهُ: إِنْ كُنْتَ تَقُولُ: إِنَّ الْقُرْآنَ مَخْلُوقٌ فَلَا تَقْرَبْنَا "
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٨٤]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Abdullah ibn Awn ibn al-Kharraz, known as Abu Muhammad, who was trustworthy, narrated to me from a shaykh from the people of Kufa. It was said to Abdullah ibn Awn: "He is Abu al-Jahm." It seemed that he confirmed it. He said: "I heard Sufyan al-Thawri say: Hammād ibn Abi Sulayman said to me, 'Go to the disbeliever,' meaning Abu Hanifa, 'and tell him: If you say that the Quran is created, then do not come near us.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 184]
٢٤١ - حَدَّثَنِي إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ أَبِي يَعْقُوبَ الطُّوسِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ ⦗١٨٥⦘ يُونُسَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمٍ الْمُقْرِئِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ حَمَّادًا، يَقُولُ: " أَلَا تَعْجَبُ مِنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ يَقُولُ: الْقُرْآنُ مَخْلُوقٌ، قُلْ لَهُ يَا كَافِرُ يَا زِنْدِيقُ "
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٨٤]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
Ishaq ibn Abu Ya'qub al-Tusi narrated to us, Ahmad ibn Abdullah ibn Yunus narrated to us from Sulaym al-Muqri ⓘ, from Sufyan al-Thawri, who said: "I heard Hammad say: 'Do not be amazed at Abu Hanifa saying: "The Quran is created." Say to him, 'O disbeliever, O heretic.'"
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 184]
سمعت أبا زرعة يقول: "كان أبو حنيفة جهميا، وكان محمد بن الحسن جهمياً، وكان أبو يوسف جهمياً بين التجهم" (٢).
[سؤالات البرذعي - الجزء ٢ - الصفحة ٥٧٠]
Al-Bardha'i said: "I heard Abu Zar'ah say: 'Abu Hanifa was a Jahmi, and Muhammad ibn al-Hasan was a Jahmi, and Abu Yusuf was a Jahmi between the Jahmiyyah.'"
[Sualaat al-Bardha'i - Volume 2 - Page 570]
٣٩٣ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حَجَّاجٍ , أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ , حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا ضِرَارُ بْنُ صُرَدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي سُلَيْمٌ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي حَمَّادُ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ: أَبْلِغْ عَنِّي أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ ⦗٢٦٦⦘ الْمُشْرِكَ أَنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِنْهُ حَتَّى يَرْجِعَ عَنْ قَوْلِهِ فِي الْقُرْآنِ.
[شرح أصول اعتقاد - المجلد ٢ - الصفحة ٢٦٥]
Imam Lalakaee mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Ubayd Allah ibn Hajjaj informed us, Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Ibrahim informed us, and Muhammad ibn Yunus narrated to us, saying: Dirar ibn Surad ⓘ narrated to me, saying: Sulaym al-Muqri ⓘ narrated to us, saying:
Sufyan al-Thawri said: Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman told me: "Convey from me to Abu Hanifa, the Mushrik, that I am free from him until he retracts his statement about the Quran."
[Sharh Usul I'tiqaad - Volume 2 - Page 265]
False accusations were made against Abu Hanifa, claiming that he believed the Quran was created.
Though this narration contains a weak narrator named Dirar ibn Surad, it has been included in many books.
The narration is weak and should not be relied upon. Especially knowing that there are many counter narrations refuting the notion that Abu Hanifa believed the Quran is created.
A similar situation occurred with Imam Bukhari, who was falsely accused of holding the belief that the Quran is created. His teacher, Muhammad ibn Yahya al-Duhli, labeled Bukhari a Jahmi. This led to Bukhari's exile and a great trial for him.
Eventually, Bukhari clarified himself and distanced from the falsehoods attributed to him.
Abu Zur'ah al-Razi, a prominent figure in the science of Hadith, initially followed Ahl al-Raiyy and was a strong proponent of Abu Hanifa.
However, he later distanced himself from Abu Hanifa after it became clear to him that Abu Hanifa should not delve too deeply into complex issues making him overly rely on Raiyy.
Abu Zur'ah is among the few scholars who believed that Abu Hanifa died as a Jahmi.
Below, you will find narrations mentioned in his book 'Al-Tarikh', rahimahullah. These narrations are also found in works such as 'Kitab al-Sunnah' by Abdullah ibn Ahmad, rahimahullah, and 'Tarikh Baghdad' by Khatib.
حدثنا أبو زرعة قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ شَبُّوَيْهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي الْفَضْلُ بْنُ مُوسَى قال: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَوْنٍ يَقُولُ: بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ بِالْكُوفَةِ رَجُلًا يُجِيبُ في المعضلات.
[ص505 - كتاب تاريخ أبي زرعة الدمشقي]
Abu Zur'ah al-Razi mentioned:
Ahmad bin Shabawayh told us, he said: Al-Fadl bin Musa told us, he said: I heard Ibn 'Awn say: It has reached me that there is a man in Kufa who provides answers to difficult issues.
[Al-Tarikh - Abu Zur'ah al-Razi - Page 505]
حدثنا أبو زرعة قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ: أَنَا أَكْبَرُ مَنْ رَأَى أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ.
[ص505 - كتاب تاريخ أبي زرعة الدمشقي]
Abu Zur'ah al-Razi mentioned:
Abu Nu'aym said: I am the oldest person who has seen Abu Hanifa.
[Al-Tarikh - Abu Zur'ah al-Razi - Page 505]
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَجُلًا قَالَ لِأَبِي نُعَيْمٍ: كَانَ سُفْيَانُ يُكَلِّمُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ؟ فَأَوْمَأَ بِرَأْسِهِ أَيْ: لَا.
[ص505 - كتاب تاريخ أبي زرعة الدمشقي]
Abu Zur'ah al-Razi mentioned:
I heard a man ask Abu Nu'aym: Did Sufyan speak to Abu Hanifa? He gestured with his head, meaning: No.
[Al-Tarikh - Abu Zur'ah al-Razi - Page 505]
Sufyan al-Thawri strongly disliked Abu Hanifa for his approach in excessive Raiyy and Qiyas.
قَالَ لَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ: وَكَانَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ يبتدىء سفيان.
[ص505 - كتاب تاريخ أبي زرعة الدمشقي]
Abu Zur'ah al-Razi mentioned:
Abu Nu'aym said to us: And Abu Hanifa used to initiate conversation with Sufyan.
[Al-Tarikh - Abu Zur'ah al-Razi - Page 505]
Abu Hanifa indeed used to initiate conversation with Sufyan al-Thawri, while Sufyan used to try to avoid Abu Hanifa whenever he could.
يَحْيَى بْنُ حَمْزَةَ عَنْ شَرِيكٍ قال: استتب أبو حنيفة مرتين.
[ص506 - كتاب تاريخ أبي زرعة الدمشقي]
Abu Zur'ah al-Razi mentioned:
Yahya bin Hamzah narrated from Sharik, who said: "Abu Hanifa was made to repent twice."
[Al-Tarikh - Abu Zur'ah al-Razi - Page 506]
حدثنا أبو زرعة قَالَ: فَأَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا مُسْهِرٍ يَقُولُ: قَالَ سَلَمَةُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الْقَاضِيُّ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ: لَا رَحِمَ اللَّهُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ، فَإِنَّهُ أَوَّلُ مَنْ زعم أن القرآن مخلوق.
[ص506 - كتاب تاريخ أبي زرعة الدمشقي]
Abu Zur'ah al-Razi mentioned:
Muhammad bin al-Walid informed me, who said: I heard Abu Mushir say: Salamah bin Amr al-Qadi said on the pulpit: May Allah have no mercy on Abu Hanifa, for he was the first to claim that the Qur'an is created.
[Al-Tarikh - Abu Zur'ah al-Razi - Page 506]
حدثنا أبو زرعة قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ شَبُّوَيْهِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَبِي رِزْمَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، فَأَطْرَيْتُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ، فَسَكَتَ عَنِّي، فَلَمَّا كَانَ عِنْدَ الْوَدَاعِ قُلْتُ لَهُ: أَوْصِنِي قَالَ: أَمَّا إِنِّي أَرَدْتُ ذَاكَ، وَلَوْ لَمْ تَسْأَلْنِي، سَمِعْتُكَ تُطْرِي رَجُلًا كَانَ يَرَى السَّيْفَ فِي الْأُمَّةِ، قُلْتُ لَهُ: أَفَلَا أَعْلَمْتَنِي؟ قَالَ: لَا أدع ذاك.
[ص506 - كتاب تاريخ أبي زرعة الدمشقي]
Abu Zur'ah al-Razi mentioned:
Ahmad bin Shabawayh informed us, who said: Abdul Aziz bin Abi Rizmah narrated from Abdullah bin al-Mubarak, who said: I was with Al-Awza'i, and I praised Abu Hanifa. He remained silent in response. When it was time to part, I said to him: Advise me. He said: Indeed, I intended to do so, even if you had not asked me. I heard you praise a man who believed in the use of the sword against the Ummah. I said to him: Why didn’t you inform me? He replied: I will not leave that.
[Al-Tarikh - Abu Zur'ah al-Razi - Page 506]
حدثنا أبو زرعة قال: قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ عَنْ سُفَيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ قال: قَالَ رَقَبَةُ لِلْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مَعْنٍ: أَيْنَ تَذْهَبُ؟ قَالَ: إِلَى أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ. قَالَ: يُمَكِّنُكَ مِنْ رَأْيٍ مَا مَضَغْتَ وَتَرْجِعُ إِلَى أهلك بغير ثقة.
[ص506 - كتاب تاريخ أبي زرعة الدمشقي]
Abu Zur'ah al-Razi mentioned:
Muhammad bin Abi Omar narrated from Sufyan bin Uyainah, who said: Raqabah said to Al-Qasim bin Ma'n: Where are you going? He said: To Abu Hanifa. Raqabah replied: He will give you an opinion that you have not fully digested, and you will return to your family without certainty.
[Al-Tarikh - Abu Zur'ah al-Razi - Page 506]
حدثنا أبو زرعة قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ قال: حَدَّثَنَا عَنْبَسَةُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ: شَهِدْتُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ فِي مَجْلِسِ رَبِيعَةَ، فَكَانَ مَجْهُودُ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ أَنْ يَفْهَمَ مَا يَقُولُ رَبِيعَةُ.
[ص507 - كتاب تاريخ أبي زرعة الدمشقي]
Abu Zur'ah al-Razi mentioned:
Ahmad bin Salih narrated to us, who said: Anbasa bin Khalid narrated from Yunus bin Yazid, who said: I witnessed Abu Hanifa in the gathering of Rabi'ah, and it was evident that Abu Hanifa struggled to understand what Rabi'ah was saying.
[Al-Tarikh - Abu Zur'ah al-Razi - Page 507]
حدثنا أبو زرعة قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ تَوْبَةَ قال: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ عَنْ سَلَّامِ بْنِ أَبِي مُطِيعٍ قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ أَيُّوبَ بِمَكَّةَ، فَأَقْبَلَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ - قَالَ: فَقَالَ أَيُّوبُ: قُومُوا لَا يُعْدِنَا بِجَرَبِهِ.
[ص507 - كتاب تاريخ أبي زرعة الدمشقي]
Abu Zur'ah al-Razi mentioned:
Muhammad bin Tawbah narrated to us, who said: Sa'id bin Amir narrated from Salam bin Abi Muti', who said: We were with Ayub in Makkah, and Abu Hanifa approached. Ayub said: Stand up, do not let him sit near us with his scabies.
[Al-Tarikh - Abu Zur'ah al-Razi - Page 507]
حدثنا أبو زرعة قال: قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ: قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: مَا وُلِدَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ مَوْلُودٌ، أَضَرُّ عَلَى الإسلام من أبي حنيفة.
[ص507 - كتاب تاريخ أبي زرعة الدمشقي]
Abu Zur'ah al-Razi mentioned:
Muhammad bin Abi Omar said: Sufyan said: No one has been born in Islam who is more harmful to Islam than Abu Hanifa.
[Al-Tarikh - Abu Zur'ah al-Razi - Page 507]
حدثنا أبو زرعة قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الصَّبَاحِ قال: حَدَّثَنَا مُؤَمَّلٌ قال: سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيَّ يَقُولُ: أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ غَيْرُ ثِقَةٍ، وَلَا مَأْمُونٍ، اسْتُتِيبَ مرتين.
[ص507 - كتاب تاريخ أبي زرعة الدمشقي]
Abu Zur'ah al-Razi mentioned:
Abu Zar'ah told us, he said: Al-Hasan bin al-Sabbah narrated to us, who said: Mu'ammal narrated to us, who said: I heard Sufyan al-Thawri say: Abu Hanifa is neither trustworthy nor reliable; he was given the opportunity to repent twice.
[Al-Tarikh - Abu Zur'ah al-Razi - Page 507]
حدثنا أبو زرعة قال: حدثنا يَزِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ رَبِّهِ قال: سَمِعْتُ وَكِيعَ بْنَ الْجَرَّاحِ يَقُولُ لِيَحْيَى بْنِ صَالِحٍ الْوُحَاظِيِّ: يَا أَبَا زَكَرِيَّا احْذَرِ الرَّأْيِ، فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ يَقُولُ: لَلْبَوْلُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ أَحْسَنُ من بعض قياسهم.
[ص507 - كتاب تاريخ أبي زرعة الدمشقي]
Abu Zur'ah al-Razi mentioned:
Yazid bin Abd Rabbihi narrated to us, who said: I heard Waki' bin al-Jarrah say to Yahya bin Salih al-Wuhazi: O Abu Zakariya, beware of opinion (ra'y), for I heard Abu Hanifa say: Urinating in the mosque is better than some of their analogical reasoning (qiyas).
[Al-Tarikh - Abu Zur'ah al-Razi - Page 507]
Waki' ibn al-Jarrah was not known to be fanatical about anyone. He would stand up against the truth no matter what.
Even though he praised Abu Hanifa for his great understanding in Fiqh, he still made sure that nobody would blindly follow Abu Hanifa.
He would caution that one must be careful when following Abu Hanifa in his Qiyas, as there was a risk of him making errors and practicing blameworthy Qiyas.
حدثا أبو زرعة قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ تَوْبَةَ قال: حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ قال: قَالَ لِي أَيُّوبُ: لَوْ جِئْتَ حَتَّى تَنْظُرَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الرَّأْيِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: فَسَكَتَ سَكْتَةً ثُمَّ قَالَ: قِيلَ لِلْحِمَارِ: مَا لَكَ لَا تَجْتَرُّ؟ قَالَ: أَكْرَهُ مَضْغَ الباطل.
[ص507-508 - كتاب تاريخ أبي زرعة الدمشقي]
Abu Zur'ah al-Razi mentioned:
Muhammad bin Tawbah narrated to us, who said: Musa bin Abdul Rahman bin Mahdi narrated from his father, from Hammad bin Zayd, who said: Ayub said to me: Have you looked into something of opinion (raiyy), I said: Yes. He then paused for a moment and said: It was said to the donkey: Why do you not graze? He replied: I dislike chewing falsehood.
[Al-Tarikh - Abu Zur'ah al-Razi - Page 507-508]
حدثنا أبو زرعة قال: قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَرَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ قَالَ: لَمْ يَزَلْ أَمْرُ النَّاسِ مُعْتَدِلًا حَتَّى ظَهَرَ أَبَو حَنِيَفَةَ بِالْكُوفَةِ، وَالْبَتِّيُّ بِالْبَصْرَةِ، وَرَبِيعَةُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، فَنَظَرْنَا، فَوَجَدْنَاهُمْ مُنْ أَبْنَاءِ سَبَايَا الْأُمَمِ.
[ص508 - كتاب تاريخ أبي زرعة الدمشقي]
Abu Zur'ah al-Razi mentioned:
Muhammad bin Abi Omar narrated from Ibn Uyaynah, who said: The affairs of the people remained balanced until Abu Hanifa emerged in Kufa, and Al-Batti in Basra, and Rabi'ah in Medina. We looked, and we found them to be from the children of the captives of the nations.
[Al-Tarikh - Abu Zur'ah al-Razi - Page 508]
قال أبو حاتم: حدثت عن سفيان بن عيينة، قال: لقيني أبو حنيفة، فقال لي: كيف سماعك عن عمرو بن دينار (٢)؟ قال: قلت له أكثرت عنه. قال: لكني لم أسمع منه إلا حديثين. قال: قلت: ما هو؟ فقال: حدثنا عمرو، عن جابر بن عبد الله "في [أخباري] "، فقلت: حدثنا عمرو، عن جابر بن زيد ليس جابر بن عبد الله،
قلت: وما الآخر؟ فقال: حدثنا عمرو، عن ابن الحنفية عن علي: "لقد ظلم من لم يورث الإخوة من الأم"
فقلت: حدثنا عمرو، عن عبد الله بن محمد بن علي ليس بابن الحنفية.
قال سفيان: "فإذا هو قد أخطأ فيهما جميعا".
[سؤالات البرذعي - الجزء ٢ - الصفحة ٧٥٦]
Abu Hatim said: I was told by Sufyan bin Uyaynah, who said: Abu Hanifa met me and asked: How is your hearing from Amr bin Dinar? I replied: I have heard much from him. He said: But I have not heard from him except two narrations.
I asked: What are they?
He replied: One is: "Amr narrated to us from Jabir bin Abdullah," but I said: "Amr narrated to us from Jabir bin Zayd, not Jabir bin Abdullah."
I asked: What is the other? He replied: "Amr narrated to us from Ibn al-Hanifiyyah, from Ali: 'Indeed, it is wrong to not give inheritance to the maternal siblings.'" I said: "Amr narrated to us from Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Ali, not from Ibn al-Hanifiyyah."
Sufyan said: "So, he made mistakes in both of them."
[Sualaat al-Bardha'i - Volume 2 - Page 756]
قال أبو زرعة: كان أهل الريّ قد افتتنوا بأبي حنيفة، وكنّا [أحداثا] نجري معهم، ولقد سألت أبا نعيم، عن هذا، وأنا أرى أني في عمل، ولقد كان الحميدي يقرأ كتاب الرد، ويذكر أبا حنيفة، وأنا أهم بالوثوب عليه، حتى من الله علينا، وعرفنا ضلالة القوم.
[سؤالات البرذعي - الجزء ٢ - الصفحة ٧٥٥]
Abu Zar'ah said: The people of Rayy were greatly influenced by Abu Hanifa, and we, being young, would follow along with them. I once asked Abu Nu'aym about this, while I believed I was engaged in good deeds. Indeed, al-Humaydi used to read the book of refutation and mention Abu Hanifa, and I was about to rise up against him (al-Humaydi), until Allah granted us success, and we came to recognize the misguidedness of the people.
[Sualaat al-Bardha'i - Volume 2 - Page 755]
It was due to the book of al-Humaydi refuting Abu Hanifa that Abu Zur'ah left Ahl Raiyy and joined Ahl al-Hadith.
وقال أبو زرعة مرة أخرى: "قال محمد بن مقاتل (٤) لما قدم الري: رأيت أسباب أبي حنيفة، قد ضعفت بالعراق، فلأنصرنه بغاية (١) النصر. فسلط عليه منا ما قد علمت".
[سؤالات البرذعي - الجزء ٢ - الصفحة ٧٥٥]
Abu Zar'ah said again: "Muhammad ibn Muqatil, when he arrived in Rayy, said: 'I saw that the influence of Abu Hanifa had weakened in Iraq, so I decided to support him with all my strength. Therefore, I supported him with the knowledge I had.'"
[Sualaat al-Bardha'i - Volume 2 - Page 755-756]
Muhammad ibn Muqatil was a proponent of Raiyy and he lived in Rayy. He saw that the influence of Abu Hanifa's madhab was weakened there, so he decided to strengthen its position again by doing everything he could to reach that.
Ja'far al-Sadiq is the grandson of Ali ibn Abi Talib. He warned Abu Hanifa about using the bad form of Qiyas, as Shaytan was the first one to practise it.
As for the good form of Qiyas, this is acceptable among the Salaf Saliheen. It is something even the Sahaba and the Tabi'een practised whenever they could not find an authentic narration answering a specific issue.
وحدثنا محمد بن علي بن حبيش ، حدثنا أحمد بن زنجويه ، حدثنا هشام بن عمار ، حدثنا محمد بن عبد الله القرشي بمصر ، ثنا عبد الله بن شبرمة ، قال : دخلت أنا وأبو حنيفة على جعفر بن محمد ...
ثم أقبل على أبي حنيفة فقال : يا نعمان حدثني أبي عن جدي أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : " أول من قاس أمر الدين برأيه إبليس ، قال الله تعالى له : اسجد لآدم فقال : ( أنا خير منه خلقتني من نار وخلقته من طين ) . فمن قاس الدين برأيه قرنه الله تعالى يوم القيامة بإبليس ؛ لأنه اتبعه بالقياس " .
زاد ابن شبرمة في حديثه : ثم قال جعفر : أيهما أعظم قتل النفس أو الزنا ؟ قال :قتل النفس ، قال : فإن الله عز وجل قبل في قتل النفس شاهدين ولم يقبل في الزنا إلا أربعة ، ثم قال : أيهما أعظم الصلاة أم الصوم ؟ قال : الصلاة ، قال : فما بال الحائض تقضي الصوم ولا تقضي الصلاة ؟ فكيف ويحك يقوم لك قياسك ؟ اتق الله ولا تقس الدين برأيك .
[حلية الأولياء - الجزء ٣ - الصفحة ١٩٧]
Muhammad bin Ali bin Habish narrated to us, Ahmad bin Zanjuyah narrated to us, Hisham bin Ammar narrated to us, Muhammad bin Abdullah al-Qurashi in Egypt narrated to us, Abdullah bin Shibrama said: I entered with Abu Hanifa upon Ja'far bin Muhammad ...
Ja'far (grandson of Ali ibn Abi Talib) turned to Abu Hanifa and said: "O Nu’man (Abu Hanifa), my father (Muhammad ibn Ali) narrated to me from my grandfather (Ali ibn Abi Talib), who said that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'The first to judge the matters of religion by his own opinion was Iblis. When Allah commanded him to prostrate to Adam, he said: 'I am better than him; You created me from fire, and You created him from clay.' So whoever judges matters of religion by his opinion will be associated with Iblis on the Day of Judgment because he followed him with judgment by his opinion.'"
Abdullah bin Shibrama added to his narration: "Then Ja'far said: 'Which is greater, killing a soul or committing adultery?'
He (Abu Hanifa) replied: 'Killing a soul.'
Ja'far said: 'Indeed, Allah Almighty accepted two witnesses in the case of killing a soul, but He accepted four witnesses in the case of adultery.'
Then he asked: 'Which is greater, prayer or fasting?' He (Abu Hanifa) replied: 'Prayer.'
Ja'far said: 'Why then does the menstruating woman make up the fast but not the prayer?
How, then, does your reasoning work? Fear Allah and do not judge matters of religion by your opinion.'"
[Hilyatul Awliyaa - Volume 3 - Page 197]
This is great advice from Ja'far al-Sadiq, and he was certainly truthful. As you can see, Abu Hanifa did not answer Ja'far with reasoning. He answered in accordance with the religion. And this is correct.
So Ja'far was just giving stern advice to Abu Hanifa, so that he would not fall into the traps of Shaytan.
Ja'far was saying that if one were to answer based on reasoning, he would have said that Zina is worse than murder, as Zina requires four witnesses while murder requires two.
And about whether prayer or fasting is greater, such a person who would answer based on reasoning would say that fasting is greater, as the menstruating woman is required to make up her fasting but not her prayers.
Yes, even Imam Shafi'i expressed some criticism towards Abu Hanifa. While he was among the scholars who praised Abu Hanifa and even said "radiyaAllahu 'anhu" about him, he still expressed some criticism about certain issues.
Imam Shafi'i considered Imam Malik to be more than Abu Hanifa, in aspects such as the Quran, Hadith, and the disagreements among the Sahaba. And we agree with him on that, Imam Malik was certainly more knowledgable.
Imam Shafi'i praised many companions from Ahl al-Raiyy, going against the big group of Hanbali scholars who boycotted them.
We should all strive for the truth and leave behind any fanatical approach towards names or ranks of people. Imam Shafi'i did exactly that, he criticized Abu Hanifa for sometimes building on a flawed foundation in Fiqh.
Imam Shafi'i praised Abu Hanifa so much that he included his views in Kitab al-Umm. He even dedigated chapters on Abu Hanifa.
This was Imam Shafi'i's approach: he found a nuanced position and truly understood the perspective from which Abu Hanifa came.
It was never Abu Hanifa's intention to rely on Raiyy most of the time; rather, he did so to assist the people with their questions, as they would else be helpless.
أنا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ، ثنا أَبِي، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الأَعْلَى، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ، يَقُولُ: " قُلْتُ لِمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ يَوْمًا، وَذَكَرَ مَالِكًا وَأَبَا حَنِيفَةَ، فَقَالَ لِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ: مَا كَانَ يَنْبَغِي لِصَاحِبِنَا أَنْ يَسْكُتَ يَعْنِي أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ، وَلا لِصَاحِبِكُمْ أَنْ يُفْتِيَ يُرِيدُ مَالِكًا، قُلْتُ: نَشَدْتُكَ اللَّهَ، أَتَعْلَمُ أَنَّ صَاحِبَنَا يَعْنِي مَالِكًا كَانَ عَالِمًا بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ نَعَمْ ".
قُلْتُ: فَنَشَدْتُكَ اللَّهَ، أَتَعْلَمُ أَنَّ صَاحِبَنَا كَانَ عَالِمًا بِحَدِيثِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ نَعَمْ.
قُلْتُ: وَكَانَ عَالِمًا بِاخْتِلافِ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ.
قُلْتُ: أَكَانَ عَاقِلا؟ قَالَ: لا.
قُلْتُ: فَنَشَدْتُكَ اللَّهَ، أَتَعْلَمُ أَنَّ صَاحِبَكَ يَعْنِي أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ، كَانَ جَاهِلا بِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ.
قُلْتُ: وَكَانَ جَاهِلا بِحَدِيثِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَجَاهِلا بِاخْتِلافِ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ؟ ، قَالَ: نَعَمْ.
قُلْتُ: أَكَانَ عَاقِلا؟ ، قَالَ: نَعَمْ.
قُلْتُ: فَتَجْتَمِعُ فِي صَاحِبِنَا ثَلاثٌ لا تَصْلُحُ الْفُتْيَا إِلا بِهَا، وَيُخِلُّ وَاحِدَةً، وَيُخْطِئُ صَاحِبُكَ ثَلاثًا، وَيَكُونُ فِيهِ وَاحِدَةٌ، فَتَقُولَ: لا يَنْبَغِي لِصَاحِبِكُمْ أَنْ يَتَكَلَّمَ، وَلا لِصَاحِبِنَا أَنْ يَسْكُتَ؟ !
[كتاب آداب الشافعي ومناقبه - ابن أبي حاتم - الصفحة ١٥٤-١٥٥]
Ibn Abi Haatim mentioned:
"One day I said to Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan something, and he mentioned Mālik and Abū Ḥanīfah. So Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan said to me: 'It was not appropriate for our companion (i.e. Abū Ḥanīfah) to remain silent, nor for your companion (i.e. Mālik) to issue fatwas.'
I said: 'I ask you by Allah — do you know that our companion (i.e. Mālik) was knowledgeable of the Book of Allah?'
He said: 'By Allah, yes.'
I said: 'Then I ask you by Allah — do you know that our companion was knowledgeable of the ḥadīth of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)?'
He said: 'By Allah, yes.'
I said: 'And he was knowledgeable of the differences among the companions of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)?'
He said: 'Yes.'
I said: 'Was he intelligent?'
He said: 'No.'
I said: 'Then I ask you by Allah — do you know that your companion (i.e. Abū Ḥanīfah) was ignorant of the Book of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic?'
He said: 'Yes.'
I said: 'And he was ignorant of the ḥadīth of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and ignorant of the differences among the companions of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)?'
He said: 'Yes.'
I said: 'Was he intelligent?'
He said: 'Yes.'
I said: 'So our companion possesses (and superior to Abu Hanifa) three qualities without which issuing fatwa is not valid, but lacks one. Your companion lacks (in comparison to Malik) all three but has one, and you say: "Your companion (Malik) should not speak, and ours (Abu Hanifa) should not remain silent"?!'"
[Kitab Adaab al-Shafi'i wa Manaqibuh - Ibn Abi Haatim - Page 154-155]
Imam Shafi'i was showing Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Shaybani that his logic was not adding up.
Imam Malik is indeed more knowledgable than Abu Hanifa about the Quran, the Hadith, and the differences of opinion among the Sahaba. Abu Hanifa was not on the same level as Malik on those aspects.
Yet Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Shaybani said that Malik should remain silent and not issue any fatwas, whilst Malik was more knowledgable than Abu Hanifa. So how can it be said that Malik should remain silent while he is more qualified to issue fatwas than Abu Hanifa. This is what Imam Shafi'i tried to say.
Imam Shafi'i did not say that Abu Hanifa is not qualified to give fatwas, rather he was making a point to Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Shaybani that his logic was not adding up.
Both Abu Hanifa and Malik are qualified to issue fatwas, but Malik is more qualified, because of his superior knowledge of the Quran, Hadith, and the differences of opinion among the Sahaba.
وقال أيضا: حدثنا أبي، حدثنا هارون بن سعيد الأيلي قال: سمعت الشافعي يقول: ما أعلم أحدا وضع الكتاب أدل على عوار قوله من أبي حنيفة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤١٢]
(Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-‘Atiqi, al-Hasan ibn Ja‘far al-Salmasi, and al-Hasan ibn ‘Ali al-Jawhari narrated to us, saying: ‘Ali ibn ‘Abd al-‘Aziz al-Bardha‘i informed us,) Ibn Abi Haatim also said: My father narrated to us, Harun ibn Sa‘id al-Ayli narrated to us, saying: I heard al-Shafi‘i say: "I do not know of anyone who has used a book in a way that exposes the flaws in his statements more than Abu Hanifa."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 412]
أنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ، ثنا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْمُرَادِيُّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ: «أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ يَضَعُ أَوَّلَ الْمَسْأَلَةِ خَطَأً، ثُمَّ يَقِيسُ الْكِتَابَ كُلَّهُ عَلَيْهَا»
[ص129 - كتاب آداب الشافعي ومناقبه]
Ibn Abi Haatim mentioned:
Rabi' ibn Sulayman al-Muradi narrated to us, he said: I heard al-Shafi'i say: "Abu Hanifah makes a mistake in the foundation of a matter, and then bases a whole book on it."
[Kitab Adaab al-Shafi'i wa Manaqibuh - Ibn Abi Haatim - Page 129]
أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ، قَالَ: ثَنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْحَكَمِ، قَالَ: قَالَ لِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «نَظَرْتُ فِي كُتُبٍ لأَصْحَابِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ، فَإِذَا فِيهَا مِائَةٌ وَثَلاثُونَ وَرَقَةً، فَعَدَدْتُ مِنْهَا ثَمَانِينَ وَرَقَةً، خِلافَ الْكِتَابِ وَالسُّنَّةِ» .
قَالَ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ: لأَنَّ الأَصْلَ كَانَ خَطَأً، فَصَارَتِ الْفُرُوعُ مَاضِيَةً عَلَى الْخَطَأِ
[كتاب آداب الشافعي ومناقبه - ابن أبي حاتم - الصفحة ١٢٩-١٣٠]
Ibn Abi Haatim mentioned:
Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Abd al-Hakam narrated to us, he said: Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i said to me: 'I looked into the books of the companions of Abu Hanifah, and I found there were 130 pages in them. I counted 80 pages of them that contradicted the Book and the Sunnah.'
Abu Muhammad (Ibn Abi Haatim) said: 'Because the foundation was built on a mistake, so the branches became based on that mistake.'"
[Kitab Adaab al-Shafi'i wa Manaqibuh - Ibn Abi Haatim - Page 129-130]
أنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ، قَالَ أَبِي: ثنا هَارُونُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الأَيْلِيُّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ: «ما أَعْلَمُ أَحَدًا وَضَعَ الْكُتُبَ أَدَلَّ عَلَى عَوَارِ قَوْلِهِ مِنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ»
[ص130 - كتاب آداب الشافعي ومناقبه]
Ibn Abi Haatim mentioned:
My father said: Harun ibn Sa'id al-Aylī narrated to us, he said: I heard al-Shafi'i say: 'I do not of know anyone who wrote books which demonstrated his flaw in his statements more than Abu Hanifa.'
[Kitab Adaab al-Shafi'i wa Manaqibuh - Ibn Abi Haatim - Page 130]
أَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ الْوَاسِطِيُّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيَّ، يَقُولُ: «مَا أُشَبِّهُ رَأْيَ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ إِلا بِخَيْطِ سَحَّارَةٍ، تَمُدُّهُ هَكَذَا فَيَجِيءُ أَصْفَرَ، وَتَمُدُّهُ هَكَذَا فَيَجِيءُ أَخْضَرَ»
[ص130 - كتاب آداب الشافعي ومناقبه]
Ibn Abi Haatim mentioned:
Ahmad ibn Sinan al-Wasiti narrated to us, he said: I heard Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi'i say: "I can only compare Abu Hanifah's personal opinion to the thread of a sorcerer. When it is stretched like this, it becomes yellow, and when it is stretched like that, it becomes green.'"
[Kitab Adaab al-Shafi'i wa Manaqibuh - Ibn Abi Haatim - Page 130]
Meaning, Imam Shafi'i does not take the personal opinion of Abu Hanifa too serious. And this is how it should be. One should not strive to follow the personal opinion of another.
أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ، ثنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ: «مَا أُشَبِّهُ أَصْحَابَ الرَّأْيِ إِلا بِخَيْطِ سَحَّارَةٍ، تَمُدُّهُ هَكَذَا فَيَجِيءُ أَصْفَرَ، وَتَمُدُّهُ هَكَذَا فَيَجِيءُ أَخْضَرَ»
[ص130 - كتاب آداب الشافعي ومناقبه]
Ibn Abi Haatim mentioned:
Aḥmad ibn Sinān narrated to us again, he said: I heard al-Shāfiʿī say: 'I can only compare the people of opinion (Aṣḥāb al-Ra’y) to the thread of a sorcerer — you stretch it this way, and it turns yellow; and you stretch it that way, and it turns green.'"
[Kitab Adaab al-Shafi'i wa Manaqibuh - Ibn Abi Haatim - Page 130]
At last, we want to dedicate a section on stances Abu Hanifa was correct on. Not everything he believed was wrong.
أَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ هَارُونَ بْنَ سَعِيدٍ الأَيْلِيَّ، قَالَ: قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: «مَا يُرِيدُ أَصْحَابُنَا إِلا أَنْ يَضَعُوا عَلَى أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ فِي كَثِيرٍ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ، وَإِنَّ مَعْرِفَتَهُمْ لَهُ كَافِيَتُهُمْ»
[ص162 - كتاب آداب الشافعي ومناقبه]
Ibn Abi Haatim mentioned:
My father informed me, he said: I heard Harun ibn Sa'id al-Aylī say: Al-Shafi'i said: 'Our companions desire nothing more than to criticize Abu Hanifah in many of his statements — but their (true) knowledge of him would be sufficient for them.'"
[Kitab Adaab al-Shafi'i wa Manaqibuh - Ibn Abi Haatim - Page 162]
Meaning, if they only knew his true scholarly status, they would have not criticized him so much.
This saying looks like the one of Yahya ibn Ma'een where he said that: "Our companions exaggerate in their criticism of Abu Hanifa and his companions."
Imam Shafi'i is calling towards a more balanced approach to Abu Hanifa. Sure, he made mistakes, but acknowledge his great understanding of Fiqh.
أَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ، ثَنا حَرْمَلَةُ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ، يَقُولُ: " رَأَيْتُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ فِيمَا يَرَي النَّائِمُ وَعَلَيْهِ ثِيَابٌ وَسِخَةٌ، فَقَالَ لِي: مَا لِي وَلَكَ؟ أَيَّ شَيْءٍ تُرِيدُ مِنِّي؟ "
[ص162 - كتاب آداب الشافعي ومناقبه]
Ibn Abi Haatim mentioned:
Ḥarmalah narrated to us: I heard al-Shafi'i say: "I saw Abu Hanifah in a dream, and he was wearing dirty clothes. He said to me: 'What do I have to do with you? What do you want from me?'"
[Kitab Adaab al-Shafi'i wa Manaqibuh - Ibn Abi Haatim - Page 162]
Here Imam Shafi'i is remarking what he saw in his dream, that Abu Hanifa was wearing dirty clothes.
Abu Hanifa's attitude in that dream could mean he was in the defensive, as he was often attacked by many. It could also have other interpretations.
أنا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ: " كَانَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ إِذَا أَخْطَأَ فِي الْمَسْأَلَةِ، قَالَ لَهُ أَصْحَابُهُ: جَرْمَزْتَ "
[ص130 - كتاب آداب الشافعي ومناقبه]
Ibn Abi Haatim mentioned:
Rabi' ibn Sulayman narrated to us, he said: I heard al-Shafi'i say: "When Abu Hanifah made a mistake in a matter, his companions would say to him: 'You have made a mistake.'"
[Kitab Adaab al-Shafi'i wa Manaqibuh - Ibn Abi Haatim - Page 130]
This is how Abu Hanifa taught his students to be. That whenever they caught him making a mistake, they would correct him. This was from the carefulness of Abu Hanifa and his humility.
أنا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ: «كَانَ أَبُو يُوسُفَ قَلاسًا»
[ص131 - كتاب آداب الشافعي ومناقبه]
Ibn Abi Haatim mentioned:
My father narrated to us, he said: Rabi' ibn Sulayman narrated to us, he said: I heard al-Shafi'i say: "Abu Yusuf was like a glass-maker (sharp, precise, refined, and careful)."
[Kitab Adaab al-Shafi'i wa Manaqibuh - Ibn Abi Haatim - Page 131]
٢٢٧ - سَمِعْتُ أَبِيَ يَقُولُ: عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مَهْدِيٍّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «مِنْ حُسْنِ عِلْمِ الرَّجُلِ أَنْ يَنْظُرَ فِي رَأْي أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ»
[كتاب السنة - عبد الله بن أحمد - المجلد ١ - الصفحة ١٨٠]
Abdullah ibn Ahmad mentioned:
I heard my father say, from ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Mahdī, that he said: "Part of a man's good knowledge is to consider the opinion of Abū Ḥanīfah."
[Kitab al-Sunnah - Abdullah ibn Ahmad - Volume 1 - Page 180]
The scholars generally considered the opinion of Abu Hanifa, as they deemed him to have understanding of Fiqh.
أخبرنا علي بن القاسم بن الحسن البصري، حدثنا علي بن إسحاق المادراني قال: سمعت العباس بن محمد يقول: سمعت أبا نعيم يقول: سمعت زفر يقول كنا نختلف إلى أبي حنيفة، ومعنا أبو يوسف، ومحمد بن الحسن، فكنا نكتب عنه، قال زفر فقال يوما أبو حنيفة لأبي يوسف: ويحك يا يعقوب لا تكتب كل ما تسمعه مني، فإني قد أرى الرأي اليوم فأتركه غدا، وأرى الرأي غدا وأتركه بعد غد.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٤٠٢]
Ali bin al-Qasim bin al-Hasan al-Basri informed us, Ali bin Ishaq al-Madarani narrated to us, I heard al-Abbas bin Muhammad say: I heard Abu Nu'aym say: I heard Zafar say: "We used to attend Abu Hanifa's gatherings, and with us were Abu Yusuf and Muhammad bin al-Hasan. We used to write from him.
Zafar said: One day, Abu Hanifa said to Abu Yusuf: 'Woe to you, Ya'qub! Do not write down everything you hear from me, for I may hold an opinion today and abandon it tomorrow, and I may hold an opinion tomorrow and abandon it the day after.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 402]
And this was the cautiousness of Abu Hanifa, as he would know that there will arise conflicting opinions. These would then be written down, and the madhab would not point out which one was the latest opinion.
This happened to Malik and Ahmad as well, as their opinions were written down from their students, and conflicting opinions were shown in their books.
Abu Hanifa tried his best to prevent this from happening whenever he could. Even though one cannot stop this from happening completely.
أخبرنا ابن رزق، أخبرنا ابن سلم، أخبرنا أحمد بن علي الأبار، حدثنا أبو يحيى بن المقرئ قال: سمعت أبي يقول: رأيت رجلا - أحمر كأنه من رجال الشام - سأل أبا حنيفة فقال: رجل لزم غريما له، فحلف له بالطلاق أن يعطيه حقه غدا، إلا أن يحول بينه وبين قضاء الله عز وجل. فلما كان من الغد جلس على الزنا وشرب الخمر؟ قال: لم يحنث، ولم تطلق منه امرأته.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٣]
Ibn Rizq narrated to us, Ibn Sallam narrated to us, Ahmad ibn Ali al-Abar narrated to us, Abu Yahya ibn al-Muqri' said: I heard my father say: I saw a man — red-faced, as if he were from the people of the Levant — ask Abu Hanifa, saying:
A man owes a debt to another and swears by divorce that he will pay him tomorrow, unless something prevents him due to the will of Allah.
The next day, the man sits in a state of fornication and drinks alcohol (preventing him from paying his debt).
Abu Hanifa replied: He has not violated his oath, and his wife is not divorced from him.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 373]
This is an example of Abu Hanifa's intellect and insight in Fiqh. And it shows that Abu Hanifa believes everything happens due to the will of Allah.
حدثنا القاضي أبو جعفر محمد بن أحمد بن محمد بن محمود السمناني - من حفظه - حدثنا أبو محمد الحسن بن أبي عبد الله السمناني، حدثنا الحسين بن رحمة الويمي، حدثنا محمد بن شجاع الثلجي، حدثنا محمد بن سماعة عن أبي يوسف قال: سمعت أبا حنيفة يقول: إذا كلمت القدري فإنما هو حرفان، إما أن يسكت، وإما أن يكفر. يقال له: هل علم الله في سابق علمه أن تكون هذه الأشياء كما هي؟ فإن قال لا، فقد كفر، وإن قال نعم، يقال له: أفأراد أن تكون كما علم، أو أراد أن تكون بخلاف ما علم؟ فإن قال أراد أن تكون كما علم، فقد أقر أنه أراد من المؤمن الإيمان، ومن الكافر الكفر، وإن قال: أراد أن تكون بخلاف ما علم، فقد جعل ربه متمنيا متحسرا، لأن من أراد أن يكون ما علم أنه لا يكون، أو لا يكون ما علم أنه يكون، فإنه متمن متحسر. ومن جعل ربه متمنيا متحسرا فهو كافر.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٣]
Al-Qadi, Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Mahmoud al-Samanani — from memory — narrated to us, Abu Muhammad al-Hasan ibn Abi Abdullah al-Samanani narrated to us, al-Husayn ibn Rahmat al-Waymi narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Shuja' al-Thalji narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Sama'ah narrated to us from Abu Yusuf, who said:
Abu Hanifa said: If you talk to a Qadari, it is only two possibilities: either he will remain silent, or he will disbelieve. He is asked: Did Allah, in His prior knowledge, know that these things would occur as they did? If he says no, then he has disbelieved.
If he says yes, he is asked: Did He will for them to be as He knew, or did He will for them to be contrary to what He knew? If he says He willed them to be as He knew, then he has admitted that He willed the belief of the believer and the disbelief of the disbeliever.
If he says He willed them to be contrary to what He knew, then he has made his Lord a desiring one, grieving — because anyone who wants something that he knows will not happen, or does not want something that he knows will happen, is a desirer who grieves. And anyone who makes his Lord a desiring one, grieving, is a disbeliever.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 373]
أخبرنا علي بن أبي علي البصري، حدثنا أحمد بن محمد بن يعقوب الكاغدي، أخبرنا أبو محمد الحارثي، حدثنا داود بن أبي العوام، حدثنا أبي عن يحيى ابن نصر قال: كان أبو حنيفة يفضل أبا بكر وعمر، ويحب عليا وعثمان، وكان يؤمن بالأقدار، ولا يتكلم في القدر، وكان يمسح على الخفين، وكان من أعلم الناس في زمانه وأتقاهم.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٣]
'Ali ibn Abi 'Ali al-Basri narrated to us, Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kaghdi narrated to us, Abu Muhammad al-Harithi narrated to us, Dawood ibn Abi al-'Awwam narrated to us, from his father, from Yahya ibn Nasr, who said: "Abu Hanifa used to prefer Abu Bakr and 'Umar, and he loved 'Ali and 'Uthman. He believed in destiny, and did not speak about it. He would wipe over the leather socks (khuffayn), and he was one of the most knowledgeable and pious people of his time."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 373]
فأخبرنا محمد بن أحمد بن رزق، حدثنا علي بن أحمد بن محمد القزويني، حدثنا أبو عبد الله محمد بن شيبان الرازي العطار - بالري - قال: سمعت أحمد بن الحسن البزمقي قال: سمعت الحكم بن بشير يقول: سمعت سفيان بن سعيد الثوري والنعمان بن ثابت يقولان: القرآن كلام الله غير مخلوق.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٤]
Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rizq narrated to us, Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Qazwini narrated to us, Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Shayban al-Razi al-Attar in Ray, who said: I heard Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Bazmaqī say: I heard al-Hakam ibn Bashir say: I heard Sufyan ibn Sa'id al-Thawri and al-Nu’man ibn Thabit both say: "The Quran is the speech of Allah, uncreated."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 374]
أخبرنا القاضي أبو جعفر السمناني، حدثنا الحسين بن أبي عبد الله السمناني، حدثنا الحسين بن رحمة الويمي، حدثنا محمد بن شجاع الثلجي، حدثنا محمد بن سماعة عن أبي يوسف قال: ناظرت أبا حنيفة ستة أشهر، حتى قال: من قال: القرآن مخلوق فهو كافر.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٤]
Qadi Abu Ja'far al-Samnani narrated to us, al-Husayn ibn Abi Abdullah al-Samnani narrated to us, al-Husayn ibn Rahmah al-Waymi narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Shuja' al-Thalji narrated to us, Muhammad ibn Sama'ah narrated from Abu Yusuf, who said: "I debated with Abu Hanifa for six months, until he said: 'Whoever says the Quran is created is a kafir.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 374]
أخبرنا الخلال، أخبرنا الحريري أن النخعي حدثهم قال: حدثنا أحمد بن الصلت، حدثنا بشر بن الوليد عن أبي يوسف عن أبي حنيفة قال: من قال القرآن مخلوق فهو مبتدع، فلا يقولن أحد بقوله، ولا يصلين أحد خلفه.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٤]
Al-Khallal narrated to us, al-Hariri narrated to us that al-Nakh'i narrated to them, saying: Ahmad ibn al-Salt narrated to us, and Bishr ibn al-Walid narrated from Abu Yusuf from Abu Hanifa, who said: "Whoever says the Quran is created is an innovator, let no one speak from him, and let no one pray behind him."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 374]
وقال النخعي: حدثنا نجيح بن إبراهيم، حدثني ابن كرامة - وراق أبي بكر ابن أبي شيبة - قال: قدم ابن مبارك على أبي حنيفة. فقال له أبو حنيفة: ما هذا الذي دب فيكم؟ قال له الرجل يقال له جهم، قال: وما يقول؟ قال: يقول القرآن مخلوق، فقال أبو حنيفة: * (كبرت كلمة تخرج من أفواههم إن يقولون إلا كذبا) * [الكهف 5].
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٤]
(Al-Khallal narrated to us, al-Hariri narrated) Al-Nakha'i said: "Nujayh ibn Ibrahim narrated to us, and Ibn Karama—who was a scribe for Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah—said: Ibn Mubarak came to Abu Hanifa. Abu Hanifa said to him: 'What is this that has spread among you?' The man replied: 'There is a person named Jahm.' Abu Hanifa asked: 'What does he say?' The man said: 'He says the Quran is created.' Abu Hanifa then said: 'The word they utter is grave; they say nothing but a lie.' (Quran 18:5)"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 374]
وقال النخعي: حدثنا أبو بكر المروذي قال: سمعت أبا عبد الله أحمد بن حنبل يقول: لم يصح عندنا أن أبا حنيفة كان يقول القرآن مخلوق.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٤]
(Al-Khallal narrated to us, al-Hariri narrated) Al-Nakha'i said: "Abu Bakr al-Marwadhi narrated to us, and I heard Abu Abdullah Ahmad ibn Hanbal say: 'It is not estabilished according to us that Abu Hanifa ever said the Quran is created.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 374]
We believe this is Imam Ahmad's final stance regarding whether Abu Hanifa believed the Quran to be created or not. The narration is authentic.
وقال النخعي: حدثنا محمد بن شاذان الجوهري قال: سمعت أبا سليمان الجوزجاني، ومعلى بن منصور الرازي يقولان: ما تكلم أبو حنيفة ولا أبو يوسف، ولا زفر، ولا محمد، ولا أحد من أصحابهم في القرآن، وإنما تكلم في القرآن بشر المريسي، وابن أبي دؤاد، فهؤلاء شانوا أصحاب أبي حنيفة.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٤]
(Al-Khallal narrated to us, al-Hariri narrated) Al-Nakha'i said: "Muhammad ibn Shadhan al-Jawhari narrated to us, and I heard Abu Sulayman al-Juzajani and Ma'la ibn Mansur al-Razi saying:
'Neither Abu Hanifa, nor Abu Yusuf, nor Zufar, nor Muhammad, nor any of their companions spoke about the Quran. It was only Bishr al-Mirisi and Ibn Abi Duad who spoke about the Quran. These individuals caused harm to the followers of Abu Hanifa.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 374]
[و] قد حكى عن بشر بن الوليد عن أبي يوسف أن أبا حنيفة كان يذم جهما ويعيب قوله.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٢]
It has been reported from Bashir ibn al-Walid, from Abu Yusuf, that Abu Hanifa used to criticize Jahm and disapprove of his views.
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 372]
أخبرنا الخلال، أخبرنا الحريري أن علي بن محمد النخعي حدثهم قال:
حدثنا محمد بن الحسن بن مكرم، حدثنا بشر بن الوليد قال: سمعت أبا يوسف يقول:
قال أبو حنيفة: صنفان من شر الناس بخراسان، الجهمية والمشبهة، وربما قال: والمقاتلية.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٣]
It has been reported from Al-Khallal, from Al-Hariri, that Ali ibn Muhammad al-Nakha’i narrated to them, saying: Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Mukarram narrated to us, from Bishr ibn al-Walid, from Abu Yusuf, who said:
Abu Hanifa said: "Two groups are the worst of people in Khurasan: the Jahmiyyah and the Mushabbihah, and sometimes (instead of Mushabbihah) he would say: the Muqatiliyyah."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 373]
وقال النخعي: حدثنا محمد بن علي بن عفان، حدثنا يحيى بن عبد الحميد ابن عبد الرحمن الحماني عن أبيه، سمعت أبا حنيفة يقول: جهم بن صفوان كافر.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٧٣]
(from Al-Khallal, from Al-Hariri,) Al-Nakha'i said: Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Affan narrated to us, and Yahya ibn Abd al-Hamid ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Hamani narrated from his father, who said: I heard Abu Hanifa say: "Jahm ibn Safwan is a disbeliever."
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 373]
Abu Hanifa: Between Criticism and Praise
After all the criticism Abu Hanifa has faced over his lifetime, due to his different style in issueing Fatwas and holding innovations like Irja and rebelling against the oppressive Muslim ruler, he is still considered to be a Faqih.
His status as a Faqih cannot be denied. He was mentioned by Ibn al-Mundhir in his 'Al-Awsat', in which the opinions of the different Fuqaha are mentioned.
Imam Lalakaee also made clear that Abu Hanifa is from among the Fuqaha of Islam.
Now, after all the criticism, what would be the status of Abu Hanifa?
To us, it is clear that Abu Hanifa was a Muslim, not a Jahmi, but that he had some innovations such as Irja. However, his Irja is not extreme, as he believes that the Fussaq will be held accountable by Allah. He may punish them, or He may forgive them. So Abu Hanifa is not an extreme Murji.
His Irja is more on the verbal side. He believes the same as Ahl Sunnah concerning the consequences of sinning, but as for the concept of Iman, he differs in its meaning. So it is a verbal disagreement.
Abu Hanifa had a different approach than the Salaf Saliheen in answering questions. We believe he wanted the best for people, and to not leave them helpless, even if they asked questions that did not deserve to be answered all the time.
We follow the approach of Imam Shafi'i, who mentioned Abu Hanifa in his book 'Al-Umm' in which he dedicated chapters about him. Imam Shafi'i respected Abu Hanifa, and he did not attack him like most of Ahl al-Hadith did. He had a different approach than them, just like Yahya ibn Ma'een.
حدثنا عبد الرحمن بن يحيى قال حدثنا أحمد بن سعيد قال حدثنا أبو سعيد بن الأعرابي قال حدثنا عياش بن محمد الدوري قال سمعت يحيى بن معين يقول أصحابنا يفرطون في أبي حنيفة وأصحابه فقيل له أكان أبو حنيفة يكذب فقال كان أنبل من ذلك
[جامع بيان العلم وفضله - ابن عبد البر - ج ٢ - الصفحة ١٤٨]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"'Abd al-Rahman ibn Yahya narrated to us, saying: Ahmad ibn Sa‘id narrated to us, saying: Abu Sa‘id ibn al-A‘rabi narrated to us, saying: ‘Ayash ibn Muhammad al-Duri narrated to us, saying:
I heard Yahya ibn Ma'een say: "Our companions have exaggerated in their criticism of Abu Hanifa and his companions."
It was asked, "Did Abu Hanifa lie?"
Yahya replied, "He was far nobler than that."
[Jaami' al-Bayaan wa Fadlihi - Volume 2 - Page 148]
Both Imam Shafi'i and Yahya ibn Ma'een really respected Abu Hanifa and studied his Fiqh, and even taking from it whatever they agreed with. So we would find no fault in anyone who would follow their approach concerning Abu Hanifa.
(أخبرنا الربيع) قال أخبرنا الشافعي قال قال أبو حنيفة رضي الله عنه
[كتاب الأم - الإمام الشافعي - ج ٧ - الصفحة ٣٤٦]
Narrated to us (al-Buwayti): Al-Rabi' ibn Sulayman, who said: Al-Shafi'i said: "Abu Hanifa, radiyAllahu 'anhu, said ..."
[Kitab al-Umm - Volume 7 - Page 346]
قال أبو حنيفة رضي الله تعالى عنه ...
[كتاب الأم - الإمام الشافعي - ج ٧ - الصفحة ٣٥٦]
Imam Shafi'i said:
Abu Hanifa, radiyAllahu 'anhu, said: ...
[Kitab al-Umm - Volume 7 - Page 356]
Is anyone going to rebuke Imam Shafi'i for saying "radiyAllahu 'anhu" regarding Abu Hanifa?
So, there are different approaches to Abu Hanifa, we take the mild approach. As for others who choose to believe that Abu Hanifa was a Jahmi, we disagree. And as for those who hold that Abu Hanifa should be avoided, we disagree.
- Hammad ibn Salamah
- Sharik ibn Abdullah
- Al-Awza'ee
- Sufyan al-Thawri
- Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah
- Imam Malik
- Imam Ahmad
- Harb al-Kirmani
- Imam al-Darimi
May Allah forgive them and be pleased with them for their great works and sincere efforts in seeking the truth.
Abu Hanifa, regardless of his mistakes, was an estabilished Muslim Faqih, and we approach his situation like Yahya ibn Sa'eed al-Qattan did.
نَا عبد الوارث بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ نَا قَاسِمُ بْنُ أَصْبَغَ قَالَ نَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ نَا يحيى ابْن مَعِينٍ قَالَ قَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ أريتم إِنْ عِبْنَا عَلَى أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ شَيْئًا وَأَنْكَرْنَا بَعْضَ قَوْلِهِ أَتُرِيدُونَ أَنْ نَتْرُكَ مَا نَسْتَحْسِنُ من قَوْله الذى يوافقنا عَلَيْهِ
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٣١]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
Abdul-Warith bin Sufyan, from Qasim bin Asbagh, from Ahmad bin Zuhayr bin Harb, from Yahya bin Ma'een, from Yahya bin Sa'eed al-Qattan, who said: "Consider this: if we criticize Abu Hanifa for certain things and object to some of his statements, do you expect us to abandon the opinions of his that we find sound and agree upon?"
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 131]