The Status of Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa (80-150 Hijri), also known as Nu'man ibn Thaabit al Kufi, is perceived to be a big figure in Fiqh, and he is the founder of the Hanafi madhab.
The Hanafi madhab is considered to be the first major madhab in Islamic Jurispudence (Fiqh). So what is the status of Abu Hanifa according to the Salaf Saliheen? Was he an accepted figure?
There have been many debates about the status of Abu Hanifa and whether he was accepted as a Faqih or Imam.
The opinions about Abu Hanifa are divided into two.
- Group 1: They believe that Abu Hanifa was an established Faqih, widely followed, and accepted. He is viewed as an Imam in Fiqh and had great knowledge of it.
- Group 2: They believe that Abu Hanifa is not accepted, rather he is not to be followed or regarded as an Imam in Fiqh. This group critiques and curses Abu Hanifa.
The two groups had many debates about Abu Hanifa in the past. It even caused fights and chaotic events.
Many scholars from the Salaf Saliheen have acknowledged Abu Hanifa as a respected Faqih. However, a group of scholars criticized him, primarily due to his approach in rejecting numerous Ahad (singular) reports and his extensive use of Qiyas (analogical reasoning) and opinion (Raiyy).
Those who Praised Abu Hanifa
There are so many from among the Salaf Saliheen who praised Abu Hanifa for his status in Fiqh, nobility, piousness, and honesty.
Names such as Yahya ibn Ma'een, Yahya ibn Sa'eed al-Qattan, Waki' ibn al-Jarrah, Al-Shafi'i and many others praised Abu Hanifa. Those who have praised him are numerous.
قال أبو عمر الذين رووا عن أبي حنيفة وثقوه وأثنوا عليه أكثر من الذين تكلموا فيه والذين تكلموا فيه من أهل الحديث أكثر ما عابوا عليه الاغراق في الرأي والقياس والارجاء
[جامع بيان العلم وفضله - ابن عبد البر - ج ٢ - الصفحة ١٤٩]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr said:
"Those who narrated from Abu Ḥanīfa, attested to his reliability, and who praised him are more numerous than those who criticized him. Those who criticized him among the scholars of hadith mostly censured him for his excessive reliance on personal reasoning (ra'y), analogy (qiyās), and his irjā."
[Jaami' al-Bayaan wa Fadlihi - Volume 2 - Page 149]
The praise of Abu Hanifa is authentically narrated by many. This has been narrated in books such as "Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa" of Ibn 'Abdul-Barr, in "Tarikh Baghdad", and many other books.
Abu Dawud
حَدثنَا عبد الله بن مُحَمَّد بن عبد المؤمن بْنِ يَحْيَى رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ قَالَ أَنا أَبُو بكر مُحَمَّد بن بكر بن عبد الرازق التَّمَّارُ الْمَعْرُوفُ بِابْنِ دَاسَةَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا دَاوُدَ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ الأَشْعَثِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ السِّجِسْتَانِيَّ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ يَقُولُ رَحِمَ اللَّهُ مَالِكًا كَانَ إِمَامًا رَحِمَ اللَّهُ الشَّافِعِيَّ كَانَ إِمَامًا رَحِمَ اللَّهُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ كَانَ إِمَامًا
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ٣٢]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"From 'Abdullāh ibn Muḥammad ibn 'Abd al-Muʾmin ibn Yaḥyā, may Allah have mercy on him, from Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Bakr ibn 'Abd al-Razzāq al-Tammār, known as Ibn Dāsah, from Abū Dāwūd Sulaymān ibn al-Ashʿath ibn Isḥāq al-Sijistānī, may Allah have mercy on him, say:
“May Allah have mercy on Mālik; he was an imam. May Allah have mercy on al-Shāfiʿī; he was an imam. May Allah have mercy on Abū Ḥanīfah; he was an imam.”"
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 32]
Malik ibn Anas
أخبرنا البرقاني، حدثنا أبو العباس بن حماد لفظا، حدثنا محمد بن أيوب، أخبرنا أحمد بن الصباح قال: سمعت الشافعي - محمد بن إدريس - قال: قيل لمالك بن أنس: هل رأيت أبا حنيفة؟ قال: نعم رأيت رجلا لو كلمك في هذه السارية أن يجعلها ذهبا لقام بحجته.
[تاريخ بغداد - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٣٨]
"Al-Burqani, from Abu al-Abbas Ibn Hamad verbally, from Muhammad ibn Ayyub, from Ahmad ibn al-Sabah who said: I heard al-Shafi'i (Muhammad ibn Idris) say: It was said to Malik ibn Anas: 'Did you ever see Abu Hanifa?' He replied: 'Yes, I saw a man who, if he argued with you about this pillar, he would make it gold through his proofs.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 338]
Al-Shafi'i
نَا الحكم قَالَ نَا يُوسُفُ نَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَفْصِ بْنِ عَمْرُوَيْهِ قَدِمَ عَلَيْنَا حَاجًّا عَلَى بَابِ التَّمَّارِينَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ عَبَّاسَ بْنَ عُزَيْزٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ حَرْمَلَةَ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ كَانَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ وَقَوْلُهُ فِي الْفِقْهِ مُسَلَّمًا لَهُ فِيهِ قَالَ وَسَمِعْتُ حَرْمَلَةَ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ الشَّافِعِيَّ يَقُولُ مَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُفْتَنَ فِي الْمَغَازِي فَهُوَ عِيَالٌ عَلَى مُحَمَّد بن اسحق وَمَنْ أَرَادَ الْفِقْهَ فَهُوَ عِيَالٌ عَلَى أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ
[الانتقاء في فضائل الأئمة الثلاثة الفقهاء - الصفحة ١٣٥-١٣٦]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"Hakam said: Yusuf said: Muhammad ibn Hafs ibn 'Amruwayh came to us as a pilgrim at the gate of the Tamareen. He said: I heard 'Abbas ibn 'Uzayz say: I heard Harmalah say: I heard al-Shafi'i say: Abu Hanifa and his opinion in jurisprudence were accepted and settled for him in it.
He said: And I heard Harmalah say: I heard al-Shafi'i say: Whoever desires the science of battles (maghazi) is dependent on Muhammad ibn Ishaq, and whoever desires jurisprudence (fiqh) is dependent on Abu Hanifa."
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 135-136]
Yahya ibn Ma'een
حدثنا عبد الرحمن بن يحيى قال حدثنا أحمد بن سعيد قال حدثنا أبو سعيد بن الأعرابي قال حدثنا عياش بن محمد الدوري قال سمعت يحيى بن معين يقول أصحابنا يفرطون في أبي حنيفة وأصحابه فقيل له أكان أبو حنيفة يكذب فقال كان أنبل من ذلك
[جامع بيان العلم وفضله - ابن عبد البر - ج ٢ - الصفحة ١٤٨]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"'Abd al-Rahman ibn Yahya narrated to us, saying: Ahmad ibn Sa‘id narrated to us, saying: Abu Sa‘id ibn al-A‘rabi narrated to us, saying: ‘Ayash ibn Muhammad al-Duri narrated to us, saying: I heard Yahya ibn Ma'een say:
"Our companions exaggerate in their criticism of Abu Hanifa and his companions."
It was asked, "Did Abu Hanifa lie?"
Yahya replied, "He was far nobler than that."
[Jaami' al-Bayaan wa Fadlihi - Volume 2 - Page 148]
يحيى بن معين:
وأبو حنيفة لم يكن من أهل الكذب وكان صدوقا ولكن ليس أرى حديثه يجزي
[جامع بيان العلم وفضله - ابن عبد البر - ج ٢ - الصفحة ١٤٨]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"Yahya ibn Ma'een said: 'Abu Ḥanīfa was not among those who lied; he was truthful, but I do not see his hadith as sufficient.'
[Jaami' al-Bayaan wa Fadlihi - Volume 2 - Page 148]
أخبرنا الصيمري، أخبرنا عمر بن إبراهيم، حدّثنا مكرم بن أحمد، حدّثنا أحمد بن عطية قال: سمعت يحيى بن معين يقول: القراءة عندي قراءة حمزة، والفقه فقه أبي حنيفة، على هذا أدركت الناس.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٤٦]
"Al-Simiri narrated to us, saying: Umar ibn Ibrahim informed us, Makram ibn Ahmad narrated to us, Ahmad ibn Atiyyah narrated to us, saying: I heard Yahya ibn Ma'een say: 'The recitation (of the Quran) to me is the recitation of Hamzah, and the jurisprudence is the jurisprudence of Abu Hanifa. This is how I found the people.'"
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 346]
(٩٢) قلت ليحيى بن معين: ترى أن ينظر الرجل في شيء من الرأي؟ فقال: «أي رأي؟» ، قلت: رأي الشافعي وأبي حنيفة، فقال: «ما أرى لمسلم أن ينظر في رأي الشافعي، ينظر في رأي أبي حنيفة أحب إلي من أن ينظر في رأي الشافعي» .
[ص295 - كتاب سؤالات ابن الجنيد]
Ibn al-Junaid narrated:
I asked Yahya ibn Ma'een: Do you think a man should look into some of the opinions? He said: 'From who?' I said: The opinions of Al-Shafi'i and Abu Hanifa. He said: 'I do not think it is appropriate for a Muslim to look into the opinion of Al-Shafi'i; looking into the opinion of Abu Hanifa is preferable to looking into the opinion of Al-Shafi'i.'
[Kitaab Sualaat Ibn Junaid - Page 295]
Yahya was asked whether one could look into the Fiqhi opinions of al-Shafi'i and Abu Hanifa. He replied that one should not look into the opinions of al-Shafi'i over Abu Hanifa. This was his view on who is better.
This raises the question if Abu Hanifa was so hated, then why did Yahya ibn Ma'een prefer the opinion of Abu Hanifa?
It is clear that Yahya ibn Ma'een had a different approach to Abu Hanifa than his companions.
Yahya ibn Sa'eed al-Qattan
نَا عبد الوارث بْنُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ نَا قَاسِمُ بْنُ أَصْبَغَ قَالَ نَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ نَا يحيى ابْن مَعِينٍ قَالَ قَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ أريتم إِنْ عِبْنَا عَلَى أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ شَيْئًا وَأَنْكَرْنَا بَعْضَ قَوْلِهِ أَتُرِيدُونَ أَنْ نَتْرُكَ مَا نَسْتَحْسِنُ من قَوْله الذى يوافقنا عَلَيْهِ
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٣١]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"'Abdul-Warith bin Sufyan narrated to us, Qasim bin Asbagh narrated to us, Ahmad bin Zuhayr bin Harb narrated to us, Yahya bin Ma'een narrated to us, and Yahya bin Sa'eed al-Qattan said: 'Consider this: if we criticize Abu Hanifa for certain things and object to some of his statements, do you expect us to abandon the opinions of his that we find sound and agree upon?'"
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 131]
وَنا عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ قَالَ نَا قَاسِمٌ قَالَ نَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ زُهَيْرِ بْنِ أَبِي خَيْثَمَةَ قَالَ نَا يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَجُلا سَأَلَ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانَ عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ فَمَا تَزَيَّنَ عِنْد من كَانَ عِنْده أَن يذكرهُ بغيرما هُوَ عَلَيْهِ وَقَالَ وَالله إِنَّا اذا استحسنا من قَوْله الشئ أَخَذْنَاهُ
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٣١]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"'Abdul-Warith narrated to us, Qasim narrated to us, and Abu Bakr Ahmad bin Zuhayr bin Abi Khaythama narrated to us. Yahya bin Ma'een narrated to us, saying: I heard a man ask Yahya bin Sa'eed al-Qattan about Abu Hanifa. He said: 'We do not adorn ourselves before anyone who is with us by mentioning him differently than how he is. And by Allah, when we find something in his words that we deem good, we accept it.'"
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 131]
ونا حَكَمُ بْنُ مُنْذِرِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ رَحمَه الله قَالَ يُوسُفُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ يُوسُفَ قَالَ وَنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْبُرْكَانِيُّ قَالَ نَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي خَيْثَمَةَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَجُلا سَأَلَ يَحْيَى بن سعيد الْقطَّان عَن أَبى حنيفَة قَالَ مَا نَتَزَيَّنُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ مَا يَعْلَمُهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فَإِنَّا وَاللَّهِ إِذَا اسْتَحْسَنَّا من قَوْله الشئ أَخَذْنَا بِهِ
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٣١]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"Hakam bin Mundhir bin Said, may Allah have mercy on him, narrated to us, Yusuf bin Ahmad bin Yusuf narrated to us, and Ahmad bin al-Husayn al-Burkani narrated to us. Abu Bakr bin Abu Khaythama narrated to us, saying: I heard Yahya bin Ma'een say: I heard a man ask Yahya bin Sa'eed al-Qattan about Abu Hanifa. He said: 'We do not adorn ourselves before Allah with anything other than what Allah knows. By Allah, when we find something in his words that we deem good, we accept it.'"
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 131]
ونا مُحَمَّد بن على السامرى المقرى قَالَ نَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الرَّمَادِيُّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ مَعِينٍ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ يَقُولُ لَا نَكْذِبُ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجل كم من شئ حسن قَالَه أَبُو حنيفَة وَرُبمَا استحسنا الشئ مِنْ رَأْيِهِ فَأَخَذْنَا بِهِ
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٣٢]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"Muhammad ibn 'Ali al-Samiri al-Muqri said: Ahmad ibn Mansur al-Ramadi said: I heard Yahya ibn Ma'een say: I heard Yahya ibn Sa'eed say: We do not lie about Allah, the Almighty. How many good things Abu Hanifa said, and sometimes we found something good in his opinion and took it. Yahya ibn Ma'een said: And Yahya ibn Sa'eed used to follow the opinion of the Kufans (Hanafi) in issuing fatwas."
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 132]
وَنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ قَالَ نَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ قَالَ نَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَرِيرٍ الطَّبَرِيُّ قَالَ نَا عَبَّاسٌ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ مَعِينٍ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ يَحْيَى بْنَ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانَ يَقُولُ لَا نَكْذِبُ اللَّهَ رُبَّمَا ذَهَبْنَا إِلَى الشئ من قَول أَبى حنيفَة فَقُلْنَا بِهِ
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٣٢]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad said: Ahmad ibn al-Fadl ibn al-Abbas said: Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari said: 'Abbas said: I heard Yahya ibn Ma'een say: I heard Yahya ibn Sa'eed al-Qattan say: We do not lie about Allah. Sometimes we went with something from the words of Abu Hanifa and we followed it."
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 132]
٢٥٣٠ - سَمِعت يحيى يَقُول قَالَ يحيى بن سعيد الْقطَّان لَا نكذب الله رُبمَا رَأينَا الشَّيْء من رأى أبي حنيفَة فاستحسناه فَقُلْنَا بِهِ
[تاريخ يحيى بن معين برواية الدوري - الجزء ٣ - صفحة ٥١٧]
Al-Duri said: I heard Yahya say: Yahya ibn Sa'eed al-Qattan said, "We do not lie to Allah. Sometimes we would see something from the opinion of Abu Hanifa, find it good, and adopt it."
[Tarikh Yahya ibn Ma'een bi Riwayat al-Duri - Volume 3 - Page 517]
سمعتُ ابْن حماد، حَدَّثَنا أَحْمَد بْن مَنْصُور الرمادي سَمِعت يَحْيى بن مَعِين يقول: سَمعتُ يَحْيى بْن سَعِيد القطان لا نكذب اللَّه ربما سمعنا الشيء من رأي أبي حنيفة فاستحسناه فأخذنا بِهِ.
قال يَحْيى بْن مَعِين وكان يَحْيى بْن سَعِيد يذهب فِي الفتوى إِلَى مذهب الكوفيين.
[الكامل في ضعفاء الرجال نویسنده : ابن عدي جلد : 8 صفحه : 240]
Ibn 'Adiy mentioned:
"I heard Ibn Hamad, Ahmad ibn Mansur al-Ramadi narrated to us, I heard Yahya ibn Ma'een say: I heard Yahya ibn Sa'eed al-Qattan say, 'We do not lie about Allah. Sometimes we heard something from the opinion of Abu Hanifa, and we found it agreeable, so we followed it.'
Yahya ibn Ma'een added: 'Yahya ibn Sa'eed would follow the opinion of the Kufans in issuing fatwas.'"
[Al-Kaamil - Volume 8 - Page 240]
Waki'
نا حكم بن منذر بن سعيد قال نا يوسف بن أحمد بمكة قال نا أبو سعيد بن الاعرابى قال نا عباس الدوري قال سمعت يحيى بن معين يقول ما رأيت مثل وكيع وكان يفتى برأي أبى حنيفة
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٣٦]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"Hakam ibn Mundhir ibn Sa'eed reported to us, saying: Yusuf ibn Ahmad narrated to us in Mecca, saying: Abu Sa'eed ibn Al-A'rabi narrated to us, saying: 'Abbas Al-Duri narrated to us, saying: I heard Yahya ibn Ma'een say:
'I have not seen anyone like Waki', and he used to give fatwa based on the opinion of Abu Hanifa.'"
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 136]
وذكر محمد بن الحسين الأزدي الحافظ الموصلي في الأخبار التي في آخر كتابه في الضعفاء قال يحيى بن معين ما رأيت أحدا أقدمه على وكيع وكان يفنى برأي أبي حنيفة وكان يحفظ حديثه كله وكان قد سمع من أبي حنيفة حديثا كثيرا
[جامع بيان العلم وفضله - ابن عبد البر - ج ٢ - الصفحة ١٤٩]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn al-Azdī, the ḥāfidh of Mosul, mentioned in the reports at the end of his book about al-Du'afaa: Yahya ibn Ma‘īn said, 'I have not seen anyone I rank above Waki'. He was devoted to the opinions of Abu Ḥanīfa, memorized all of his hadiths, and had heard many hadiths from Abu Ḥanīfa.'"
[Jaami' al-Bayaan wa Fadlihi - Volume 2 - Page 149]
Ibn al-Mubarak
نا أبو الموجة قال نا عبد الله ابن عثمان قال سمعت عبد الله بن المبارك يقول كان أبو حنيفة قديما أدرك الشعبي والنخعي وغيرهما من الأكابر وكان بصيرا بالرأي يسلم له فيه ولكنه كان تهيما في الحديث
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٣٢]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"Abu al-Mujat narrated to us, saying: 'Abdullah ibn Othman said: I heard 'Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak say: Abu Hanifa, in the early days, met with al-Shabi‘, al-Nakha‘i, and other great scholars. He had a strong and estabilished opinion (in Fiqh), but he diverted in Hadith."
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 132]
قال أبو يعقوب وأنا محمد بن أحمد بن يعقوب اجازه قال نا جدى قال نا محمد بن مسلم قال سمعت إسماعيل ابن داود يقول كان ابن المبارك يذكر عن أبي حنيفة كل خير ويزكيه ويقرضه ويثنى عليه وكان أبو الحسن الفزازى يكره أبا حنيفة وكانوا إذا اجتمعوا لم يجترىء أبو إسحاق ان يذكر أبا حنيفة بحضرة ابن المبارك بشئ
[الانتقاء في فضائل الأئمة الثلاثة الفقهاء - الصفحة ١٣٢-١٣٣]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
Abu Ya'qub said, from Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Ya'qub, from my grandfather, from Muhammad bin Muslim narrated to us, saying: I heard Isma'il bin Dawood say: Ibn al-Mubarak used to mention all good about Abu Hanifah, praising him, commending him, and speaking highly of him. However, Abu al-Hasan al-Fazzazi disliked Abu Hanifah. When they gathered, Abu Ishaq would not dare to mention anything about Abu Hanifah in the presence of Ibn al-Mubarak.
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 132-133]
قال ونا أبو عبد الله محمد بن حرام الفقيه قال نا قاسم ابن عباد قال نا أحمد بن محمد السراج قال نا عبدان قال سمعت عبد الله ابن المبارك وقد طعن رجل في مجلسه في أبي حنيفة فقال له اسكت والله لو رأيت أبا حنيفة لرأيت عقلا ونبلا
[الانتقاء في فضائل الأئمة الثلاثة الفقهاء - الصفحة ١٣٣]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Haram al-Faqih, from Qasim bin Abad, from Ahmad bin Muhammad al-Siraj, from 'Abdān narrated to us: I heard Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak, and a man criticized Abu Hanifah in his gathering, so he said to him: "Be quiet, by Allah, if you had seen Abu Hanifah, you would have seen wisdom and nobility."
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 133]
قال ونا القاسم بن عباد قال نا أبو سليمان الجوزجاني قال سمعت عبد الله بن المبارك يقول ما رأيت أحدا أتقى لله من سفيان الثوري ولا رأيت أحدا أعقل من أبي حنيفة
[الانتقاء في فضائل الأئمة الثلاثة الفقهاء - الصفحة ١٣٣]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
Qasim bin 'Abad, from Abu Suleiman al-Jawzajani who narrated to us: I heard Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak say: "I have not seen anyone with more Taqwa than Sufyan al-Thawri, nor have I seen anyone more intelligent than Abu Hanifah."
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 133]
وقال أبو يعقوب ونا محمد ابن محمد أبو العباس ابن سابور قال نا علي بن عبد العزيز قال نا الحسن ابن الربيع قال سمعت عبد الله بن المبارك يقول (رأيت أبا حنيفة كل يوم * يزيد نباهة ويزيد خيرا) (وينطق بالصواب ويصطفيه * إذا ما قال أهل الجور جورا) (يقايس من يقايسه بلب * ومن ذا تجعلون له نظيرا) (كفانا فقد حماد وكانت * مصيبتنا به أمرا كبيرا) (رأيت أبا حنيفة حين يؤتى * ويطلب علمه بحرا غزيرا) (إذا ما المشكلات تدافعتها * رجال العلم كان بها بصيرا)
[الانتقاء في فضائل الأئمة الثلاثة الفقهاء - الصفحة ١٣٣]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
Abu Ya'qub said: Muhammad bin Muhammad Abu al-Abbas bin Sabor narrated to us: Ali bin Abdul Aziz narrated to us: Hassan bin Rabi' narrated to us: I heard Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak say:
"I saw Abu Hanifah every day * increasing in stature and goodness and speaking the truth, choosing it * when the people of injustice speak injustice he compares those who compare him with intelligence * who do you consider a peer to him? We have enough in Hamad, for his loss was * a great calamity for us I saw Abu Hanifah when he was approached * and his knowledge was sought like an abundant sea When complex issues arose * the scholars were insightful with it."
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 133]
وذكر الوليد بن شجاع أن علي بن الحسن بن شقيق حدثه قال كان عبد الله بن المبارك يقول إذا اجتمع هذان على شئ فذلك قولي يعنى الثوري وأبا حنيفة
[المنتخب من ذيل المذيل - الطبري - الصفحة ١٣٨]
Al-Tabari mentioned:
"Walid bin Shuja' mentioned that 'Ali bin al-Hasan bin Shaqiq narrated to him, saying: 'Abdullah bin al-Mubarak used to say: 'If these two agree on something, then that is my opinion,' meaning Al-Thawri and Abu Hanifa."
[Al-Muntakhib min Dhayl al-Mudhayl - Al-Tabari - Page 138]
وأخبرني محمد بن أحمد بن يعقوب، أخبرنا محمد بن نعيم الضبي، حدثنا أبو سعيد محمد بن الفضل المذكر، حدثنا أبو عبد الله محمد محمد بن سعيد المروزي، حدثنا أبو حمزة - يعني ابن حمزة - قال: سمعت أبا وهب محمد بن مزاحم يقول: سمعت عبد الله بن المبارك يقول: رأيت أعبد الناس، ورأيت أورع الناس، ورأيت أعلم الناس، ورأيت أفقه الناس، فأما أعبد الناس فعبد العزيز بن أبي رواد، وأما أورع الناس فالفضيل بن عياض، وأما أعلم الناس فسفيان الثوري، وأما أفقه الناس فأبو حنيفة، ثم قال: ما رأيت في الفقه مثله.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٤٢]
Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Ya'qub informed me, Muhammad ibn Na’im al-Dhabi informed us, Abu Sa’id Muhammad ibn al-Fadl al-Mudhakkir narrated to us, Abu 'Abdullah Muhammad ibn Sa’id al-Marwazi narrated to us, Abu Hamza – meaning Ibn Hamza – said: I heard Abu Wahb Muhammad ibn Muzahim say:
I heard 'Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak say: “I have seen the most devout of people, the most pious of people, the most knowledgeable of people, and the most skilled in jurisprudence among people. As for the most devout, it was 'Abd al-Aziz ibn Abi Rawad. As for the most pious, it was al-Fudayl ibn 'Iyad. As for the most knowledgeable, it was Sufyan al-Thawri. And as for the most skilled in jurisprudence, it was Abu Hanifa.” Then he added, “I have not seen anyone like him in jurisprudence.”
[Tarikh Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 342]
Sufyan al-Thawri
وَذَكَرَ الدُّولابِيُّ نَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَمَّادِ بْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ الْهَاشِمِيُّ قَالَ نَا على بن الْحسن بن على بن شَقِيق أَبُو الْحسن المروزى قَالَ سَمِعت أَبَا بكر يذكر عَنِ ابْنِ الْمُبَارَكِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيَّ يَقُولُ كَانَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ شَدِيدَ الأَخْذِ لِلْعِلْمِ ذَابًّا عَنْ حَرَمِ اللَّهِ أَنْ تُسْتَحَلَّ يَأْخُذُ بِمَا صَحَّ عِنْدَهُ مِنَ الأَحَادِيثِ الَّتِي كَانَ يَحْمِلُهَا الثِّقَاتُ وَبِالآخَرِ مِنْ فِعْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عَلَيْهِ وَسلم وَبِمَا أَدْرَكَ عَلَيْهِ عُلَمَاءَ الْكُوفَةِ ثُمَّ شَنَّعَ عَلَيْهِ قَوْمٌ يَغْفِرُ الله لنا وَلَهُم
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٤٢]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
Al-Dulabi mentioned: Narrated to us by Muhammad ibn Hammad ibn al-Mubarak al-Hashimi, who said: Narrated to us by 'Ali ibn al-Hasan ibn 'Ali ibn Shaqiq, Abu al-Hasan al-Marwazi, who said: I heard Abu Bakr narrate from Ibn al-Mubarak, who said: I heard Sufyan al-Thawri say:
"Abu Hanifa was deeply committed to acquiring knowledge, staunchly defending the sanctity of Allah's prohibitions from being violated. He adhered to what was authentic to him from the narrations carried by trustworthy individuals, to the actions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and to what he observed as the practice of the scholars of Kufa. Then, a group of people criticized him—may Allah forgive us and them."
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 142]
قال سفيان الثوري: ما سألت أبا حنيفة عن شئ، ولقد كان يلقاني ويسألني عن [أشياء - 2]. فهذا بين واضح إذ كان صورة الثوري عنده هذه الصورة ان يفزع إليه في السؤال عما يشكل عليه (3 د) انه قد رضيه اماما لنفسه ولغيره
[الجرح والتعديل - الرازي - ج ١ - الصفحة ٣]
Sufyan al-Thawri said: "I never asked Abu Hanifa about anything without him also meeting me and asking me about [matters]."
Ibn Abi Haatim said: This is a clear indication. Since Sufyan al-Thawri would turn to him in cases of doubt, this demonstrates that he regarded Abu Hanifa as an imam (leader) for himself and for others.
[al-Jarh wal-Ta'deel - Ibn Abi Haatim - Volume 1 - Page 3]
Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah
قَالَ وَأنا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْفَارِضُ قَالَ نَا مُحَمَّد بن اسمعيل قَالَ نَا سُوَيْدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الأَنْبَارِيُّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ بْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ يَقُولُ أَوَّلُ مَنْ أَقْعَدَنِي لِلْحَدِيثِ بِالْكُوفَةِ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ أَقْعَدَنِي فِي الْجَامِعِ وَقَالَ هَذَا أَقْعَدَ النَّاسَ بِحَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ فَحَدَّثْتُهُمْ
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٢٨]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"Abu Ya'qub said: Abu al-‘Abbas al-Fareed, was informed by Muhammad ibn Ismail, who narrated to us from Suwayd ibn Sa'eed al-Anbari, who said: 'I heard Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah say: The first person who made me sit for narrating hadith in Kufa was Abu Hanifa. He made me sit in the mosque and said: "This is the one who has made people sit to narrate the hadith of 'Amr ibn Dinar." And I narrated to them.'"
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 128]
قَالَ وَحَدَّثَنِي أَبُو عَلِيٍّ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ الاصبهانى قَالَ نَا أَبُو عبد الرحمن عبد الله بن مُحَمَّد الضبى قَالَ سَمِعت على بن المدينى يَقُول سَمِعت سُفْيَان ابْن عُيَيْنَةَ يَقُولُ كَانَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ لَهُ مُرُوءَةٌ وَكَثْرَة صَلَاة
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٣٠]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"And Abu 'Ali Ahmad ibn Uthman al-Isfahani narrated to me, saying: Abu 'Abd al-Rahman 'Abdullah ibn Muhammad al-Dhubi narrated to us, saying: I heard 'Ali ibn al-Madini say: I heard Sufyan ibn 'Uyaynah say: '"Abu Hanifah had honor and a great deal of prayer like that of Sa'id bin Abi 'Aroba, may Allah be pleased with him.'"
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 130]
Hammad ibn Zayd
قَالَ وَنا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الْخَضِرِ الأَسْيُوطِيُّ قَالَ نَا أَبُو بِشْرٍ الدُّولابِيُّ قَالَ نَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدَانَ قَالَ نَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ حَمَّادَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ يَقُولُ وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لأُحِبُّ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ لِحُبِّهِ لأَيُّوبَ وَرَوَى حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ أَحَادِيثَ كَثِيرَةً
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٣٠]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"Hassan ibn al-Khadiri al-Asyuti narrated to us, saying: Abu Bishr al-Dulabi narrated to us, saying: Muhammad ibn Sa'dan narrated to us, saying: Sulaiman ibn Harb narrated to us, saying: I heard Hammad ibn Zayd say: 'By Allah, I love Abu Hanifa for his love for Ayyub.' And Hammad ibn Zayd narrated many hadiths from Abu Hanifa."
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 130]
Al-A'mash
قَالَ ابو يَعْقُوب نَا عمر بن احْمَد بن عنزة الْمَوْصِلِيُّ قَالَ نَا أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ أَبِي الْمُثَنَّى قَالَ سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عُبَيْدٍ الطَّنَافِسِيَّ يَقُولُ خَرَجَ الأَعْمَشُ يُرِيدُ الْحَجَّ فَلَمَّا صَارَ بِالْحِيرَةِ قَالَ لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ مُسْهِرٍ اذْهَبْ إِلَى أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ حَتَّى يَكْتُبَ لَنَا الْمَنَاسِكَ
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٢٦]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"Abu Ya'qub said: 'Umar ibn Ahmad ibn 'Unzah Al-Mawsili narrated to us, saying: Abu Ja'far ibn Abi Al-Muthanna narrated to us, saying: I heard Muhammad ibn 'Ubayd Al-Tanafisi say: 'Al-A'mash set out intending to perform Hajj, and when he reached Al-Hirah, he said to 'Ali ibn Mushir: "Go to Abu Hanifa so that he may write down the rites of Hajj for us."'
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 126]
قَالَ وَحَدَّثَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْبَزَّارُ قَالَ نَا مُحَمَّد بن عبيد بن عنام قَالَ نَا مُحَمَّد بن عبد الله بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ الاعمش يَقُول وَسُئِلَ عَن مسئلة فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا يُحْسِنُ الْجَوَابَ فِي هَذَا وَمِثْلُهُ النُّعْمَانُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ الْخَزَّازُ أَرَاهُ بُورِكَ لَهُ فِي عِلْمِهِ
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٢٦]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"Al-'Abbas ibn Muhammad Al-Bazzar narrated to us, saying: Muhammad ibn 'Ubayd ibn 'Inam narrated to us, saying: Muhammad ibn 'Abdullah ibn Numayr narrated to us, saying: I heard my father say: "I heard Al-A'mash being asked about a matter, and he said: 'The one who can answer this well, and matters like it, is Nu'man ibn Thabit Al-Khazzaz (Abu Hanifa). I believe he has been blessed in his knowledge.'"
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 126]
حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمد بن عبيدة، حَدَّثَنا المزني إسماعيل بن يَحْيى، حَدَّثَنا علي بْن معبد عن عُبَيد اللَّه بْن عَمْرو الجزري، قَال: قَال الأَعْمَش يَا نعمان يعني أَبَا حنيفة ما تقول فِي كذا قَالَ كذا قَال: مَا تقول فِي كذا قَالَ كذا قَالَ من أين قلت قَالَ أنت حدثتني عن فلان عَنْهُ فَقَالَ الأَعْمَش يَا مَعْشَر الفقهاء أنتم الأطباء ونحن الصيادلة.
[الكامل في ضعفاء الرجال نویسنده : ابن عدي جلد : 8 صفحه : 238]
Ibn 'Adiy mentioned:
Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ubaidah narrated to us, saying: Al-Muzani Isma'il ibn Yahya narrated to us, saying: Ali ibn Ma'bad narrated to us from Ubaidullah ibn Amr al-Jazari, who said:
Al-A'mash said, "O Nu'man," meaning Abu Hanifa, "What do you say about such-and-such?" He replied, "Such-and-such." Then he asked, "And what do you say about such-and-such?" Abu Hanifa replied, "Such-and-such."
Al-A'mash asked, "Where did you get this from?" Abu Hanifa responded, "You narrated it to me from so-and-so, from him."
Al-A'mash then said, "O assembly of jurists, you are the doctors, and we are the pharmacists."
[Al-Kaamil - Ibn Adiy - Volume 8 - Page 238]
أخبرني خلف بن قاسم قال حدثنا محمد بن القاسم بن شعبان قال حدثنا إبراهيم بن عثمان بن سعيد قال حدثنا علان بن المغيرة قال حدثنا علي بن المغيرة قال حدثنا علي بن معبد بن شداد قال حدثنا عبيد الله بن عمرو قال كنت في مجلس الأعمش فجاءه رجل فسأله عن مسئلة فلم يجبه فيها ونظر فإذا أبو حنيفة فقال يا نعمان قل فيها قال القول فيها كذا قال من أين قال من حيث حدثتناه قال فقال الأعمش نحن الصيادلة وأنتم الأطباء
[جامع بيان العلم وفضله - ابن عبد البر - ج ٢ - الصفحة ١٣١]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"Khalaf ibn Qasim informed me, he said: Muhammad ibn al-Qasim ibn Sha'ban informed us, he said: Ibrahim ibn Osman ibn Said informed us, he said: Allan ibn al-Mughira informed us, he said: 'Ali ibn al-Mughira informed us, he said: 'Ali ibn Ma'bad ibn Shaddad informed us, he said: 'Ubaydullah ibn 'Amr informed us, he said: I was in a gathering of al-A'mash when a man came to him and asked him about a matter, but he did not answer him. He looked and saw Abu Hanifa, so he said: 'O Nu'man, tell him the answer.' Abu Hanifa replied: 'The answer is such and such.' Al-A'mash asked: 'Where did you get that from?' Abu Hanifa replied: 'From what you narrated to us.' Then al-A'mash said: 'We are the pharmacists, and you are the doctors.'"
[Jaami' al-Bayaan wa Fadlihi - Volume 2 - Page 131]
The pharmacists provides medicine, and the doctor has insight. Same with the narrators providing narrations and Fuqaha having insight into it.
Mis'ar ibn Kidam
قَالَ أَبُو يَعْقُوبَ نَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بن عبد الله المقرى قَالَ نَا مُحَمَّد بن اسحاق سِبَوَيْهِ قَالَ نَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى قَالَ سَمِعْتُ مِسْعَرَ بْنَ كِدَامٍ يَقُولُ رَحِمَ اللَّهُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ إِنْ كَانَ لَفَقِيهًا عَالِمًا
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٢٥]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"Abu Ya'qub said: Abu Muhammad 'Abdul Rahman ibn 'Abdullah Al-Muqri narrated to us, saying: Muhammad ibn Ishaq Sibawayh narrated to us, saying: 'Ubaydullah ibn Musa narrated to us, saying: I heard Mis'ar ibn Kidam say: 'May Allah have mercy on Abu Hanifa; indeed, he was a jurist and a scholar.'"
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 125]
Ayyub al-Sakhtiyani
نَا أَبُو حَفْصٍ عُمَرُ بْنُ شُجَاعٍ الْحُلْوَانِيُّ قَالَ نَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ قَالَ نَا عازم قَالَ سَمِعْتُ حَمَّادَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ يَقُولُ أَرَدْتُ الْحَجَّ فَأَتَيْتُ أَيُّوبَ أُوَدِّعُهُ فَقَالَ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ فَقِيه أهل الْكُوفَة أَبَا حنيفَة يريدالحج فَإِذَا لَقِيتَهُ فَأَقْرِئْهُ مِنِّي السَّلامَ
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٢٥]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"Abu Hafs Umar ibn Shuja’ Al-Hulwani narrated to us, saying: 'Ali ibn 'Abdul-'Aziz narrated to us, saying: 'Azim narrated to us, saying: I heard Hammad ibn Zayd say: 'I intended to perform Hajj, so I went to bid farewell to Ayyub. He said to me: I have heard that the Faqih of Kufa, Abu Hanifa, also intends to perform Hajj. If you meet him, convey my greetings of peace to him.'"
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 125]
Shu'bah
قَالَ أَبُو يَعْقُوب حَدثنَا أَبُو مَرْوَان عبد الملك بن الْحر الْجلاب وَأَبُو الْعَبَّاس مُحَمَّد بن الْحسن الْفَارِضُ قَالَ نَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الصَّائِغُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ شَبَابَةَ بْنَ سَوَّارٍ يَقُولُ كَانَ شُعْبَةُ حَسَن الرَّأْيِ فِي أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ وَكَانَ يَسْتَنْشِدُنِي أَبْيَاتَ مُسَاوِرِ الْوَرَّاقِ
(إِذَا مَا النَّاسُ يَوْمًا قَايَسُونَا ... بِآبِدَةٍ مِنَ الْفُتْيَا طَرِيفَةْ)
(رَمَيْنَاهُمْ بِمِقْيَاسٍ مُصِيبٍ ... صَلِيبٍ مِنْ طَرَازِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةْ)
(إِذَا سَمِعَ الْفَقِيهُ بِهِ وَعَاهُ ... وَأَثْبَتَهُ بِحِبْرٍ فى صحيفه)
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٢٦]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"Abu Ya'qub said: Abu Marwan 'Abdul Malik ibn Al-Hurr Al-Jallab and Abu Al-Abbas Muhammad ibn Al-Hasan Al-Farid narrated to us, saying: Muhammad ibn Isma'il Al-Sa’igh narrated to us, saying: I heard Shababah ibn Sawwar say: 'Shu'bah had a favorable opinion of Abu Hanifa, and he would ask me to recite the verses of Musawir Al-Warraq (a poet from Kufa):
(If people one day compare us with rare and innovative legal rulings, we strike them with a precise standard of accuracy, from the refined methodology of Abu Hanifa. When the jurist hears of it, he absorbs it, and records it with ink in his scrolls.)"
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 126]
ثنا ابن حماد قال وحدثني أبو بكر الأعين حدثني يعقوب بن شيبة عن الحسن الحلواني سمعت شبابة يقول كان شعبة حسن الرأي في أبي حنيفة فكان يستنشد في هذه الأبيات قول مساور يقول لي كيف قال فقلت قال إذا ما الناس يوما قايسونا * بآبدة من الفتوى طريفة أتيناهم بمقياس صليب * مصيب من طراز أبي حنيفة إذا سمع الفقيه بها وعاها * وأثبتها بحبر في صحيفة قال الشيخ: وأبو بكر الأعين شيخ بغدادي مصري
[الكامل - عبد الله بن عدي - ج ٧ - الصفحة ٩]
Ibn 'Adiy mentioned:
Ibn Hamad narrated, and Abu Bakr al-Ayn told me, who narrated from Ya'qub ibn Shaybah from al-Hasan al-Halwani,
Shabbabah said: Shu'bah had a favorable opinion of Abu Hanifa, and he would ask me to recite the verses of Musawir Al-Warraq (a poet from Kufa):
(If people one day compare us with rare and innovative legal rulings, we strike them with a precise standard of accuracy, from the refined methodology of Abu Hanifa. When the jurist hears of it, he absorbs it, and records it with ink in his scrolls.)"
[Al-Kaamil - Volume 7 - Page 9]
قَالَ وَحدثنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْحَلَبِيُّ قَالَ نَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ سَيْفٍ قَالَ نَا عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بْنُ عبد الوارث قَالَ كُنَّا عِنْدَ شُعْبَةَ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ فَقِيلَ لَهُ مَاتَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ فَقَالَ شُعْبَةُ لَقَدْ ذَهَبَ مَعَهُ فِقْهُ الْكُوفَةِ تَفَضَّلَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلِيهِ بِرَحْمَتِهِ
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٢٦]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"Ishaq ibn Ahmad Al-Halabi, from Sulayman ibn Sayf, from 'Abdul-Samad ibn 'Abdul-Warith narrated to us, saying: 'We were with Shu'bah ibn Al-Hajjaj, and someone informed him that Abu Hanifa had passed away. Shu'bah said: "With him has gone the jurisprudence of Kufa. May Allah have mercy on us and on him."'"
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 126]
قَالَ وَنا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْحَافِظُ قَالَ نَا عبد الله بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الدَّوْرَقِيُّ قَالَ سُئِلَ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ وَأَنَا أَسْمَعُ عَنْ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ فَقَالَ ثِقَةٌ مَا سَمِعْتُ أَحَدًا ضَعَّفَهُ هَذَا شُعْبَةُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ يَكْتُبُ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ يحدث ويأمره وَشعْبَة شُعْبَة
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٢٧]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"Ahmad ibn Al-Hasan Al-Hafiz narrated to us, saying: 'Abdullah ibn Ahmad ibn Ibrahim Al-Dawraqi narrated to us, saying: Yahya ibn Ma'een was asked—while I was listening—about Abu Hanifa, and he said: 'He is reliable (thiqa). I have not heard anyone discredit him. This is Shu'bah ibn Al-Hajjaj writing to him, asking him to narrate and instruct. And Shu'bah is Shu'bah.'"
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 127]
Sharik Al-Nakha'i
نَا أَبُو الشَّرِيك مُحَمَّد بن الْحسن الأَطْرَابُلُسِيُّ قَالَ نَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَوْفٍ الْحِمْصِيُّ قَالَ نَا الْهَيْثَمُ بْنُ جَمِيلٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ شَرِيكًا النَّخَعِيَّ يَقُولُ كَانَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ رَحِمَهُ الله طَوِيل الصمت دَائِم الْفِكر قَلِيل المجادلة لِلنَّاسِ
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٣١]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"Abu Sharīk Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Atrabulusi narrated to us, saying: Muhammad ibn 'Awf al-Himsi narrated to us, saying: Al-Haytham ibn Jamil narrated to us, saying: I heard Sharik al-Nakha'i say: 'Abu Hanifa, may Allah have mercy on him, was long in silence, always engaged in deep thought, and rarely argued with people.'"
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 131]
Ibn Jurayj
وَنا حَكَمُ بْنُ مُنْذِرٍ قَالَ نَا أَبُو يَعْقُوبَ يُوسُفُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الصَّيْدَلانِيُّ بِمَكَّةَ نَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّد بن الْحسن الْفَارِضُ قَالَ نَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الصَّائِغُ قَالَ نَا رَوْحُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ قَالَ كُنْتُ عِنْد ابْن جريج سنة خمس وَمِائَةٍ فَقِيلَ لَهُ مَاتَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ فَقَالَ رَحمَه الله قد ذهب مَعَه علم كثير
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٣٥]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"Hakam ibn Mundhir said: Abu Ya'qub Yusuf ibn Ahmad al-Saydalani in Makkah said: Abu al-Abbas Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Farid said: Muhammad ibn Isma'il al-Sa'igh said: Rawh ibn 'Abadah said: I was with Ibn Jurayj in the year 150 AH, and it was said to him: Abu Hanifa has passed away. He said: May Allah have mercy on him; much knowledge went with him."
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 135]
Abu 'Asim al-Nabil
وقال أحمد بن محمد: حدثنا نصر بن علي قال: سمعت أبا عاصم النبيل سئل:
أيما أفقه سفيان أو أبو حنيفة؟ فقال: إنما يقاس الشئ إلى شكله، أبو حنيفة فقيه تام الفقه، وسفيان رجل متفقه.
[تاريخ بغداد - الخطيب البغدادي - ج ١٣ - الصفحة ٣٤٣]
Ahmad bin Muhammad said: Nasr bin 'Ali narrated to us, saying: I heard Abu Asim al-Nabil being asked: "Who is more knowledgeable in fiqh, Sufyan or Abu Hanifa?"
He replied: "Things are only compared to their likes. Abu Hanifa is a fully accomplished jurist, while Sufyan is a man developing in fiqh."
[Tarikh al-Baghdad - Volume 13 - Page 343]
And many more
وقال نا جعفر بن إدريس القزويني قال نا محمد بن عيسى الطرسوسي قال سمعت سليمان الشاذكوني قال قال عيسى بن يونس لاتتكلمن في أبي حنيفة بسوء ولا تصدقن أحدا يسئ القول فيه فانى والله ما رأيت أفضل منه ولا أورع منه ولا أفقه منه وممن انتهى الينا ثناؤه على أبي حنيفة ومدحه له عبد الحميد بن يحيى الحماني ومعمر بن راشد والنضر بن محمد ويونس بن أبي إسحاق وإسرائيل ابن يونس وزفر بن الهذيل وعثمان البتي وجرير بن عبد الحميد وأبو مقاتل حفص بن مسلم وأبو يوسف القاضي وسلم بن سالم ويحيى بن آدم ويزيد ابن هارون وابن أبي رزمة وسعيد بن سالم القداح وشداد بن حكيم وخارجة ابن مصعب وخلف بن أيوب وأبو عبد الرحمن المقرى ومحمد بن السائب الكلبي والحسن بن عمارة وأبو نعيم الفضل بن دكين والحكم بن هشام ويزيد ابن زريع وعبد الله بن داود الحربي ومحمد بن فضيل وزكريا بن أبي زائدة وابنه يحيى بن زكريا بن أبي زائدة بن وزائدة قدامة ويحيى بن معين ومالك ابن مغول وأبو بكر بن عياش وأبو خلد الأحمر وقيس بن الربيع وأبو عاصم النبيل وعبد الله بن موسى ومحمد بن جابر الأصمعي وشقيق البلخي وعلى ابن عاصم ويحيى بن نصر كل هؤلاء اثنوا عليه ومدحوه بألفاظ مختلفة ذكر ذلك كله أبو يعقوب يوسف بن أحمد بن يوسف المكي في كتابه الذي جمعه في فضائل أبى حنيفة وأخباره حدثنا به حكم بن منذر رحمه الله باب جامع في فضائل أبي حنيفة وأخباره
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٣٧]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"Ja'far ibn Idris Al-Qazwini saying: Muhammad ibn Isa Al-Tarsusi narrated to us, saying: I heard Suleiman Al-Shadhkuni say: 'Isa ibn Yunus said:
Do not speak ill of Abu Hanifa, and do not believe anyone who speaks badly of him, for by Allah, I have never seen anyone better than him, nor more pious than him, nor more knowledgeable than him.
Among those who have praised and commended Abu Hanifa are: 'Abdul Hamid ibn Yahya Al-Hamani, Mu'ammar ibn Rashid, Al-Nadr ibn Muhammad, Yunus ibn Abi Ishaq, Israel ibn Yunus, Zafar ibn Al-Hudhail, Uthman Al-Batti, Jarir ibn 'Abdul Hamid, Abu Muqatil Hafs ibn Muslim, Abu Yusuf Al-Qadi, Salim ibn Salim, Yahya ibn Adam, Yazid ibn Harun, Ibn Abi Ruzma, Sa'eed ibn Salim Al-Qaddah, Shaddad ibn Hakim, Khurayja ibn Mus'ab, Khalaf ibn Ayub, Abu 'Abd Al-Rahman Al-Muqri, Muhammad ibn Al-Sa'ib Al-Kalbi, Al-Hasan ibn Amarah, Abu Nu'aym Al-Fadl ibn Dakin, Al-Hakam ibn Hisham, Yazid ibn Zari', 'Abdullah ibn Dawood Al-Harbi, Muhammad ibn Fudayl, Zakariya ibn Abi Zayda, his son Yahya ibn Zakariya ibn Abi Zayda, Qudama, Yahya ibn Ma'een, Malik ibn Maghul, Abu Bakr ibn Ayyash, Abu Khalid Al-Ahmar, Qays ibn Al-Rabi', Abu Asim Al-Nabil, 'Abdullah ibn Musa, Muhammad ibn Jabir Al-Asma'i, Shaqiq al-Balkhi, 'Ali ibn Asim, Yahya ibn Nasr.
All of these praised and commended him with different words. This was all mentioned by Abu Ya'qub Yusuf ibn Ahmad ibn Yusuf Al-Makki in his book that he compiled on the virtues and biography of Abu Hanifa, and it was narrated to us by Hakam ibn Mundhir, may Allah have mercy on him."
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 137]
Our View regarding Abu Hanifa
We believe Abu Hanifa was an estabilished Faqih that used Quran and Sunnah, according to the understanding of the Sahaba, to reach Fiqhi positions. Whenever he believed an issue was not mentioned in Quran, Sunnah, or from the statements of the Sahaba, then he would use Qiyas.
Abu Hanifa was excessive in Raiyy, which he was rightfully criticized for by many among the Salaf Saliheen. However, he was an Imam in Fiqh and had great knowledge of it.
With regards to his Aqeedah, Abu Hanifa was a Murji. He believed deeds are not part of Eman, and he was regarded a Muslim innovator by the Salaf Saliheen because of it.
It has been said by some that Abu Hanifa believed the Quran is created, but we believe this is incorrectly attributed to him. Our view is that he believed the Quran is uncreated, and that it is the Speech of Allah.
Abu Hanifa was not a strong Hadith narrator, though he was truthful and did not lie, he used to confuse narrators of the isnad, thus making him weak as a Hadith narrator.
Abu Hanifa's excessive use of Raiyy and Qiyas
Abu Hanifa was heavily critisized for his excessive use of Raiyy. He used to answer too many questions on which he did not know the answer on, so he often speculated with his opinion or used Qiyas, while he should have said 'I do not know'.
There were scholars who used Raiyy in matters of Fiqh, like Sufyan al-Thawri and Imam Malik, but they were not excessive in this and felt guilty afterwards.
أخبرني أحمد بن عبد الله بن محمد بن علي حدثني أبي حدثنا محمد بن عمر بن لبابة قال حدثنا مالك بن علي القرشي قال أنبأنا عبد الله ابن مسلمة القعنبي قال دخلت على مالك فوجدته باكيا فسلمت عليه فرد علي ثم سكت عني يبكي فقلت له يا أبا عبد الله ما الذي يبكيك فقال لي يا ابن قعنب إنا لله على ما فرط مني ليتني جلدت بكل كلمة تكلمت بها في هذا الأمر بسوط ولم يكن فرط مني ما فرط من هذا الرأي وهذه المسائل قد كانت لي سعة فيما سبقت إليها
[جامع بيان العلم وفضله - ابن عبد البر - ج ٢ - الصفحة ١٤٥]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
Ahmad ibn Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Ali narrated to me, saying: My father told me, and he was informed by Muhammad ibn Umar ibn Lubabah, who said: Malik ibn Ali al-Qurashi narrated to us, saying: Abdullah ibn Maslamah al-Qa'nabi informed us, saying:
I entered upon Malik and found him weeping. I greeted him, and he returned my greeting, but then he remained silent and continued to weep. So I said to him, "O Abu Abdullah, what is it that makes you weep?"
He replied, "O son of Qa'nab, to Allah we belong! How regretful I am for what I have neglected. I wish I had been lashed with a whip for every word I uttered concerning this matter, rather than having fallen short in the way I did regarding these opinions and issues. I could have avoided involving myself in what I had previously engaged in."
[Jaami' al-Bayaan wa Fadlihi - Volume 2 - Page 145]
٣٢٨ - أَخْبَرَنِي غَالِبُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ حِمْدَانَ بِعُكْبَرَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ أبي سهل الْحَرْبِيّ حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمد بن مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْرُوقٍ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ الْبُرْجُلَانِيُّ حَدَّثَنَا ثَابِتُ بن مُحَمَّد سَمِعت سُفْيَان الثَّوْرِيَّ يَقُولُ يَنْبَغِي لِلرَّجُلِ أَنْ لَا يَحُكَّ رَأْسَهُ إِلَّا بِأَثَرٍ
[ذم الكلام وأهله، أبو إسماعيل الهروي، ج٢ ص ١٨٠-١٨١]
Abu Isma'il al-Harawi mentioned: Ghalib ibn 'Ali narrated to me, Muhammad ibn al-Husayn narrated to us, 'Ubaydullah ibn Hamdan in 'Ukbara narrated to us, Abu al-Hasan ibn Abi Sahl al-Harbi narrated to us, Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Masruq narrated to us, Muhammad ibn al-Husayn al-Burjulani narrated to us, Thabit ibn Muhammad narrated to us:
I heard Sufyan al-Thawri say, "It is befitting for a man not to even scratch his head except with an Athar."
[Dhamm al-Kalaam wa Ahlihi - Abu Isma'il al-Harawi - Volume 2 - Page 180-181]
But then you have Abu Hanifa who was very excessive in use of opinion without basis from the Quran or Sunnah. And he was heavily criticized for this, which is justifiable, but some went overboard by invalidating his status of Faqih.
He jumped to Raiyy and Qiyas too often when he did not know a narration answering a specific case. And this was one of his big mistakes. He made his goal to have an answer for every scenario, which was a trap he placed himself in, unfortunately.
قال أبو عمر أفرط أصحاب الحديث في ذم أبي حنيفة وتجاوز الحد في ذلك والسبب والموجب لذلك عندهم إدخاله الرأي والقياس على الآثار واعتبارهما وأكثر أهل العلم يقولون إذا صح الأثر بطل القياس والنظر وكان رده لما رد من أخبار الآحاد بتأويل محتمل وكثير منه قد تقدمه إليه غيره وتابعه عليه مثله ممن قال بالرأي وجل ما يوجد له من ذلك ما كان منه اتباعا لأهل بلده كإبراهيم النخعي وأصحاب ابن مسعود إلا أنه أغرق وأفرط في تنزيل النوازل هو وأصحابه والجواب فيها برأيهم واستحسانهم فأتى منه من ذلك خلاف كبير للسلف وشنع هي عند مخاليفهم بدع وما أعلم أحدا من أهل العلم إلا وله تأويل في آية أو مذهب في سنة رد من أجل ذلك المذهب سنة أخرى بتأويل سائغ أو ادعاء نسخ إلا أن لأبي حنيفة من ذلك كثيرا وهو يوجد لغيره قليل وقد ذكر يحيى بن سلام قال سمعت عبد الله بن غانم في مجلس إبراهيم بن الأغلب يحدث عن الليث بن سعد أنه قال أحصيت على مالك بن أنس سبعين مسئلة كلها مخالفة لسنة النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم مما قال مالك فيها برأيه قال ولقد كتبت إليه في ذلك قال أبو عمر ليس لأحد من علماء الأمة يثبت حديثا عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ثم يرده دون ادعاء نسخ عليه بأثر مثله أو باجماع أو بعمل يجب على أصله الانقياد إليه أو طعن في سنده ولو فعل ذلك أحد سقطت عدالته فضلا عن أن يتخذ إماما ولزمه إثم الفسق
[جامع بيان العلم وفضله - ابن عبد البر - ج ٢ - الصفحة ١٤٨]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr said:
"The scholars of hadith went to extremes in criticizing Abu Hanifa and exceeded the bounds in this. The reason for this was his introduction of Raiyy (opinion) and qiyās (analogy), alongside him not considering athār (narrations).
Most scholars say that when an authentic narration (athar) is found, analogy (qiyās) and reasoning (nadhar) are invalid.
He rejected some reports classified as ahad (solitary narrations) based on plausible interpretations, and many others before him or similar to him who employed Raiyy had done the same.
Most of what he rejected in such cases was consistent with the practice of his people, such as Ibrahim al-Nakhaʿi and the companions of Ibn Masʿūd.
However, he and his followers went to extremes in responding to emerging issues with their opinions and preferences, resulting in significant disagreements with the Salaf, which his opponents labeled as Bid'ah. Yet, I do not know of any scholar except that he has an interpretation of a verse or a methodology in a prophetic tradition where he rejected another tradition based on a legitimate interpretation or a claim of abrogation. However, Abu Hanifa did this frequently, while others did it only rarely.
Yahya ibn Salam narrated: I heard 'Abdullah ibn Ghanim in the assembly of Ibrahim ibn al-Aghlab relate from al-Layth ibn Saʿd that he said, "I counted seventy issues where Malik ibn Anas contradicted the Sunnah of the Prophet (ﷺ) based on his own opinion. I even wrote to him about it."
No scholar of this nation would reject an authentic prophetic narration without claiming it was abrogated by a similar narration, consensus, practice that requires adherence, or a weakness in its chain of transmission.
But if anyone were to do so without valid reason, their credibility would be nullified, let alone their suitability to be an Imam, and they would incur the sin of immorality.
[Jaami' al-Bayaan wa Fadlihi - Volume 2 - Page 148]
Abu Hanifa never rejected any Athar if he believed it to be authentic. He looked at the Athar first, if it complied with the customs of Kufah, then it was accepted, even if it was a solitary narration (Ahad).
But if it went against the customs, he did not accept the narration because he would believe the narration must have been abbrograted then, and he would call it 'shadh' (unusual).
قَالَ أَبُو عُمَرَ كَثِيرٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ اسْتَجَازُوا الطَّعْنَ عَلَى أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ لِرَدِّهِ كَثِيرًا مِنْ أَخْبَارِ الآحَادِ الْعُدُولِ لأَنَّهُ كَانَ يَذْهَبُ فِي ذَلِكَ إِلَى عَرْضِهَا عَلَى مَا اجْتَمَعَ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الأَحَادِيثِ وَمَعَانِي الْقُرْآنِ فَمَا شَذَّ عَنْ ذَلِكَ رَدَّهُ وَسَمَّاهُ شَاذًّا
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٤٩]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr said:
"Many of the people of hadith permitted criticizing Abu Hanifa for rejecting numerous reports from trustworthy single narrators (ahad) because he would compare them to what was agreed upon from hadiths and the meanings of the Quran. Whatever deviated from that, he would reject and call it 'unusual' (shadh)."
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 149]
حدثنا عبد الوارث بن سفيان قال حدثنا قاسم بن أصبغ ووهب بن مسرة قالا حدثنا ابن وضاح قال حدثنا أبو جعفر هارون بن سعيد بن الهيثم الأيلي قال حدثنا عبد الله بن مسلمة القرشي قال سمعت مالكا يقول ما زال هذا الأمر معتدلا حتى نشأ أبو حنيفة فأخذ فيهم بالقياس فما أفلح ولا أبجح
[جامع بيان العلم وفضله - ابن عبد البر - ج ٢ - الصفحة ١٤٧]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
Abu al-Warith ibn Sufyan narrated to us, saying: Qasim ibn Asbagh and Wahb ibn Misrah both narrated to us, saying: Ibn Waddah narrated to us, saying: Abu Ja'far Harun ibn Said ibn al-Haytham al-Ayli narrated to us, saying: 'Abdullah ibn Muslimah al-Qurashi narrated to us, saying:
I heard Malik say: "This matter remained balanced until Abu Hanifa grew up and began using analogy (Qiyas) in it, and he did not succeed nor achieve any good outcome with it."
[Jaami' al-Bayaan wa Fadlihi - Volume 2 - Page 147]
قال ابن وضاح وسمعت أبا جعفر الأيلي يقول سمعت خالد بن نزار يقول سمعت مالكا يقول لو خرج أبو حنيفة على هذه الأمة بالسيف كان أيسر عليهم مما أظهر فيهم يعني من القياس والرأي
[جامع بيان العلم وفضله - ابن عبد البر - ج ٢ - الصفحة ١٤٧]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
Ibn Waddah said: I heard Abu Ja'far al-Ayli say: I heard Khalid ibn Nizar say:
I heard Malik say: "If Abu Hanifa had come out against this Ummah with the sword, it would have been easier for them than what he revealed to them, meaning his use of analogy (Qiyas) and personal opinion (Raiyy)."
[Jaami' al-Bayaan wa Fadlihi - Volume 2 - Page 147]
وحدثنا خلف بن القاسم قال حدثنا أبو طالب محمد بن زكريا قال حدثنا موسى بن هارون بن إسحاق الهمداني عن الحميدي عن ابن عيينة قال لم يزل أمر أهل الكوفة معتدلا حتى نشأ فيهم أبو حنيفة
[جامع بيان العلم وفضله - ابن عبد البر - ج ٢ - الصفحة ١٤٧]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
Khalaf ibn al-Qasim told us, saying: Abu Talib Muhammad ibn Zakariya narrated to us, saying: Musa ibn Harun ibn Ishaq al-Hamdani narrated to us from al-Humaydi from Ibn 'Uyaynah, who said: "The matter of the people of Kufa remained balanced until Abu Hanifa grew up among them."
[Jaami' al-Bayaan wa Fadlihi - Volume 2 - Page 147]
This is because Abu Hanifa introduced Raiyy in Kufah. He was the first to actually make it something that was practised. And he distorted the balance by that.
٤٠١ - (و) حَدثنَا الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنَ رَاهَوَيْهِ يَقُولُ كُنْتُ صَاحِبَ رَأْيٍ
فَقُلْتُ يَا أَبَا سَعِيدٍ لِمَ تَحْمِلُ عَلَى أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ كُلَّ هَذَا لِأَجْلِ هَذَا الْقَوْلِ إِنَّهُ كَانَ يَتَكَلَّمُ بِالرَّأْيِ فَقَدْ كَانَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ وَالْأَوْزَاعِيُّ وَسُفْيَانُ يَتَكَلَّمُونَ بِالرَّأْيِ
فَقَالَ تُقْرِنُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ إِلَى هَؤُلاءِ مَا أُشَبِّهُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ فِي الْعِلْمِ إِلَّا بِنَاقَةٍ شَارِدَةٍ فَارِدَةٍ تَرْعَى فِي وَادٍ خِصْبٍ وَالْإِبِلُ كُلُّهَا فِي وَاد آخر
[كتاب الورع - المرودي - صفحات ١٣١-١٣٥]
Imam al-Marwadhi mentioned: Al-Qasim ibn Muhammad narrated to us, he said: I heard Ishaaq ibn Rahawayh say: "I used to be from Ahl al-Raiyy.
... I (Ishaaq) said: 'O Abu Sa'eed (Abdul-Rahman ibn Mahdi), why do you hold so much against Abu Hanifa for speaking based on opinion, while Malik ibn Anas, al-Awza'ee, and Sufyan also spoke based on opinion.'
He replied: 'Do you compare Abu Hanifa to these people? I only compare Abu Hanifa to a stray camel, alone, grazing in a fertile valley, while all the other camels are in a different valley.'"
[Kitaab al-Wara' Al-Marwadhi - Page 131-135]
Ishaaq ibn Rahawayh used to be from Ahl al-Raiyy and was not against the excessive practise of Abu Hanifa in Raiyy. But later Ishaaq retracted from Ahl al-Raiyy and spoke against them for their excessive use of Raiyy.
This was due to what 'Abdul-Rahman ibn Mahdi told him, who was one of the teachers of 'Abdullah ibn al-Mubarak.
'Abdul-Rahman ibn Mahdi was strongly against Abu Hanifa's approach to Raiyy. He found it excessive and did not compare him to any other Faqih, as they did not reach this level of excessive use of Raiyy.
Abu Hanifa was indeed like a camel, alone, grazing in a fertile valley, while all the other camels are in a different valley. He was alone in his excessive use of Raiyy at his time, nobody did the same.
Abu Hanifa however did prioritize the Quran, Sunnah, and the Sahaba over Qiyas
ونا عبد الوارث قَالَ نَا قَاسِمٌ قَالَ نَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ زُهَيْر قَالَ نَا يحيى ابْن معِين قَالَ نَا عبد الله بن ابى قُرَّة عَن يحيى بن ضريس قَالَ قَالَ ابو حنيفَة إِذا لم يكن فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَلا فِي سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ الله نظرت فى اقاويل اصحابه وَلَا أَخْرُجُ عَنْ قَوْلِهِمْ إِلَى قَوْلِ غَيْرِهِمْ فَإِذَا انْتهى الامر أوجاء الامر الى ابراهيم والشعبى وَابْن سِيرِين وَالْحسن وَعَطَاء وَسَعِيد بن جُبَير وَعدد رجَالًا فقوم اجتهدوا فاجتهد كَمَا اجْتَهَدُوا
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٣٧]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
Narrated by 'Abdul-Warith, who said: Narrated to us by Qasim, who said: Narrated to us by Ahmad ibn Zuhair, who said: Narrated to us by Yahya ibn Ma'een, who said: Narrated to us by 'Abdullah ibn Abi Qurrah from Yahya ibn Duraiss, who said:
Abu Hanifa said: "If there is no explicit mention in the Book of Allah or in the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah, I look into the statements of his companions and do not deviate from their opinions to the opinions of others. If the matter ends, or it comes down to Ibrahim, al-Sha'bi, Ibn Sirin, al-Hasan, 'Ata, Sa'eed ibn Jubayr, and others among the men who exercised ijtihad, I also perform ijtihad as they did."
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 143]
Here we see that Abu Hanifa does not prefer Qiyas over the Quran or Sunnah, nor over the sayings of the Sahaba. Therefore, it is wrong to say that Abu Hanifa only did Qiyas in his madhab.
Abu Hanifa would view some types of Qiyas to be incorrect and blameworthy.
سمعت أَبَا عَرُوبة يَقُول: سَمعتُ سُفْيَان بْن وكيع يَقُولُ: سَمعتُ أَبِي يَقُولُ: سَمعتُ أَبَا حنيفة يَقُول البول فِي المسجد أحسن من بعض القياس.
[الكامل في ضعفاء الرجال نویسنده : ابن عدي جلد : 8 صفحه : 241]
Ibn 'Adiy mentioned:
"I heard Abu 'Arubah say: I heard Sufyan ibn Waki' say: I heard my father say: I heard Abu Hanifa say, 'Urine in the mosque is better than some of the Qiyas.'"
[Al-Kaamil - Volume 8 - Page 241]
Some also disagreed with Abu Hanifa for disregarding the Ijtihad of the Tabi'un by performing his own Ijtihad.
His love for authentic Hadiths, and respect for Imam Malik
حدثنا عبد الرحمن نا أبو بكر الجارودي محمد بن النضر النيسابوري قال سمعت أحمد بن حفص يقول سمعت أبي يقول سمعت إبراهيم بن طهمان يقول: اتيت المدينة فكتبت بها ثم قدمت الكوفة فأتيت ابا حنيفة في بيته فسلمت عليه فقال لي: عمن كتبت هناك؟
فسميت له، فقال: هل كتبت عن مالك بن انس شيئا؟ فقلت: نعم، فقال: جئني بما كتبت عنه، فأتيته به، فدعا بقرطاس ودواة فجعلت املى عليه وهو يكتب.
[الجرح والتعديل - الرازي - ج ١ - الصفحة ٣]
'Abd al-Rahman narrated to us, [saying]: Abu Bakr al-Jarudi Muhammad ibn al-Nadr al-Nisaburi narrated to me, [saying]: I heard Ahmad ibn Hafs say: I heard my father say: I heard Ibrahim ibn Tahman say:
"I came to Madinah and wrote down [hadith] there, and then I traveled to Kufah. I went to Abu Hanifa at his house and greeted him. He asked me, 'From whom did you write there?'
I mentioned the names to him, and he asked, 'Did you write anything from Malik ibn Anas?' I replied, 'Yes.'
He said, 'Bring me what you wrote from him.'
So I brought it to him. He called for paper and ink, and I began dictating to him while he wrote."
[al-Jarh wal-Ta'deel - Ibn Abi Haatim - Volume 1 - Page 3]
قال أبو محمد ما كتب أبو حنيفة عن إبراهيم بن ط عن مالك بن انس ومالك بن انس حي الا وقد رضيه ووثقه ولا سيما إذ قصد من بين جميع من كتب عنه بالمدينة مالك بن انس وسأله ان يملى عليه حديثه فقد جعله اماما لنفسه ولغيره.
[الجرح والتعديل - الرازي - ج ١ - الصفحة ٤]
Ibn Abi Haatim said: "Abu Hanifa did not write from Ibrahim ibn 'Uyayna or Malik ibn Anas while Malik was still alive, except that he esteemed and trusted him.
Especially since he specifically chose Malik ibn Anas, among all those he wrote from in Madinah, and asked him to dictate his hadith to him. This shows that he considered him an imam, both for himself and for others."
[al-Jarh wal-Ta'deel - Ibn Abi Haatim - Volume 1 - Page 4]
Abu Hanifa and Ahad reports
Abu Hanifa used to reject narrations in Fiqh that were against the customs of Kufah at his time. He looked at the views of his teachers and was in Fiqh a strict follower of the Tabi'een of Kufah.
Abu Hanifa was not known for promoting radically new views in Fiqh; instead, he adhered to the customs of Kufa. In this respect, he was a follower, and even Imam Ahmad, a strong critic of Abu Hanifa, acknowledged this.
Abu Hanifa followed the opinions of Al-Sha'bi, Ibrahim al-Taymi, and many other scholars before him.
سمعت علي بن أحمد بن سليمان يقول: سمعت إبراهيم بن يعقوب يقول: سمعت أحمد بن حنبل يقول إنما كان أبو حنيفة تابعة ما اخترع قولا ولا انشر خلافه لان أهل الكوفة إبراهيم التيمي والشعبي والحكم وغيرهم
[الكامل - عبد الله بن عدي - ج ٧ - الصفحة ٩]
Ibn 'Adiy mentioned:
I heard 'Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Suleiman say: I heard Ibrahim ibn Ya'qub say: I heard Ahmad ibn Hanbal say: "Abu Hanifa was simply a follower; he did not invent any opinions nor spread any differing views, for the people of Kufah, such as Ibrahim al-Taymi, al-Sha'bi, al-Hakam, and others, were the ones who (originally) held such positions."
[Al-Kaamil - Ibn 'Adiy - Volume 7 - Page 9]
This shows that Abu Hanifa was not just someone who came up with his own Fiqh rulings and did not rely on anyone.
Those who criticized Abu Hanifa for seemingly rejecting Ahad reports
Al-Awza'ee and others were against this practise of Abu Hanifa. They held that the narrations should be accepted over the customs.
Imam Malik was also one who prioritized customs over narrations that were not practised in his area.
Imam Malik and Abu Hanifa preferred customs because they believed that the narration must have some weakness in it or that it would have been abbrogated as this is not the practise of their people.
قال ابن قتيبة : وكان الأوزاعي يقول : إنا لا ننقم على أبي حنيفة أنه رأى ، كلنا يرى ، ولكننا ننقم عليه أنه يجيئه الحديث عن النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - فيخالفه إلى غيره .
[تأويل مختلف الحديث صفحة 102 جزء 1]
Al-Awza'ee said: "We do not criticize Abu Hanifa for having his own opinions — all of us have opinions. But we criticize him because a hadith would come to him from the Prophet (ﷺ), and he would oppose it by turning to something else."
[Tawil Mukhtalif al-Hadith - Ibn Qutaybah - Volume 1 - Page 102]
حدثني سهل بن محمد قال : حدثنا الأصمعي عن حماد بن زيد قال : شهدت أبا حنيفة سئل عن محرم لم يجد إزارا فلبس سراويل ، فقال : عليه الفدية . فقلت : سبحان الله ، حدثنا عمرو بن دينار عن جابر بن زيد عن ابن عباس قال : سمعت رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - يقول في المحرم : [ ص: 104 ] إذا لم يجد إزارا لبس سراويل ، وإذا لم يجد نعلين لبس خفين فقال : دعنا من هذا ، حدثنا حماد عن إبراهيم أنه قال : عليه الكفارة .
[تأويل مختلف الحديث صفحة 102 جزء 1]
Sahl ibn Muhammad narrated: Al-Asma’i told us from Hammad ibn Zayd, who said:
"I witnessed Abu Hanifa being asked about a person in the state of ihram who could not find an izar (waistcloth) and thus wore trousers. Abu Hanifa said: 'He must offer expiation (fidya).'
I said: 'Glory be to Allah! 'Amr ibn Dinar narrated to us from Jabir ibn Zayd, from Ibn 'Abbas, who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say about the one in ihram: If he cannot find an izar, he may wear trousers; and if he cannot find sandals, he may wear leather socks (khuffayn).'
Abu Hanifa replied: 'Leave this aside. Hammad narrated to us from Ibrahim that he said: He must offer expiation.'"
[Tawil Mukhtalif al-Hadith - Ibn Qutaybah - Volume 1 - Page 102]
Abu Hanifa believed the Hadith presented to him to be weak, as the customs of Kufah was different to the Hadith. The evidence for this:
نا حكم بن منذر قال نا يوسف بن أحمد قال نا أبو العباس الفارض قال نا محمد بن إسماعيل الصائغ قال نا داود بن المحبر قال قيل لأبي حنيفة المحرم لا يجد الإزار يلبس السراويل قال لا ولكن يلبس الإزار قيل له ليس له ازار قال يبيع السراويل ويشترى بها إزارا قيل له فان النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم خطب وقال (المحرم يلبس السراويل إذا لم يجد الإزار) فقال أبو حنيفة لم يصح في هذا عندي عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم شئ فأفتى به وينتهى كل امرى إلى ما سمع وقد صح عندنا ان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال (لا يلبس المحرم السراويل) فننتهى إلى ما سمعنا قيل له اتخالف النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال لعن الله من يخالف رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم به أكرمنا الله وبه استنقذنا
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٤١]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
Hakam bin Mundhir narrated to us, saying: Yusuf bin Ahmad narrated to us, saying: Abu al-Abbas al-Faraz narrated to us, saying: Muhammad bin Isma'il al-Sayyagh narrated to us, saying: Dawood bin al-Muhabbir narrated to us, saying:
It was said to Abu Hanifah, "The muhrim does not find an izar; can he wear trousers?" He said, "No, he should wear the izar." It was said to him, "He does not have an izar." He said, "He should sell the trousers and buy an izar with it."
It was said to him, "But the Prophet (ﷺ) addressed and said, 'The muhrim may wear trousers if he does not find an izar.'" Abu Hanifah replied, "This narration is not authentic to me from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), so I give a fatwa based on what I have heard. Each matter ends with what one hears." He continued, "It is established with us that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, 'The muhrim does not wear trousers,' so we adhere to what we have heard."
It was said to him, "Do you oppose the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)?" He (Abu Hanifa) replied, "May Allah curse those who oppose the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), by him we have been honored by Allah and by him we have been saved."
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 141]
Abu Hanifa did not reject Ahad reports if he deemed them authentic. His rejection was based on his assessment of their weakness, as he adhered to the practices of Kufa and believed that anything contradicting them must have been a weak or abrogated narration.
Therefore, it cannot be claimed that Abu Hanifa intentionally opposed authentic narrations, as he considered such reports to be unreliable.
Had he knowingly gone against authentic reports, he would have been blameworthy and fallen into error. Abu Hanifa himself cursed those who oppose the Prophet (ﷺ), so he is against that.
Abu Hanifa was a Murji
ونقموا أيضا على أبي حنيفة الإرجاء ، ومن أهل العلم من ينسب إلى الإرجاء كثير لم يعن أحد بنقل قبيح ما قيل فيه كما عنوا بذلك في أبي حنيفة لإمامته ، وكان أيضا مع هذا يحسد وينسب إليه ما ليس فيه ويختلق عليه ما لا يليق به وقد أثنى عليه جماعة من العلماء وفضلوه ولعلنا إن وجدنا نشطة نجمع من فضائله وفضائل مالك ، والشافعي ، والثوري ، والأوزاعي رحمهم الله كتابا ، أملنا جمعه قديما في أخبار أئمة الأمصار إن شاء الله تعالى " .
[جامع بيان العلم وفضله - ابن عبد البر - ج ٢ - الصفحة ١٤٨]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr said:
"They also criticized Abu Hanifa for Irja, though many scholars have been attributed to Irja. Yet no one focused on transmitting the negative things said about anyone as they did in the case of Abu Hanifa, due to his leadership and prominence. Furthermore, he was envied, falsely attributed with things that were not true, and accused of what did not befit him.
Nonetheless, a group of scholars praised him and preferred him. If we find the resolve, we may compile a book of his virtues along with those of Malik, al-Shafi‘i, al-Thawri, and al-Awza‘i, may Allah have mercy on them. We had intended long ago to gather such a work on the biographies of the leading scholars of the regions, in shaa Allah."
[Al-Tamheed - Ibn 'Abdul-Barr - Volume 4 - Page 242]
(قال ابن عبد البر: ألا أن المرجئة) تقول (المؤمن) المقر مستكمل الايمان وقد ذكرنا اختلاف أئمة (أهل) السنة والجماعة في تارك الصلاة فأما أهل البدع فإن المرجئة قالت تارك الصلاة مؤمن مستكمل الإيمان إذا كان مقرا غير جاحد ومصدقا غير مستكبر وحكيت هذه المقالة عن أبي حنيفة وسائر المرجئة وهو قول جهم
[التمهيد - ابن عبد البر - ج ٤ - الصفحة ٢٤٢]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr said:
"As for the Murjiah, they say that a person who does not perform the prayer is a complete believer (because they do not believe that deeds are part of Eman). For them, merely acknowledging the prayer is sufficient, and abandoning it does not diminish Eman. This is the view of Abu Hanifa and the rest of the Murjiah, and it is also the view of Jahm ibn Safwan."
[Al-Tamheed - Ibn 'Abdul-Barr - Volume 4 - Page 242]
The Murjiah believe that abandoning prayer does not diminish Eman, while Ahl Sunnah wal Jama'ah believe it does diminish Eman. There is however a difference of opinion among the Salaf Saliheen regarding abandoning prayer.
وَكَانَ مَعَ ذَلِكَ أَيْضًا يَقُولُ الطَّاعَاتُ مِنَ الصَّلاةِ وَغَيْرِهَا لَا تُسَمَّى إِيمَانًا وَكُلُّ مَنْ قَالَ مِنْ أَهْلِ السُّنَّةِ الإِيمَانُ قَوْلٌ وَعَمَلٌ يُنْكِرُونَ قَوْلَهُ وَيُبَدِّعُونَهُ بِذَلِكَ وَكَانَ مَعَ ذَلِكَ مَحْسُودًا لِفَهْمِهِ وَفِطْنَتِهِ
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٤٩]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr said:
"Moreover, he also used to say that acts of obedience, such as prayer and others, are not considered to be part of Eman. Everyone from Ahl al-Sunnah who said that 'Eman consists of speech and action' rejected his statement and deemed him an innovator because of it. Besides this, he was also envied (by some) for his understanding and insight."
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 149]
ونا عبد الوارث نَا قَاسِمٌ نَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ زُهَيْرٍ قَالَ نَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْخٍ قَالَ أَنِّي الْعَلاءُ بْنُ عُصَيْمٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِوَكِيعِ بْنِ الْجراح لقد اخترأت حِين قلت الايمان يزِيد وَينْقص وَلَقَد إجترأت أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ حِينَ قَالَ الإِيمَانُ قَوْلٌ بِلا عمل
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٣٨]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"'Abd al-Warith narrated to us, from Qasim, from Ahmad ibn Zuhair, from Suleiman ibn Abi Shaikh, from Al-Ala ibn Usaym, who said to Waki' ibn al-Jarrah: 'You were courageous when you said that Eman increases and decreases, opposing the stance of Abu Hanifa who said Eman is merely a statement without action.'"
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 138]
قال ونا أبو عبد الله محمد بن حزام الفقيه قال نا عبد الله بن أبي عبد الله العبد الصالح قال نا محمد بن يزيد قال نا الحسن بن صالح عن أبي مقاتل عن أبي حنيفة قال الايمان هو المعرفة والتصديق والاقرار بالاسلام قال والناس في التصديق على ثلاث منازل فمنهم من صدق الله وما جاء منه بقلبه ولسانه ومنهم من صدقه بلسانه وهو يكذبه بقلبه ومنهم من يصدق بقلبه ويكذب بلسانه فأما من صدقه الله عز وجل وما جاء به رسول الله صلى الله عليه بقلبه ولسانه فهم عند الله وعند الناس مؤمنون ومن صدق بلسانه وكذب بقلبه كان عند الله كافرا وعند الناس مؤمنا لان الناس لا يعلمون ما في قلبه وعليهم ان يسموه مؤمنا بما اظهر لهم من الاقرار بهذه الشهادة وليس لهم أن يتكلفوا علم القلوب ومنهم من يكون عند الله مؤمنا وعند الناس كافرا وذلك أن يكون المؤمن يظهر الكفر بلسانه في حال التقية فيسميه من لا يعرفه كافرا وهو عند الله مؤمن
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٦٨]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"Abu 'Abdullah Muhammad ibn Hizam al-Faqih reported: 'Abdullah ibn Abi 'Abdullah al-Abd al-Salih reported: Muhammad ibn Yazid reported: Hasan ibn Salih reported from Abi Muqatil, who heard Abu Hanifa say: 'Iman (faith) is knowledge, affirmation, and declaration of Islam. The people in their affirmation of faith are of three levels:
1. Some who believe in Allah and what He has revealed with their hearts and tongues.
2. Some who affirm with their tongues but disbelieve with their hearts.
3. Some who believe with their hearts but deny with their tongues.
As for those who affirm with both their hearts and tongues, believing in Allah and what the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) brought, they are considered believers by both Allah and people.
Those who affirm with their tongues but disbelieve in their hearts are considered disbelievers by Allah, but believers by people because people cannot see what is in their hearts, and it is obligatory for them to call them believers based on the outward testimony of faith.
There are also those who are considered believers by Allah but disbelievers by people. This happens when a believer outwardly displays disbelief with their tongue in a state of taqiyyah (concealing one’s faith), and those who do not know them may call them disbelievers, but in the sight of Allah, they are believers.'"
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 168]
Abu Hanifa believes Eman is belief in the heart and on the tongue, as opposed to the Jahmiyyah who believe it is merely knowledge in the heart.
Abu Hanifa believes sins will be punished, if Allah wills
قَالَ ونا أَبُو عبد الله مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حِزَامٍ الْفَقِيهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ ني مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ قَالَ نَا حَسَنُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ عَنْ أَبِي مُقَاتِلٍ سَمِعْتُ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ يَقُولُ النَّاسُ عِنْدَنَا عَلَى ثَلاثَةِ مَنَازِلَ الأَنْبِيَاءُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ وَمَنْ قَالَتِ الأَنْبِيَاءُ إِنَّهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ فَهُوَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ وَالْمَنْزِلَةُ الأُخْرَى الْمُشْرِكُونَ نَشْهَدُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنَّهُمْ من أهل النَّار والمنزلة الثَّالِثَة الْمُؤْمِنُونَ نَقِفُ عَنْهُمْ وَلا نَشْهَدُ عَلَى وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ أَنَّهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ وَلا مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ وَلَكِنَّا نَرْجُو لَهُمْ وَنَخَافُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَنَقُولُ كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى {خَلَطُوا عَمَلا صَالِحًا وَآخَرَ سَيِّئًا عَسَى اللَّهُ أَنْ يَتُوبَ عَلَيْهِم} حَتَّى يَكُونَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقْضِي بَيْنَهُمْ وَإِنَّمَا نَرْجُو لَهُمْ لأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقُولُ {إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَغْفِرُ أَنْ يُشْرَكَ بِهِ وَيَغْفِرُ مَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ} وَنَخَافُ عَلَيْهِمْ بِذُنُوبِهِمْ وَخَطَايَاهُمْ وَلَيْسَ أَحَدٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ أُوجِبُ لَهُ الْجَنَّةَ وَلَوْ كَانَ صَوَّامًا قَوَّامًا غَيْرَ الأَنْبِيَاءِ وَمَنْ قَالَتْ فِيهِ الأَنْبِيَاءُ إِنَّهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٦٧]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"Abu 'Abdullah Muhammad ibn Hizam al-Faqih reported from his father, Muhammad ibn Yazid, who reported from Hasan ibn Salih, who said:
"I heard Abu Hanifa say: 'People are categorized into three groups:
The prophets are from the people of Paradise;
those whom the prophets said are from the people of Paradise, are indeed from the people of Paradise. The second group is the polytheists, about whom we testify that they are from the people of the Fire.
The third group is the believers. We withhold from them, and we do not testify that any of them are from the people of Paradise or from the people of the Fire. However, we hope for them and fear for them, and we say as Allah, the Most High, says: "They mixed good deeds with bad, perhaps Allah will forgive them" until Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, makes a decision between them. We hope for them because Allah, the Most High, says: "Indeed, Allah does not forgive that partners be associated with Him, but He forgives what is less than that for whom He wills." We fear for them because of their sins and wrongdoings. There is no one among the people whom we can definitively say will enter Paradise, even if they used to fast a lot, except for the prophets and those whom the prophets have spoken about.'"
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 167]
Abu Hanifa is a Murji, who believes Eman is belief in the heart and tongue only. But he does believe that leaving obligatory acts of the limbs are regarded as sins, which can be punished by Allah.
So just because he believes Eman is in the heart and tongue only, does not mean he regards the sinners to go automatically to Paradise, it is upto Allah to forgive those who sin, and nobody can testify that a Muslim will go to Paradise.
Those who have lied against Abu Hanifa say that he believes the Fussaaq of Ahl al-Qiblah will go to Paradise if they affirm in their heart and tongue, but as you can see, that is not what Abu Hanifa believes.
Ahl Sunnah wal Jama'ah believe that Eman increases and decreases, and that it is belief in the heart, speech, and on the limbs.
But as for Abu Hanifa, he believes Eman is constant and cannot increase or decrease. He does however believe that the sinners will not go to Paradise if they just believe in their heart and on their tongue. They must do good works and refrain from bad deeds, because Allah will punish bad deeds if He wills.
However, this innovation of his does not reach major kufr. The Salaf Saliheen regarded the Murjiah as Muslim innovators.
Abu Hanifa about saying 'My Eman is the same as Jibreel'
حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَفْصٍ، حَدَّثَنا حفص بن طرخان، حَدَّثَنا غسان بن الفضل، حَدَّثَنا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، قالَ: قُلتُ لأبي حنيفة أن جابرا روى عنك وإنك تقول إيماني كإيمان جبريل وميكائيل قَال: مَا قلت هذا، ومَنْ قَالَ هذا فهو مبتدع قَالَ فذكرت ذلك لمحمد بْن الحسن صاحب الرأي قول حَمَّاد بْن زيد فَقَالَ صدق حَمَّاد إن أَبَا حنيفة كَانَ يكره أن يَقُول ذلك.
[الكامل في ضعفاء الرجال نویسنده : ابن عدي جلد : 8 صفحه : 240]
Ibn 'Adiy mentioned:
Ahmad ibn Hafs narrated to us, Hafs ibn Tarikhan narrated to us, Ghassan ibn al-Fadl narrated to us, Hamad ibn Zayd narrated to us, saying: I said to Abu Hanifa, 'Jabir has narrated from you, and you say that my Eman is like the Eman of Jibril and Mikail.' He (Abu Hanifa) replied, 'I did not say this. Whoever says this is an innovator.' I mentioned this to Muhammad ibn al-Hasan, Saahib al-Raiyy, and he said, 'Hamad is correct (Jabir did narrate from him). Indeed, Abu Hanifa disliked saying this (regarding the saying 'my Eman is like the Eman of Jibril and Mikail').'"
[Al-Kaamil - Ibn 'Adiy - Volume 8 - Page 240]
Whether Abu Hanifa was a Jahmi
There existed a disagreement whether Abu Hanifa really once upon a time believed the Quran is created. It has been narrated that he had to make tawbah for it, but others said this was a lie and that he never believed the Quran is created.
قال أبو يعقوب ونا أبو قتيبة سلم ابن الفضل قال نا محمد بن يونس الكديمى قال سمعت عبد الله بن داود الخريبي يوما وقيل له يا أبا عبد الرحمن إن معاذا يروى عن سفيان الثوري أنه قال استتيب أبو حنيفة مرتين فقال عبد الله بن داود هذه والله كذب قد كان بالكوفة علي والحسن ابنا صالح بن حي وهما من الورع بالمكان الذي لم يكن مثله وأبو حنيفة يفتى بحضرتهما ولو كان من هذا شئ ما رضيا به وقد كنت بالكوفة دهرا فما سمعت بهذا
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٥٠]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
Abu Ya'qub said, and Abu Qutaybah Salim ibn al-Fadl narrated to us, and Muhammad ibn Yunus al-Kadimi said: I heard 'Abdullah ibn Dawud al-Khuraibi one day, and it was said to him: "O Abu 'Abd al-Rahman, it is narrated from Mu'adh that he heard from Sufyan al-Thawri that Abu Hanifa was made to repent twice."
'Abdullah ibn Dawud replied: "By Allah, this is a lie. In Kufa, there were 'Ali and al-Hasan, the sons of Salih ibn Hayy, who were known for their piety to an extent that no one else was like them. Abu Hanifa would issue fatwas in their presence. If there were any truth to this, they would not have accepted it. I spent a long time in Kufa, and I never heard of such a thing."
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 150]
Abu Hanifa was not made to repent twice, this is a lie. He was never made to officially repent for anything.
حدثنا حكم بن منذر قال نا أبو يعقوب يوسف بن أحمد قال نا أبو محمد عبد الرحمن بن أسد الفقيه قال نا هلال بن العلاء الرقى قال نا أبى قال نا عبيد الله بن عمرو الرقي قال نا أبي قال نا عبيد الله بن عمرو الرقي قال ضرب أبو حنيفة على القضاء فلم يفعل ففرح بذلك أعداؤه وقالوا استتابه
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٥٠]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"Hakam bin Mundhir narrated to us, he said: Abu Ya'qub Yusuf bin Ahmad narrated to us, he said: Abu Muhammad 'Abd al-Rahman bin Asad al-Faqih narrated to us, he said: Hilal bin al-'Alaa al-Raqi narrated to us, he said: My father narrated to us, he said: 'Ubaydullah bin 'Amr al-Raqi narrated to us, he said: My father narrated to us, he said: 'Ubaydullah bin 'Amr al-Raqi narrated to us that Abu Hanifa was struck (punished) for not taking on the position as a judge when he was asked for it. His enemies rejoiced at this and said he was made to repent."
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 150]
Those who held Abu Hanifa in contempt and lied against him rejoiced when they heard of this incident. They exploited it and said that Abu Hanifa was made to repent.
وقال ابن الجارود في كتابه في الضعفاء والمتروكين النعمان بن ثابت أبو حنيفة جل حديثه وهم وقد اختلف في اسلامه
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٥٠]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"Ibn al-Jarud said in his book Al-Du‘afā wa al-Matrukīn (The Weak and the Abandoned): 'Al-Nu‘mān ibn Thābit, Abu Hanifa: most of his hadiths are erroneous, and there is a difference of opinion regarding his Islam.'
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 150]
فهذا ومثله لا يخفى على من أحسن النظر والتأمل ما فيه
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٥٠]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr said:
"This and similar statements are not hidden from those who reflect and contemplate properly on their content."
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 150]
After Ibn 'Abdul-Barr narrated the different stances regarding Abu Hanifa whether he believed the Quran to be created or not, he mentioned that these difference in stances is evidence that it is not clear cut and that further investigation is required.
: قال أبو يعقوب نا أبو حامد أحمد بن إبراهيم قال نا سهيل بن عامر قال سمعت بشر بن الوليد يقول : كنا عند أمير المؤمنين المأمون فقال إسماعيل بن أبي حنيفة القرآن مخلوق وهو رأيي ورأي آبائي قال بشر بن الوليد : أما رأيك فنعم وأما رأي آبائك فلا
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٦٦]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"Bishr bin Waleed said Isma'eel bin Abi Hanifa said: 'The Quran is created and that is my view and the view of my fathers,' whereupon Bishr ibn al-Walid said to him: 'It may be your view but it is certainly not the view of your fathers (i.e. Hammad and Abu Hanifa).'"
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 166]
قال أبو يعقوب ونا أبو حامد قال نا صلح بن أحمد بن يعقوب قال سمعت أبي يقول سئل أبو مقاتل حفص بن سلم وانا حاضر عن القرآن فقال القرآن كلام الله غير مخلوق ومن قال غير هذا فهو كافر فقال ابنه سلم يا أبت هل تخبر عن أبي حنيفة في هذا بشئ فقال نعم كان أبو حنيفة على هذا عهدي به ما علمت منه غير هذا ولو علمت منه غير هذا لم اصحبه قال وكان أبو حنيفة امام الدنيا في زمانه فقها وعلما وورعا قال وكان أبو حنيفة محنة يعرف به أهل البدع من الجماعة ولقد ضرب بالسياط على الدخول في الدنيا لهم فأبى
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٦٧]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"Abu Ya'qub said, and Abu Hamid narrated to us, who said: Salih bin Ahmad bin Ya'qub narrated to us, saying: I heard my father say:
Abu Muqatil Hafs bin Salam was asked while I was present about the Quran. He replied: "The Quran is the speech of Allah, not created, and whoever says otherwise is a disbeliever."
His son Salam said: "O father, do you know anything about Abu Hanifa regarding this matter?" He replied: "Yes, Abu Hanifa was upon this view as far as I know. I did not know anything different from him in this regard. Had I known otherwise, I would not have associated with him."
He added: 'Abu Hanifa was the Imam of the world in his time in terms of jurisprudence, knowledge, and piety. He was a test through which the people of innovation were distinguished from the people of the mainstream. Indeed, he was struck with whips to coerce him into aligning with worldly powers, but he refused.'"
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 167]
٤٧٠ - سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الْحَسَنِ عَلِيَّ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَرَ الْفَقِيهَ الرَّازِيَّ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ مِهْرَوَيْهِ الرَّازِيَّ يَقُولُ وَهُوَ مَعِي فِي الطَّرِيقِ يَسْعَى إِلَى تَعْزِيَةِ إِنْسَانٍ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ أَيُّوبَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سَابِقٍ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا يُوسُفَ الْقَاضِيَ وَقُلْتُ لَهُ: تَقُولُ بِخَلْقِ الْقُرْآنِ؟ قَالَ: لَا. كَالْمُنْكِرُ عَلَى هَؤُلَاءِ يَعْنِي أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ وَلَا أَنَا
[شرح أصول اعتقاد - المجلد ٢ - الصفحة ٢٩٧]
Imam Lalakaee mentioned:
I heard Abu Al-Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Umar Al-Faqih Al-Razi say: I heard Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Mihrawayh Al-Razi, who was with me on the road heading to console someone, say: I heard Muhammad ibn Ayyub say:
Muhammad ibn Sa’id ibn Sabiq said: I heard Abu Yusuf Al-Qadi, and I asked him: "Do you believe the Quran is created?" He replied: "No. Nor those who hold the same view, meaning Abu Hanifa, and neither do I."
[Sharh Usul I'tiqaad - Volume 2 - Page 297]
٤٧١ - أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُكْرَمُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَطِيَّةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ الْمُبَارَكِ يَقُولُ: وَاللَّهِ مَا مَاتَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ بِخَلْقِ الْقُرْآنِ وَلَا يَدِينُ اللَّهَ بِهِ
[شرح أصول اعتقاد - المجلد ٢ - الصفحة ٢٩٨]
Imam Lalakaee mentioned:
'Ali ibn Umar ibn Ibrahim narrated to us, saying: Mukram ibn Ahmad narrated to us, saying: Ahmad ibn Atiyyah narrated to us, saying: Sa’id ibn Mansur narrated to us, saying:
Ibn Al-Mubarak said: "By Allah, Abu Hanifa did not die on the belief that the Quran is created, nor did he worship Allah (live) based on that belief."
[Sharh Usul I'tiqaad - Volume 2 - Page 298]
٤٧٢ - وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عُمَرَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُكْرَمٌ , وَقَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَطِيَّةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ مُقَاتِلٍ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ الْمُبَارَكِ يَقُولُ: ذُكِرَ جَهْمٌ فِي مَجْلِسِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ فَقَالَ: مَا يَقُولُ؟ قَالُوا: يَقُولُ الْقُرْآنُ مَخْلُوقٌ. فَقَالَ: {كَبُرَتْ كَلِمَةً تَخْرُجُ مِنْ أَفْوَاهِهِمْ إِنْ يَقُولُونَ إِلَّا كَذِبًا} [الكهف: ٥]
[شرح أصول اعتقاد - المجلد ٢ - الصفحة ٢٩٨]
Imam Lalakaee mentioned:
'Ali ibn Umar narrated to us, saying: Mukram informed us, and he said: Ahmad ibn 'Atiyyah narrated to us, saying: I heard Muhammad ibn Muqatil say:
Ibn Al-Mubarak said: "Jahm was mentioned in Abu Hanifa's gathering, and someone asked, 'What does he say?' They replied, 'He says the Qur'an is created.' Abu Hanifa responded: {'Grave is the word that comes out of their mouths; they speak not except a lie.'} [Al-Kahf: 5]"
[Sharh Usul I'tiqaad - Volume 2 - Page 298]
وذكر ابن أبي خيثمة قال حدثنا محمد بن شجاع البلخي قال سمعت الحسن ابن زياد اللؤلؤي وقال له رجل في زفر بن الهذيل أكان ينظر في الكلام فقال سبحان الله ما أحمقك ما أدركت مشيختنا زفر وأبا يوسف وأبا حنيفة ومن جالسنا واخذنا عنه يهمهم غير الفقه والاقتداء بمن تقدمهم
[جامع بيان العلم وفضله - ابن عبد البر - ج ٢ - الصفحة ٩٥]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
"Ibn Abi Khaythamah mentioned, narrating from Muhammad bin Shu'ayb al-Balkhi, who said: I heard Hasan bin Ziyad al-Lu'lui, and a man asked him about Zafar bin al-Hudhail: 'Did he engage in kalam (theological discourse)?' He said: 'Glory be to Allah, how foolish you are! You did not understand that our elders, Zafar, Abu Yusuf, Abu Hanifa, and those who sat with us and from whom we learned, were concerned with nothing but jurisprudence and following those who came before them.'"
[Jaami' al-Bayaan wa Fadlihi - Volume 2 - Page 95]
This serves as evidence, among other things, that Abu Hanifa and his companions were not part of Ahl al-Kalam and did not share their views. They were focused on Fiqh, and they were not from the Jahmiyyah.
In his book "Sharh Usul I'tiqaad", Imam Lalakaee discusses the views of the Fuqaha regarding the uncreated nature of the Quran, including in it Abu Hanifa, Abu Yusuf, and Muhammad ibn al-Hasan.
This not only shows that Imam Lalakaee recognized Abu Hanifa as a valid Faqih, but also clarifies that Abu Hanifa was not a Jahmi.
وَمِنَ الطَّبَقَةِ الْأُولَى مِنَ الْفُقَهَاءِ: مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى , وَسُفْيَانُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الثَّوْرِيُّ , وَالنُّعْمَانُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ , وَأَبُو يُوسُفَ يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ , وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ , وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ , وَعَبْدُ السَّلَامِ بْنُ حَرْبٍ , وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ ⦗٣٠٦⦘ إِدْرِيسَ , وَحَفْصُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ , وَيَحْيَى بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ , وَأَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ خَازِمٍ الضَّرِيرُ , وَوَكِيعُ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ , وَأَبُو أُسَامَةَ حَمَّادُ بْنُ أُسَامَةَ , وَعَبْدَةُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْكِلَابِيُّ , وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ , وَجَعْفَرُ بْنُ عَوْنٍ , وَعَبْدُ الْحَمِيدِ الْحِمَّانِيُّ , وَيَعْلَى وَمُحَمَّدٌ ابْنَا عُبَيْدٍ , وَأَبُو نُعَيْمٍ الْفَضْلُ بْنُ دُكَيْنٍ , وَعَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ أَبَانَ , وَشُجَاعُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ , وَحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْجُعْفِيُّ , وَقَبِيصَةُ بْنُ عُقْبَةَ , وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُونُسَ , وَأَبُو غَسَّانَ مَالِكُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ النَّهْدِيُّ.
وَمِنَ الطَّبَقَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ: يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ الْحِمَّانِيُّ , وَعَثَّامُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْعَامِرِيُّ , وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ زُفَرَ , وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ حَكِيمٍ الْأَوْدِيُّ , وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُثْمَانُ ابْنَا أَبِي شَيْبَةَ , وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ , وَعُبَيْدُ بْنُ يَعِيشَ , وَهَنَّادُ بْنُ السَّرِيِّ , وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبَانَ الْجُعْفِيُّ , وَأَبُو كُرَيْبٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ الْهَمَذَانِيُّ , وَإِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مُوسَى الْأَنْصَارِيُّ , وَيَحْيَى بْنُ طَلْحَةَ ⦗٣٠٨⦘ الْيَرْبُوعِيُّ , وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْأَشَجُّ , وَأَبُو هِشَامٍ الرِّفَاعِيُّ , وَسُفْيَانُ بْنُ وَكِيعٍ , وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي زِيَادٍ الْقَطَوَانِيُّ , وَجَعْفَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ , وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ , وَفَضَالَةُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الطُّهَوِيُّ , وَوَاصِلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى , وَعُبَيْدُ بْنُ أَسْبَاطٍ , وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ بَهْرَامَ , وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ جَوَّاسٍ الْحَنَفِيُّ أَبُو عَاصِمٍ , وَهَارُونُ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ الْمُقْرِئُ , وَهَارُونُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ , وَالْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ الْعِجْلِيُّ , ⦗٣٠٩⦘ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ خَلَفٍ التَّيْمِيُّ الْمُقْرِئُ , وَزَكَرِيَّا بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ , وَأَبُو شَيْبَةَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ , وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَازِمِ بْنِ أَبِي غَرَزَةَ ,
٤٨٢ - قَالُوا كُلُّهُمُ: الْقُرْآنُ كَلَامُ اللَّهِ غَيْرُ مَخْلُوقٍ , فَمَنْ قَالَ مَخْلُوقٌ فَهُوَ كَافِرٌ.
[شرح أصول اعتقاد - المجلد ٢ - الصفحة ٣٠٥-٣٠٧]
Imam Lalakaee said:
The first generation of Fuqaha include:
Muhammad ibn Abdul-Rahman ibn Abi Layla, Sufyan ibn Sa’id al-Thawri, al-Nu’man ibn Thabit Abu Hanifa, Abu Yusuf Ya’qub ibn Ibrahim, Muhammad ibn al-Hasan, Abu Bakr ibn Ayash, Abdul-Salam ibn Harb, Abdullah ibn Idris, Hafs ibn Giyath, Yahya ibn Zakariya ibn Abi Zaydah, Abu Mu’awiyah Muhammad ibn Khazim al-Darir, Waki’ ibn al-Jarrah, Abu Usama Hammad ibn Usama, Abda ibn Sulayman al-Kilabi, Abdullah ibn Numayr, Ja’far ibn Awn, Abdul-Hamid al-Himani, Ya’la and Muhammad ibn Ubayd, Abu Nu’aym al-Fadl ibn Dukayn, Abdul-Aziz ibn Aban, Shu’ayb ibn al-Walid, Husayn ibn Ali al-Ju’fi, Qabisa ibn Uqbah, Ahmad ibn Abdullah ibn Yunus, and Abu Ghassan Malik ibn Isma’il al-Nahdi.
The second generation of Fuqaha include:
Yahya ibn Abdul-Hamid al-Himani, ‘Uthamm ibn Ali al-‘Amiri, ‘Uthman ibn Zufar, Ali ibn Hakim al-Awdhi, Abu Bakr and ‘Uthman ibn Abi Shaybah, Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Numayr, ‘Ubayd ibn Ya’ish, Hannad ibn al-Sari, Abdullah ibn Umar ibn Muhammad ibn Aban al-Ju’fi, Abu Kurayb Muhammad ibn al-‘Ala’ al-Hamadhani, Ishaq ibn Musa al-Ansari, Yahya ibn Talhah al-Yarbou’i, Abu Said al-Ashaj, Abu Hisham al-Rifai, Sufyan ibn Waki’, Abdullah ibn Abi Ziyad al-Qatwani, Ja’far ibn Muhammad al-Tha’labi, Ibrahim ibn Abi Bakr ibn Ayash, Fadalah ibn Fadl al-Tuhawi, Wasil ibn Abd al-A’la, ‘Ubayd ibn Asbat, Ismail ibn Bahram, Ahmad ibn Jawwas al-Hanafi Abu Asim, Harun ibn Hatim al-Muqri’, Harun ibn Isaq al-Hamdani, Husayn ibn Ali ibn al-Aswad al-‘Ijli, Muhammad ibn Khalaf al-Taymi al-Muqri’, Zakariya ibn Yahya ibn Zakariya ibn Abi Zaydah, Abu Shaybah Ibrahim ibn Abdullah ibn Abi Shaybah, Ahmad ibn Hazim ibn Abi Ghazah.
They all said:
“The Qur’an is the speech of Allah and is uncreated. Whoever says it is created is a disbeliever.”
[Sharh Usul I'tiqaad - Volume 2 - Page 305-307]
Abu Hanifa was not a strong narrator
روى ابن شاهين، عن البغوي، عن محمود بن غيلان، عن المؤل بن إسماعيل قال: ذكر أبو حنيفة عند الثوري في الحجر فقال: غير ثقة ولا مأمون، غير ثقة ولا مأمون، فلم يزل يقول حتى جاوز الطواف.
وعن الحسن بن الربيع قال: ضرب ابن المبارك على حديثه قبل أن يموت بأيام يسيرة.
[ المختلف فيهم المؤلف : ابن شاهين الجزء : 1 صفحة : 76]
Abu Hafs ibn Shaheen mentioned:
On the authority of Al-Baghawi, on the authority of Mahmoud bin Ghailan, on the authority of Al-Mual bin Ismail, who said: Abu Hanifa was mentioned in the presence of Al-Thawri at the Black Stone, and he said: He is neither trustworthy nor reliable, he is neither trustworthy nor reliable, and he kept saying that until he completed the circumambulation.
On the authority of Al-Hasan bin Al-Rabi’, he said: Ibn Al-Mubarak left his hadiths a few days before he died.
[Al-Mukhtalifa fihim - Ibn Shaheen - Volume 1 - Page 76]
۲۰٦۱ النعمان بن ثابت أبو حنيفة مولى بني تيم الله [بن ثعلبة - 4] روى عن عطاء ونافع وأبي جعفر محمد بن علي وقتادة وسماك بن حرب وحماد بن أبي سليمان روى عنه هشيم وعباد بن العوام بنات المبارك ووكيع وعبد الرزاق وابو نعيم، ثم تركه ابن المبارك بآخرة سمعتها تقول ذلك.
[الجرح والتعديل لابن أبي حاتم صفحة ۳٦۹٦]
Ibn Abi Haatim said:
"Al-Nu'man bin Thabit Abu Hanifa narrated from Ata', Nafi', Abu Ja'far Muhammad bin 'Ali, Qatada, Samak bin Harb, and Hammad bin Abi SulaEman. Those who narrated from him are Hushaym, 'Abbad bin Al-Awwam, Ibn Al-Mubarak, Waki', Abd Al-Razzaq, and Abu Nu'aym. Then later Ibn Al-Mubarak left (the hadith of) Abu Hanifa, I heard this from my father (Abu Haatim al-Razi).
[Jarh wal Ta'deel 3696 of Ibn Abi Haatim]
قال: وذكر أبو بكر بن عياس حديث عاصم، فقال: والله ما سمعه أبو حنيفة قط.
[ المختلف فيهم المؤلف : ابن شاهين الجزء : 1 صفحة : 77]
Abu Hafs ibn Shaheen mentioned:
"Abu Bakr ibn Ayas mentioned the hadith of 'Asim, and said: 'By Allah, Abu Hanifa never heard it.'"
[Al-Mukhtalifa fihim - Ibn Shaheen - Volume 1 - Page 77]
وعن أحمد بن حنبل قال: أبو حنيفة يكذب.
وعن يحيى بن معين، أنه سئل عن أبي يوسف، وأبي حنيفة؟ فقال: أبو يوسف أوثق منه في الحديث، قلت: وكان أبو حنيفة يكذب؟ قال: كان أنبل في نفسه من أن يكذب.
[ المختلف فيهم المؤلف : ابن شاهين الجزء : 1 صفحة : 77]
Abu Hafs ibn Shaheen mentioned:
"And Ahmad ibn Hanbal said: 'Abu Hanifa lies.'
And Yahya ibn Ma'een was asked about Abu Yusuf and Abu Hanifa, and he replied: 'Abu Yusuf is more reliable than him in hadith.' It was asked: 'Was Abu Hanifa a liar?' He replied: 'He was too noble for him to be attributed with that.'"
[Al-Mukhtalifa fihim - Ibn Shaheen - Volume 1 - Page 77]
قال الشَّيْخ: وأَبُو حنيفة لَهُ أحاديث صالحة وعامة ما يرويه غلط وتصاحيف وزيادات فِي أسانيدها ومتونها وتصاحيف فِي الرجال وعامة ما يرويه كذلك ولم يصح لَهُ فِي جميع ما يوريه إلا بضعة عشر حديثا وقد روى من الحديث لعله أرجح من ثلاثمِئَة حديث من مشاهير وغرائب وكله على هَذِهِ الصورة لأنه ليس هُوَ من أهل الحديث، ولاَ يحمل على من تكون هَذِهِ صورته فِي الحديث.
[الكامل في ضعفاء الرجال نویسنده : ابن عدي جلد : 8 صفحه : 246]
Ibn 'Adiy said:
"Abu Hanifa has valid hadiths, but for the most part, what he narrates is erroneous, with errors in the chains of narration and texts, and mistakes in the names of narrators.
Most of what he narrates is like this, and only about a dozen or so hadiths are considered authentic from him.
He has narrated perhaps over three hundred hadiths, including well-known and rare ones, but all of them are in this condition, because he is not considered one of the scholars of hadith, nor should one expect the standard of hadith transmission from someone with this type of background in hadith."
[Al-Kaamil - Volume 8 - Page 246]
قال أبو حفص بن شاهين: وهذا الكلام في أبي حنيفة، طريقه طريق الروايات، واضطرابها، وما فيها من الخطأ. لا أنه كان يضع حديثاً، ولا يركب إسناداً على متن، ولا متناً على إسناد، ولا يدعي لقاء من لم يلقه، كان أورع من ذلك وأنبل، وقد فضله العلماء في الفقه منه: القاسم، وابن معين، والشافعي، والمقرئ، وابن مطيع، والأوزاعي، وابن المبارك، ومن يكثر عدده، ولكن حديثه في اضطراب، وكان قليل الرواية، وكان بالرأي أبصر من الحديث، وإنما طعن عليه من طعن من الأئمة في الرأي، وأذا قلَّ بصيرة العالم بالسنن وفَتَح الرأي تكلم فيه العلماء بالسنن، وكفاك بسفيان الثوري، وابن المبارك وأحمد بن حنبل، سادات من نقل السنن وعرف الحق من الباطل، والله أعلم.
[ المختلف فيهم المؤلف : ابن شاهين الجزء : 1 صفحة : 77]
Abu Hafs ibn Shaheen said:
This talk about Abu Hanifa, it is about the Isnad, their confusion, and the errors in them. It is not that he used to fabricate hadith, nor did he mount a chain of transmission on a text, nor a text on a chain of transmission, nor did he claim to have met someone he did not meet. He was more pious and noble than that, and the scholars preferred him in jurisprudence: Al-Qasim, Ibn Ma'een, Al-Shafi’i, Al-Muqri, Ibn Mut’i, Al-Awza'ee, Ibn Al-Mubarak, and many others.
However, his hadith was confused, and he had few narrations, and he had more insight in opinion than hadith. Only those imams who criticized him also criticized his opinion.
If the scholar’s insight into the Sunnah is weak and he opens up opinion, the scholars of the Sunnah will speak about him. Sufyan Al-Thawri, Ibn Al-Mubarak, and Ahmad ibn Hanbal are sufficient for you. They are masters of transmitting the Sunnah and distinguishing truth from falsehood, and Allah knows best.
[Al-Mukhtalifa fihim - Ibn Shaheen - Volume 1 - Page 77]
Abu Hanifa used to confuse narrations and their narrators, so he was not strong as a narrator, but he was estabilished as a great Faqih.
How Abu Hanifa died
قال ونا أحمد بن القاسم قال نا يعقوب بن شيبة قال نا عبد الله بن الحسن عن بشر ابن الوليد قال كان أبو جعفر أمير المؤمنين اشخص أبا حنيفة اليه وأراده على أن يوليه القضاء فأبى فحلف عليه أبو جعفر ليفعلن فحلف أبو حنيفة لا يفعل فقال الربيع لأبي حنيفة الا ترى أمير المؤمنين يحلف فقال أبو حنيفة أمير المؤمنين أقدر منى على كفارة ايمانه فأبى ان يلي فأمر به إلى السجن فمات في السجن ودفن في مقابر الخيزران رحمة الله عليه
[الإنتقاء في فضائل الثلاثة الأئمة الفقهاء - ابن عبد البر - الصفحة ١٧١]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
Ahmad ibn Al-Qasim narrated to us, saying: Ya’qub ibn Shaybah narrated to us, saying: 'Abdullah ibn Al-Hasan narrated to us from Bishr ibn Al-Walid, who said: Abu Ja'far, the Commander of the Faithful (Caliph), summoned Abu Hanifa to him and wanted to appoint him as a judge. Abu Hanifa refused, but Abu Ja'far swore that he must accept. Abu Hanifa then swore that he would not do it.
Al-Rabi’ said to Abu Hanifa: 'Do you not see that the Commander of the Faithful is swearing?' Abu Hanifa replied: 'The Commander of the Faithful is more capable than me of expiating his oath.' He still refused to accept, so Abu Ja'far ordered him to be imprisoned.
He died in prison and was buried in the Khayzaran cemetery. May Allah have mercy on him.
[Al-Intiqaa fi Fadaail al-Aimmah al-Thalatha al-Fuqahaa - Page 171]
حدثنا خلف بن القاسم قال حدثنا يحيى بن الربيع قال حدثنا محمد بن حماد المصيصي قال حدثنا إبراهيم بن واقد قال حدثنا المطلب بن زياد قال حدثني جعفر بن الحسن أمامنا قال رأيت أبا حنيفة في النوم فقلت ما فعل الله بك يا أبا حنيفة قال غفر لي فقلت له بالعلم قال ما أضر الفتيا على أهلها فقلت فيما قال بقول الناس في مالم يعلم الله مني
[جامع بيان العلم وفضله - ابن عبد البر - ج ٢ - الصفحة ١٦٦]
Ibn 'Abdul-Barr mentioned:
Khalaf ibn al-Qasim narrated to us, saying: Yahya ibn al-Rabi’ narrated to us, saying: Muhammad ibn Hammad al-Masisi narrated to us, saying: Ibrahim ibn Waqid narrated to us, saying: al-Muttalib ibn Ziyad narrated to us, saying: Ja’far ibn al-Hasan, who is our Imam, told me:
"I saw Abu Hanifah in a dream and said to him, 'What did Allah do with you, O Abu Hanifa?' He said, 'He forgave me.' I asked, 'Because of your knowledge?' He replied, 'Fatwas caused harm to those who issued them.' I asked, 'Why?' He said, 'Because of what people incorrectly attributed to me.'
[Jaami' al-Bayaan wa Fadlihi - Volume 2 - Page 166]